Parenthood and Mental Health : A Bridge Between Infant and Adult Psychiatry

by Sam Tyano (Tel Aviv University, Israel ); Miri Keren (Tel Aviv University, Israel ); Helen Herrman (University of Melbourne, Australia); John Cox (University of Gloucestershire, UK )

• ISBN13: 9780470660676
• ISBN10: 0470660678
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2010-04-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

In a fresh and comprehensive way, this book summarizes knowledge about parenting from gestation to the first year of life, including a critical analysis of parenting, what it means to be a "good enough parent", and its relationship to infant, parent, and family outcomes. In addition to the psychiatric dimension, the book emphasizes the biological aspects of parenting, parental psychopathology, and normal and abnormal infant development.

Table of Contents

Foreword

List of contributors

Introduction

A historical overview: infants, parents, and parenting from ancient times to nowadays

Definition of some major concepts

Structure of the book

References

Parental Orientations Normal processes

Mothers' and fathers' orientations: patterns of pregnancy, parenting and the bonding process

Introduction

Pregnancy and the 'placental paradigm'

The model of maternal orientations

Mothering

Postnatal disturbances

Contagious arousal

Paternal orientations

Conclusion

The competent fetus

Introduction

Continuity from intrauterine life to infancy

The competent fetus and its receptive sensorial capacities

Fetuses remember and therefore can learn . .

Fetuses can feel pain

Fetal psychology: an emerging domain

Conclusion: the fetus can no longer be thought as a 'witless tadpole'

Challenging pregnancies

Single parenthood: its impact on parenting the infant

Introduction

Single-parent families come in a variety of profiles

Single parenthood as risk factor for parental mental health

Risk factors for mental health problems among single mothers

Single-father families versus single-mother families

Single custodial parenthood

Psychological characteristics of single mothers by choice

A double-edge risk situation: being a single parent of an infant at risk

Clinical implications

Summary

Surrogate mothers

Introduction

Characteristics, motivations and experiences

Attachment, bonding and pregnancy

Relinquishing the baby and the social context

At-risk pregnancies

The impact of stress in pregnancy on the fetus, the infant, and the child

Introduction

Data from animal studies

Human studies of the impact of maternal stress on offspring

Discussion

Conclusion: implications for social health policy

Unintended pregnancies

Introduction

The insistence of desire

Abortion

Rape, incest and denials of pregnancy

Pregnancy and mental illness

Clinical challenges of adolescent motherhood

Introduction

Early challenges faced by young mothers

Adolescent mother-infant interaction and the elaboration of attachment

Intervention with adolescent mothers and their infants

Psychopathological states in the pregnant mother

Introduction

General guidelines

When something goes wrong with the fetus: rights, wrongs and consequences

Reproduction and threats to the unborn

The rights of the fetus and of the newborn

Parental reactions

The fate of persons with developmental disabilities

Multiple fetuses pregnancy and other medical high-risk pregnancies

Medical high-risk pregnancies: definition

Psychological aspects of multiple pregnancies

Pregnancy and HIV, a public health problem

Assessment of prenatal parenting

Prenatal self-report questionnaires, scales and interviews

Introduction

Semi-structured interviews

Self-report questionnaires and scales

Inventories

Observational tool: the prenatal Lausanne Trilogue Play

Introduction

The Lausanne Trilogue Play paradigm

The prenatal LTP

Discussion

Treatment of abnormal states during pregnancy

Psychopharmacological treatments during pregnancy: risks and benefits for the mother and her infant

Introduction

Depression and anxiety during pregnancy

Bipolar disorder

Schizophrenia

Post-partum psychosis

Psychotherapeutic, psychosocial, individual and family interventions for abnormal states during pregnancy

Introduction

Maternal-fetal attachment disorders

Anxiety disorders

Eating disorders

Depression

Suicide

Substance use

Delivery and birth

Perinatal loss: its immediate and long-term impact on parenting

Introduction

Historical and cultural perspectives

Psychological effects of perinatal death on mothers

Psychological effects of perinatal death on fathers

Impact of perinatal loss on the couple

Impact of perinatal loss on the subsequent pregnancy

Clinical implications

Parenting of the infant during the first year of life Normal processes

Transition to parenthood

Introduction

Pregnancy and emotional upheaval: risks and resiliency

The psychological unfolding of pregnancy

Psychopathology in pregnancy

Prevention and early intervention

CAPEDP-Attachment: a French project to promote parental skills and decrease disorganized attachment

Role of parenting in the development of the infant's interpersonal abilities

Introduction

Transformative theoretical concepts of human relationships

Infant mental health service structure

Welcoming a stranger: cultural and social aspects of parenting

Introduction

Jimmy

Ethnopsychiatry

Ethnopsychiatric therapy sessions

Treatment

Psychotherapy and diplomacy

The conflict between the two families

Sorcery: from the Antilles to the Congo

Pentecostal churches in the Congo

Misunderstanding no. 1

The Bakongo kinship and parenting system

Misunderstanding no. 2

To whom does the child belong?

Back to the treatment

Identifying baby Jimmy

Epilogue

Filicide: parents who murder their child

Introduction

Prevalence of filicide among Western societies

Filicide and the child's age

Filicide and parent's gender

Parental motivations for committing filicide: at the psychiatric level

Parental motivations for committing filicide: at the psychodynamic level

Characteristics of the child at risk for filicide

Clinical implications

Parental risk factors for parenthood

Maternal postnatal mental disorder: how does it affect the young child?

