Patch Testing and Prick Testing : A Practical Guide

by LaChapelle, J.M.

• ISBN13: 9783540443490
• ISBN10: 3540443495
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-08-01
• Publisher: SPRINGER

Summary

Combined with the second book of this mini-series "Management of Positive Patch Test Reactions", the text gives a comprehensive account on all matters involved when treating patients with allergic skin problems. It is intended to be a cook book for daily dermatological practise. It provides an updated standardized version on patch testing and prick testing procedures. The different techniques, the visual scoring and the pitfalls interpreting positive and/or negative results are covered in detail. Additional tests such as open, semi-open, roat and use tests, photopatch tests and atopy patch tests are described as well. The revised international standard series of patch tests is reviewed, including succinct explanations for each allergen.

Table of Contents

1 The International Contact Dermatitis Research Group	1	(6)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.I. MAIBACH
1.1 Historical Background	1	(1)
1.2 Current Tasks of the ICDRG	2	(1)
1.3 ICDRG Members	2	(2)
References	4	(3)
Part 1 Patch Testing
2 The Spectrum of Diseases for Which Patch Testing is Recommended. Patients Who Should be Investigated	7	(20)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE
2.1 Allergic Contact Dermatitis	7	(4)
2.2 The Allergic Contact Dermatitis Syndrome	11	(7)
2.3 Other Skin Diseases in Which Patch Testing is of Major Interest	18	(1)
2.4 An Algorithmic Approach: The Key Role of Patch Testing	19	(1)
2.5 Hand Dermatitis: Procedures Applied in Differential Diagnosis	20	(5)
References	25	(2)
3 The Methodology of Patch Testing	27	(44)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.I. MAIBACH
3.1 Historical Background	27	(1)
3.2 Definition and Aims	28	(1)
3.3 Patch Test Units	29	(5)
3.4 A General Overview of Allergens	34	(3)
3.5 Specific Recommendations when Considering Patch Testing Patients	37	(3)
3.6 Application of Patch Tests on the Skin: Some Practical Suggestions	40	(2)
3.7 Reading Time	42	(4)
3.8 Reading and Scoring Patch Test Results	46	(5)
3.9 Irritant Patch Test Reactions	51	(4)
3.10 False-Positive Patch Test Reactions	55	(1)
3.11 False-Negative Patch Test Reactions	55	(1)
3.12 Compound Allergy	56	(1)
3.13 Cross-Sensitization	57	(1)
3.14 Unwanted Adverse Reactions of Patch Testing	58	(3)
3.15 Patch Test Readings in Different Ethnic Populations	61	(3)
3.16 Patch Testing Techniques in Different Climatic Environments	64	(2)
References	66	(5)
4 The Standard and Additional Series of Patch Tests	71	(24)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE
4.1 Historical Background	71	(1)
4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Standard Series of Patch Tests	72	(1)
4.3 The Three Major Standard Series Used Throughout the World	73	(2)
4.4 Some Remarks about the Mixes of the Standard Series	75	(2)
4.5 Proposal for an ICDRG Revised International Series of Patch Tests	77	(1)
4.6 List of Allergens Proposed for an Extended ICDRG Series Which May be Required According to Each Individual Situation	77	(1)
4.7 List of Allergens Proposed to be Deleted from the Revised and Extended ICDRG Series	77	(2)
4.8 Succinct Information About Allergens	79	(5)
4.9 Additional Series of Patch Tests	84	(10)
References	94	(1)
5 Photopatch Testing	95	(8)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE, S. FREEMAN
5.1 Definition and Aims	95	(1)
5.2 Photoallergic Contact Dermatitis	95	(3)
5.3 Photoallergic Drug Eruptions	98	(1)
5.4 Methodology of Photopatch Testing	99	(1)
5.5 Light Sources	100	(1)
5.6 Proposal for a Photopatch Test Series	100	(1)
References	100	(3)
6 The Atopy Patch Test in Atopic Dermatitis	103	(8)
U. DARSOW, J. RING
6.1 Introduction	103	(1)
6.2 Atopy Patch Test Technique	104	(2)
6.3 Atopy Patch Test Reading	106	(1)
6.4 Atopy Patch Test Relevance, Patient Subgroups and Pitfalls	107	(2)
References	109	(2)
7 Additional Testing Procedures	111	(10)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.I. MAIBACH
7.1 Stripping Test	111	(1)
7.2 Open Test	112	(1)
7.3 Semi-Open Test	112	(1)
7.4 Repeated Open Application Test	113	(1)
7.5 Testing Procedures with Unknown Substances	114	(3)
7.6 Oral Provocation Test (Oral Challenge)	117	(1)
7.7 Spot Test	118	(1)
7.8 Chemical Analysis	119	(1)
References	120	(1)
8 Clinical Relevance of Patch Test Reactions	121	(10)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE, I. ALE, H.I. MAIBACH
8.1 Introduction	121	(1)
8.2 General Principles	121	(1)
8.3 Past and Current Relevance	122	(1)
8.4 Scoring System	123	(1)
8.5 Strategies	124	(4)
8.6 Additional Investigations	128	(1)
8.7 Suggestions for Improved Evidence-Based Diagnosis of Relevance	129	(1)
References	130	(1)
9 The True Test System	131	(8)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.I. MAIBACH
9.1 Introduction	131	(1)
9.2 The True Test System	131	(1)
9.3 The Standard True Test Series	132	(2)
9.4 Methodology of Use	134	(1)
9.5 Additional Practical Information	135	(1)
References	135	(4)
Part 2 Prick Testing
10 The Spectrum of Diseases for Which Prick Testing is Recommended. Patients Who Should be Investigated	139	(10)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.I. MAIBACH
10.1 The Contact Urticaria Syndrome	139	(7)
10.2 Protein Contact Dermatitis	146	(2)
References	148	(1)
11 The Methodology of Prick Testing and Its Variants	149	(16)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.I. MAIBACH
11.1 Prick Test: Technical Modalities and Reading	149	(5)
11.2 Prick-by-Prick-Test	154	(1)
11.3 Scratch Test	154	(1)
11.4 Scratch-Chamber-Test	155	(1)
11.5 Comparative Indications of Prick Testing and Other Related Tests	155	(1)
11.6 Intradermal Testing	156	(1)
11.7 Prick Testing: Allergens of Interest for Skin Problems	156	(6)
References	162	(3)
Part 3 Testing in Cutaneous Systemic Drug Reactions: Interest and Limitations
12 Testing Procedures in Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions	165	(10)
J.-M. LACHAPELLE, H.I. MAIBACH
12.1 General Considerations	165	(2)
12.2 Tools of Investigations in CADR	167	(1)
12.3 Patch Testing in CADR	167	(7)
12.4 Prick Testing in CADR	174	(1)
References	174	(1)
Suggested Reading	175	(2)
Subject Index	177