Patent Law

by Nard, Craig Allen; Wagner, R. Polk

• ISBN13: 9781587789021
• ISBN10: 1587789027
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-12-13
• Publisher: West Academic

Summary

This Concepts and Inisghts title offers an unusual mix of approaches to explaining the modern patent system. It combines both a comprehensive view of the law itself with key academic insights that illuminates the manypolicy challenges in the area today. The book is theoretical, yet grounded in the realities of the legal system - drawing from a range of original works across the field. As such, the book will be useful to the scholar, the student, and the practitioner - anyone who needs a compact, yet sophisticated overview of patent law.

Table of Contents

What is a Patent and Why Do We Have a Patent System?	p. 1
What is a Patent?	p. 1
Parts of a Patent	p. 2
The Philosophy of Patent Law	p. 6
The Economics of Patent Law	p. 9
Trends and Challenges to the Modern Patent System	p. 13
Trends of the Modern Patent System	p. 13
Increasing Patenting Activity	p. 13
Increasing Enforcement Activity	p. 15
A Changing Role for Patents?	p. 17
The Policy Challenges of the Modern Patent System	p. 19
Patent Law and Social Welfare: An Evolving Relationship	p. 19
Operational Challenges: Administrative and Judicial	p. 22
The Boundaries of the Patent System	p. 23
Trade Secret Law	p. 24
Copyright Law	p. 27
Trademark Law	p. 28
Channeling Towards Patent Law	p. 29
The Federal Circuit and The Patent System	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
Federal Circuit: Facts and Figures	p. 31
Caseload	p. 31
Judges	p. 32
Judicial "Camps"	p. 32
The Theory of the Federal Circuit	p. 33
Managers versus Decision Makers: Two Views of the Federal Circuit	p. 36
The Future of the Federal Circuit	p. 37
An Overview of Patent Prosecution	p. 39
Introduction	p. 39
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office	p. 43
Prosecution Rules, Regulation, and Procedures	p. 43
Drafting the Application	p. 44
Submission, Classification and Initial Proceedings	p. 45
Examination Proceedings	p. 46
Continuation Practice	p. 46
Post-Grant Practice: Maintenance, Reissues and Re-examinations	p. 47
Challenges at the Patent Office	p. 48
Responding to the Rise in Patenting Activity	p. 49
Resolving a Regulatory Role	p. 50
Defining the Constituency	p. 52
Disclosure Requirements	p. 53
Enablement	p. 54
Enablement and "Undue Experimentation"	p. 54
Enablement and Claim Scope	p. 56
Written Description	p. 58
Best Mode	p. 61
Definiteness	p. 65
Novelty and Statutory Bars	p. 67
Novelty	p. 67
Date of Invention	p. 68
"Known or Used"	p. 70
"Printed Publication"	p. 74
Novelty Under §§ 102(e) and 102(g)(2)	p. 76
Section 102(e) Prior Art	p. 76
Section 102(g)(2) Prior Art	p. 79
Prior User Rights	p. 81
Patent-Obtaining v. Patent-Defeating Activity	p. 84
Statutory Bars: Public Use and On-Sale Activity	p. 85
On-Sale Bar	p. 86
Public Use	p. 89
Experimental Use	p. 91
Third-Party Activity	p. 95
Priority of Invention	p. 97
Abandonment, Suppression, and Concealment	p. 98
Diligence	p. 99
Comparative Perspective: First-to-Invent versus First-to-File	p. 100
Non-Obviousness	p. 102
The Graham Framework	p. 102
The Non-Obviousness Test	p. 102
Scope and Content of the Prior Art	p. 104
Analogous and Non-Analogous Art	p. 105
Suggestion in the Art and Reasonable Expectation of Success	p. 106
The Person Having Ordinary Skill in the Art	p. 117
Objective Indicia of Non-Obviousness: Secondary Considerations	p. 118
Commercial Success	p. 118
Long-Felt Need and Failure of Others	p. 119
Licensing and Acquiescence	p. 120
The Importance of Non-Obviousness as a Policy Tool	p. 120
Eligible Subject Matter And Utility	p. 122
Introduction	p. 122
The Subject Matter Requirement	p. 123
The Subject Matter Requirement and Biotechnology	p. 124
The Subject Matter Requirement and Computer Software	p. 128
The Utility Requirement	p. 133
Practical Utility	p. 135
Beneficial Utility	p. 141
Operable Utility	p. 142
Claim Construction	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
The Institutional Design of Claim Construction	p. 145
Interpreting Patent Claims	p. 150
Infringement	p. 157
Introduction	p. 157
Literal Infringement	p. 159
The Doctrine of Equivalents	p. 161
Foundational Cases	p. 162
Graver Tank v. Linde Air Prods. Co	p. 162
Warner-Jenkinson Company, Inc. v. Hilton Davis Chemical, Inc.	p. 163
The DOE and After-Arising Technologies	p. 167
Limitations on the Doctrine of Equivalents	p. 168
Prosecution History Estoppel	p. 169
The Festo Doctrine	p. 169
Rebutting Festo's Presumption	p. 174
Public Dedication Rule	p. 175
All-Limitations and Specific Exclusion Rule	p. 178
Indirect Infringement	p. 181
Active Inducement	p. 181
Contributory Infringement	p. 183
Defenses to Patent Infringement	p. 185
Introduction: The High Stakes of Patent Litigation	p. 185
Inequitable Conduct	p. 186
The Doctrine of Inequitable Conduct	p. 186
The Policy of Inequitable Conduct	p. 188
Prosecution Laches	p. 189
Patent Misuse and Antitrust Violations	p. 190
The Complexities of Patents and Competition Policy	p. 190
Analyzing Market Power and the Scope of the Claims	p. 191
Tying Arrangements	p. 192
Refusals to License	p. 193
Temporal Limitations	p. 194
Patent Pools	p. 195
Reverse Payments	p. 196
Grant-Back Licenses	p. 196
Exhaustion of Patent Rights: First Sale and Repair	p. 197
The Reverse Doctrine of Equivalents	p. 199
Inventorship and Ownership	p. 200
Attributes of an Inventor	p. 200
Inventorship, Ownership and Rights of the Employee	p. 202
Remedies	p. 204
Introduction	p. 204
Injunctive Relief	p. 205
Damages	p. 209
Lost Profits	p. 210
Measuring Harm: The Panduit Standard	p. 210
The Scope of Harm: The Rite-Hite Analysis	p. 211
Non-Infringing Substitutes	p. 213
Reasonable Royalty Damages	p. 214
Enhanced Damages, Willfulness, and Attorneys' Fees	p. 215
Table of Cases	p. 219
Index	p. 227
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