Introduction

Postnatal mental illness: immediate effect on parenting

Mother-infant relationships

Risk and resilience

Infant outcome and child development

Child mental health problems

Child abuse and neglect

Family aspects

Considering the child in the management of maternal mental illness

Psychopathological states in the father and their impact on parenting

Introduction

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in men

Paternal psychopathology and child internalizing and externalizing problems

How depressive symptoms may affect parenting

Paternal psychopathology and parenting

Summary

Research agenda

The impact of trauma on parents and infants

Introduction

The problem of abuse and neglect

Other trauma exposure in young children

Lessons learned

Substance problems: bridging the gap between infant and adult

Introduction

The prevention and policy framework

Epidemiology: the magnitude of the problem

Health and welfare: context and consequences

Assessment and treatment: uniting families

Specific interventions for pregnant substance misusers

Pharmacological treatments for pregnant substance misusers

Catalysing change by implementation of research: service models

Environmental risk factors for parenthood

Foster parenthood

Introduction

Foster children symptomatology

The use of attachment theory

Foster children's special needs

How to help foster parents to provide best care for the fostered child

Kin vs. non-kin foster parents

Visits to the biological parents

Need for permanency

Parenting the chronically ill infant

Introduction

Asthma

Congenital heart disease

Cystic fibrosis

Very low birth weight infants

Conclusions and future studies

Parenting an infant born of rape

Case vignette 1

Case vignette 2

Case vignette 3

Introduction

Context

Outcomes of pregnancy

Perinatal period

Maternal representation of the infant

Maternal attachment

Infant attachment

Representations of the father and disclosure to the infant

Adoptive and foster parenting

Siblings

Being parented in ongoing difficulty

Support and therapeutic intervention for the family

The infant's view of their life

Parenting an infant with a disability

Introduction

Parental expectations

Antenatal diagnosis

Case vignette 1

Case vignette 2

Postnatal diagnosis

Case vignette 3

Case vignette 4

Diagnostic uncertainty

Parental responses

Parent-infant relationship development

Case vignette 5

Case vignette 6

Depression in parents of children with a disability

Responses of family, friends and wider society

Economic and social implications

Positive implications

Supporting parents

Being a parent with a disability

Being a disabled parent

The UK context

Parents with physical disability

Parents with intellectual disability

Parents with mental illness

A recovery perspective on disabled parents with mental illness

The social model of disability

Cultural representations of parents with disabilities

UK policy perspectives

Solutions to support disabled adults as parents

Involving disabled parents in research

Parenthood: the impact of immigration

Introduction

The ingredients of parenthood

Pregnancy and childbirth in exile

The infant, a cultural being

Conclusions: parents in exile

References

Parenting and poverty: a complex interaction

Introduction

Poverty

Upstream and downstream factors

Parenting and its determinants

Parenting and poverty

Maternal depression

Poverty, parenting, depression and infant attachment

Malnutrition and non-organic failure to thrive

Assessment of parenthood

Assessment of parenting

Introduction

Self-report measures

Reports by others

Observational methods

Experimental testing

Parental influence

Principles of effective co-parenting and its assessment in infancy and early childhood

Introduction

What is effective co-parenting?

Co-parenting as a triangular concept

Co-parenting and division of labor

Co-parenting and children's adjustment

What do mental health professionals need to know? The essentials

Instruments of choice: observational, interview and self-report survey data

Legal assessment of parenting competency

Introduction

Definitions of maltreatment

Assessment is an intervention

Infants and toddlers are a special group

Models of parenting capacity assessment

Core competencies for professionals doing parenting capacity assessments with infants

Treatment of dysfunctional parenting

Psychotropic drugs and lactation: to nurse or not to nurse

Drug excretion into breast milk: general considerations

Benzodiazepines

Phenothiazines

Butirophenones

Atypical neuroleptics

Antimanic drugs

Anticonvulsants that are also mood-stabilizers

Central nervous system stimulants

Tricyclic antidepressants

Tetracyclic antidepressants

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors

Parent-infant psychotherapies and indications for inpatient versus outpatient treatments

Introduction

Different forms of parent-infant psychotherapy

Indications for inpatient versus outpatient treatment

When parents reject treatment

Pathological parenting: from the infant's perspective

The symptomatology of a dysfunctional parent-infant relationship

Introduction

'Good-enough' parenting

Parenting in the context of mental illness

Qualities of infant-parent interaction

Assessing infant-parent interaction

The infant response in the context of a dysfunctional relationship

Implications for prevention and intervention

Acknowledgements

Concluding chapter

Mental health of parents and infant health and development in resource-constrained settings: evidence gaps and implications for facilitating 'good-enough parenting' in the twenty-first-century world

Introduction

Social model of mental health

Parenting and mothers' social position

Human rights, mental health and child health and development

Promotion of infant health and development and prevention of maternal mental health problems

Preventing and ameliorating maternal mental health problems and potential benefits for infant health and development

Addressing the social determinants of compromised early childhood development and maternal mental health problems

Implications for facilitating 'good-enough parenting' in the communities of the twenty-first century

Conclusion

References 440

Index

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