Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, 3rd Edition

by Editor: Carlton L. Gyles (University of Guelph); Editor: John F. Prescott (University of Guelph); Editor: Glenn Songer (Chair and Professor of the Dept of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State

• ISBN13: 9780813829395
• ISBN10: 0813829399
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-06-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

This much-anticipated third edition again consolidates the knowledge of more than twenty experts on pathogenesis of animal disease caused by various species or groups of bacteria. Emphasizing pathogenic events at the molecular and cellular levels, the editors and contributors place these developments in the context of the overall picture of disease. Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals, Third edition, updates and expands the content of the second edition and includes cutting-edge information from the most current research. Comments on previous editions: "...highly recommended." --The Veterinary Record "...a comprehensive, complete and easy-to-use source of information." --Veterinary Microbiology "...recommended for graduate students and specialists in microbiology, pathology and infectious disease." --U.S. Animal Health Association Newsletter "...a wonderful book." --Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association "...highly recommended." --The Cornell Veterinarian Graduate students, faculty, researchers, and specialists in microbiology, pathology, and infectious diseases will benefit from this highly-detailed and expanded edition of a popular and well-read veterinary text.

Author Biography

Carlton L. Gyles, DVM, MSc, PhD, is Professor of veterinary microbiology at Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

John F. Prescott, MA, Vet. MB, PhD, is Professor of veterinary microbiology at Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

J. Glenn Songer, PhD, is Professor of veterinary science and microbiology, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona.

