Patents, Citations, and Innovations : A Window on the Knowledge Economy

by Adam B. Jaffe and Manuel Trajtenberg

• ISBN13: 9780262100953
• ISBN10: 0262100959
• Edition: CD
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-08-07
• Publisher: Mit Pr

Summary

Innovation and technological change, long recognized as the main drivers of long-term economic growth, are elusive notions that are difficult to conceptualize and even harder to measure in a consistent, systematic way. This book demonstrates the usefulness of patents and citations data as a window on the process of technological change and as a powerful tool for research on the economics of innovation. Patent records contain a wealth of information, including the inventors' identity, location, and employer, as well as the technological field of the invention. Patents also contain citation references to previous patents, which allow one to trace links across inventions. The book lays out the conceptual foundations for such research and provides a range of interesting applications, such as examining the geographic pattern of knowledge spillovers and evaluating the impact of university and government patenting. It also describes statistical tools designed to handle methodological problems raised by the patent and citation processes. The book includes a CD with complete data on 3 million patents with more than 16 million citations and a range of author-devised measures of the importance, generality, and originality of patented innovations.

Table of Contents

Foreword	ix
Paul Romer
Acknowledgments	xi
The Data Disk	xv
Introduction	1	(22)
Adam B. Jaffe
Manuel Trajtenberg
I Conceptual and Methodological Foundations	23	(130)
A Penny for Your Quotes: Patent Citations and the Value of Innovations	25	(26)
Manuel Trajtenberg
University versus Corporate Patents: A Window on the Basicness of Invention	51	(38)
Manuel Trajtenberg
Rebecca Henderson
Adam B. Jaffe
How High Are the Giants' Shoulders: An Empirical Assessment of Knowledge Spillovers and Creative Destruction in a Model of Economic Growth	89	(64)
Ricardo J. Caballero
Adam B. Jaffe
II The Geography of Knowledge Spillovers	153	(82)
Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations	155	(24)
Adam B. Jaffe
Manuel Trajtenberg
Rebecca Henderson
Flows of Knowledge from Universities and Federal Laboratories: Modeling the Flow of Patent Citations over Time and across Institutional and Geographic Boundaries	179	(20)
Adam B. Jaffe
Manuel Trajtenberg
International Knowledge Flows: Evidence from Patent Citations	199	(36)
Adam B. Jaffe
Manuel Trajtenberg
III Policy-Motivated Evaluation of Institutions and Countries	235	(142)
Universities as a Source of Commercial Technology: A Detailed Analysis of University Patenting, 1965-1988	237	(24)
Rebecca Henderson
Adam B. Jaffe
Manuel Trajtenberg
Evidence from Patents and Patent Citations on the Impact of NASA and Other Federal Labs on Commercial Innovation	261	(26)
Adam B. Jaffe
Michael S. Fogarty
Bruce A. Banks
Reinventing Public R&D: Patent Policy and the Commercialization of National Laboratory Technologies	287	(50)
Adam B. Jaffe
Josh Lerner
Innovation in Israel 1968-1997: A Comparative Analysis Using Patent Data	337	(40)
Manuel Trajtenberg
IV The Patents and Citations Data: A Close-up	377	(84)
The Meaning of Patent Citations: Report on the NBER/Case-Western Reserve Survey of Patentees	379	(24)
Adam B. Jaffe
Manuel Trajtenberg
Michael S. Fogarty
The NBER Patent-Citations Data File: Lessons, Insights, and Methodological Tools	403	(58)
Bronwyn H. Hall
Adam B. Jaffe
Manuel Trajtenberg
Sources	461	(2)
Index	463