Charles O. Thoen, DVM, PhD, is Chair and Professor of microbiology, immunology, and preventive medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xiii
Preface	xvii
1 Themes in Bacterial Pathogenic Mechanisms	3	(10)
C.L. Gyles and J.F. Prescott
Basic Steps in Pathogenesis Provide a Sound Foundation	3	(2)
Refining Concepts of Virulence	5	(1)
Critical Host-Bacteria Communication	6	(2)
Promise of Genomics	8	(1)
Evolution of Pathogens-Insights into the Road Ahead	9	(4)
2 Evolution of Bacterial Virulence	13	(10)
P. Boerlin
Population Structures and Genome Plasticity: Sex in Bacteria	14	(1)
Pathogenicity Islands: Not a Place for Fun	14	(1)
Illustrations of Virulence Evolution	15	(6)
Conclusion	21	(2)
3 Streptococcus	23	(20)
J.F. Timoney
Streptococcus agalactiae	23	(3)
Streptococcus dysgalactiae	26	(1)
Streptococcus equi	27	(4)
Streptococcus zooepidemicus	31	(1)
Streptococcus canis	32	(1)
Streptococcus suis	33	(2)
Streptococcus porcinus	35	(1)
Streptococcus uberis	36	(1)
Streptococcus pneumoniae	37	(1)
Conclusions	38	(5)
4 Staphylococcus	43	(14)
K. Hermans, L.A. Devriese, and F. Haesebrouck
Characteristics of the Organism	43	(1)
Pathogenic Staphylococcus Species	44	(1)
Sources of the Bacterium	45	(1)
Bacterial Virulence Factors	46	(2)
Pathogenesis	48	(1)
Types of Disease and Pathologic Changes	49	(1)
Interactions Between the Bacterium and Host Defenses	50	(1)
Immunity and Its Impact on Pathogenesis	51	(1)
Conclusions: New Developments	52	(5)
5 Bacillus anthracis	57	(12)
M.A. Weiner and T.C. Dixon
Epidemiology	57	(1)
Bacteriology	58	(2)
Pathogenesis	60	(3)
Therapeutics	63	(1)
Immunity and Control	64	(5)
6 Mycobacterium	69	(8)
C.O. Thoen and R.G. Barletta
Virulence	70	(1)
Host Response	70	(2)
Granulomatous Lesion Development	72	(5)
7 Corynebacterium and Arcanobacterium	77	(10)
B.H. Jost and S.J. Billington
Corynebacterium	77	(4)
Corynebacterium bovis	77	(1)
Corynebacterium kutscheri	77	(1)
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis	78	(2)
Corynebacterium renale, C. pilosum and C. cystitidis	80	(1)
Corynebacterium ulcerans	81	(1)
Arcanobacterium	81	(3)
Arcanobacterium pyogenes	81	(3)
Conclusions	84	(3)
8 Rhodococcus	87	(12)
J.F. Prescott, J. Ren, and C. Dupont
Characteristics and Sources of the Organism	87	(1)
Bacterial Virulence Factors	87	(2)
Pathogenesis	89	(6)
Gaps in Knowledge and Anticipated Developments	95	(4)
9 Listeria	99	(12)
C. Czuprynski
Characteristics of the Bacterium	99	(1)
Sources of the Bacterium	100	(1)
Bacterial Virulence Factors	101	(1)
Pathogenesis	102	(3)
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Listeriosis	105	(2)
Conclusions	107	(4)
10 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae	111	(6)
Y. Shimoji
Bacterial Virulence Factors	111	(1)
Diseases	112	(1)
Pathogenesis	112	(2)
Acquired Immunity	114	(1)
Conclusions	115	(2)
11 Neurotoxigenic Clostridia	117	(8)
R.H. Whitlock
Botulism	117	(1)
Characteristics of Clostridium botulinum	117	(1)
Pathogenesis of Botulism	118	(1)
Tetanus	119	(1)
Pathogenesis of Tetanus	119	(1)
Nature and Action of Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins	119	(1)
Immunity to Botulism and Tetanus	120	(1)
Conclusion	121	(4)
12 Histotoxic Clostridia	125	(6)
J.G. Songer
Virulence Factors and Pathogenesis	125	(3)
Conclusion	128	(3)
13 Enteric Clostridia	131	(12)
J.G. Songer
Clostridium perfringens	131	(5)
Clostridium septicum	136	(1)
Clostridium difficile	136	(2)
Clostridium spiroforme	138	(1)
Conclusion	138	(5)
14 Salmonella	143	(26)
S.J. Libby, T.A. Halsey, C. Altier, J. Potter, and C.L. Gyles
Classification and Nomenclature	143	(1)
Biochemical Characteristics and Bacterial Isolation	144	(1)
Host Specificity	144	(1)
Diseases Caused by Salmonella	145	(3)
Virulence Factors	148	(5)
Pathogenesis	153	(5)
Immunity	158	(2)
Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence	160	(1)
Concluding Remarks	160	(9)
15 E. coli Shigella	169	(24)
T. Adam and C.L. Gyles
Disease	170	(1)
Shigellosis in Animals	170	(1)
Virulence Factors of E. coli Shigella	171	(3)
Plasmids	174	(3)
Pathogenesis of Shigellosis	177	(4)
Immunity	181	(3)
Toxins	184	(1)
Concluding Remarks	184	(9)
16 Escherichia coli	193	(32)
C.L. Gyles and J.M. Fairbrother
Types of E. coli Implicated in Disease	194	(1)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)	194	(5)
Pathogenesis	199	(3)
Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coil (STEC)	202	(4)
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)	206	(1)
Pathogenesis	206	(2)
Extraintestinal E. coli (ExPEC)	208	(5)
Immunity	213	(1)
Concluding Remarks	214	(11)
17 Actinobacillus	225	(18)
J.I. Machines and J.T. Bosse
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae	225	(7)
Actinobacillus suis	232	(1)
Actinobacillus equuli	233	(1)
Actinobacillus lignieresii	234	(1)
Conclusions and Future Prospects	235	(8)
18 Haemophilus	243	(16)
T.J. Inzana and L. Corbeil
Characteristics	243	(1)
Habitat and Transmission	244	(1)
Haemophilus somnus	245	(6)
Haemophilus parasuis	251	(1)
Haemophilus paragallinarum	252	(1)
Conclusions	253	(6)
19 Bordetella	259	(14)
D.A. Bemis and B. Fenwick
Characteristics of the Organism	259	(1)
Sources of the Bacterium	260	(1)
Bacterial Virulence Factors	260	(3)
Pathogenesis	263	(3)
Immunity	266	(1)
Conclusion	267	(6)
20 Pasteurella and Mannheimia	273	(22)
J.D. Boyce, R.Y.C. Lo, I. Wilkie, and B. Adler
Pasteurella	273	(5)
Diseases/Economic Impact	273	(1)
Taxonomy, Nomenclature, and Typing	273	(1)
Sources of the Bacteria	274	(1)
Bacterial Virulence Factors	275	(1)
Pathogenesis and Pathology	276	(1)
Immunity	277	(1)
Conclusions	278	(1)
Mannheimia	278	(17)
Characteristics of the Organism	279	(1)
Sources of the Bacterium	279	(1)
Bacterial Virulence Factors	279	(4)
Pathogenesis	283	(1)
Interactions Between the Bacterium and Host Defenses	283	(1)
Immunity	284	(1)
Conclusion	285	(10)
21 Yersinia	295	(14)
J. Mecsas and R. Chafel
Classification of Yersinia Species	295	(1)
Sources of Yersinia Species	296	(2)
Virulence Factors	298	(4)
Pathogenesis	302	(3)
Immunity	305	(1)
Future Directions	305	(4)
22 Brucella	309	(12)
S.C. Olsen, C.O. Thoen, and N.F. Cheville
Virulence	309	(2)
Disease	311	(1)
Brucella abortus	312	(1)
Brucella melitensis	313	(1)
Brucella ovis	313	(1)
Brucella suis	313	(1)
Brucella canis	314	(1)
Host Response	314	(1)
Disease Control	315	(6)
23 Pseudomonas	321	(22)
M. Matewish and J.S. Lam
Diseases	321	(1)
Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa	322	(7)
Antibiotic Resistance	329	(1)
"Genome-Mining" for Essential Genes	330	(1)
Pathogenesis	330	(2)
Vaccines	332	(1)
Conclusions and Future Prospects	333	(10)
24 Moraxella	343	(10)
W.P. Michalski and J.L. Farn
Characteristics of the Organism	343	(1)
Characteristics of M. bovis	343	(3)
Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) or Pinkeye	346	(7)
25 Campylobacter and Helicobacter	353	(10)
L.A. Joens
Campylobacter	353	(4)
Campylobacter fetus	353	(1)
Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli	354	(3)
Camp ylobacter upsaliensis, C. hyointestinalis, and C. mucosalis	357	(1)
Helicobacter	357	(7)
Helicobacter hepaticus and H. bilis	357	(1)
Helicobacter pylori	358	(5)
26 Lawsonia intracellularis	363	(10)
C.J. Gebhart and R.M.C. Guedes
Characteristics of L. intracellularis	364	(1)
Sources of L. intracellularis	365	(1)
Virulence Factors	365	(1)
Pathogenesis	366	(3)
Conclusion	369	(4)
27 Gram-Negative Anaerobes	373	(12)
D.J. Hampson, T.G. Nagaraja, and N.B. Buller
General Bacterial Virulence Factors	373	(1)
Bacteroides	373	(1)
Fusobacterium	374	(3)
Prevotella and Porphyromonas	377	(1)
Dichelobacter	377	(2)
Treponema	379	(1)
Brachyspira	379	(2)
Overall Conclusions and Future Work	381	(4)
28 Leptospira	385	(12)
B. Adler and A. de la Pena-Moctezuma
Introduction and Historical Perspectives	385	(1)
Characteristics of the Organism	385	(2)
Sources of the Bacterium	387	(1)
Bacterial Virulence Factors	388	(2)
Pathogenesis	390	(2)
Conclusions	392	(5)
29 Mycoplasma	397	(18)
K.L. Whithear and G.F. Browning
Characteristics of the Organism	397	(1)
Sources of the Bacterium	397	(1)
Bacterial Virulence Factors	398	(2)
Pathogenesis	400	(4)
Interactions	404	(4)
Protective Immunity	408	(2)
Conclusions and Future Directions	410	(5)
30 Chlamydia	415	(10)
A.A. Andersen
Classification	415	(1)
Hosts and Kinds of Disease	415	(1)
Life Cycle	416	(1)
Host Response	417	(1)
Diseases	418	(1)
Pathogenesis	419	(6)
31 Rickettsiales	425	(13)
S. Harrus, T. Waner, S. Mahan, and H. Bark
Characteristics of Rickettsial Organisms	425	(1)
Animal Rickettsial Pathogens-Family Anaplasmataceae	426	(10)
Animal Rickettsial Pathogens-Family Rickettsiaceae	436	(2)
Conclusion	438	(7)
Index	445