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Introduction: How to Use This Book Henry Louis Gates Jr., “What’s in a Name?” Responding to an Essay Responding to Other Kinds of Texts
PART ONE: The Writing Process Chapter 1: Reading to Write: Becoming a Critical Reader Understanding Critical Reading Determining Your Purpose CHECKLIST: Questions about Your Purpose Previewing HighlightingBrent Staples, Cutting and Pasting: A Senior Thesis by (Insert Name) Moisés Naím, The YouTube Effect AnnotatingCHECKLIST: Questions for Critical Reading Brent Staples, Cutting and Pasting: A Senior Thesis by (Insert Name) (with sampleannotations) Reading Visual Texts CHECKLIST: Reading Visual Texts
Chapter 2: Invention Understanding Your Assignment Setting Limits Length Purpose Audience Occasion Knowledge CHECKLIST: Setting Limits Moving from Subject to Topic Questions for Probing CHECKLIST: Questions for Probing Freewriting A Student Writer: Freewriting Finding Something to Say Brainstorming A Student Writer: Brainstorming Journal Writing A Student Writer: Journal Writing Grouping Ideas Clustering A Student Writer: Clustering Making an Informal Outline A Student Writer: Making an Informal Outline Understanding Thesis and Support Developing a Thesis Defining the Thesis Statement Deciding on a Thesis Stating Your Thesis Implying a Thesis A Student Writer: Developing a Thesis CHECKLIST: Stating Your Thesis
Chapter 3: Arrangement Recognizing a Pattern CHECKLIST: Recognizing a Pattern Understanding the Parts of the Essay The Introduction CHECKLIST: What Not to Do in an Introduction The Body Paragraphs CHECKLIST: Effective Support The Conclusion CHECKLIST: What Not to Do in a Conclusion Constructing a Formal Outline CHECKLIST: Constructing a Formal Outline A Student Writer: Constructing a Formal Outline
Chapter 4: Drafting and Revising Writing Your First Draft CHECKLIST: Drafting A Student Writer: Writing a First Draft Revising Your Essay Revising with an Outline Revising with a Checklist CHECKLIST: Revising Revising with Your Instructor’s Written Comments Revising in a Conference Revising in a Peer-Editing Group CHECKLIST: Guidelines for Peer Editing Strategies for Revising A Student Writer: Revising a First Draft Peer Editing Worksheet Points for Special Attention: First Draft The Introduction The Body Paragraphs The Conclusion A Student Writer: Revising a Second Draft Points for Special Attention: Second Draft The Introduction The Body Paragraphs The Conclusion Working with Sources The Title A Student Writer: Preparing a Final Draft SAMPLE STUDENT ESSAY: Laura Bobnak, The Price of Silence (Student Essay)
Chapter 5: Editing and Proofreading Editing for Grammar Be Sure Subjects and Verbs Agree Be Sure Verb Tenses Are Accurate and Consistent Be Sure Pronoun References Are Clear Be Sure Sentences Are Complete Be Careful Not to Run Sentences Together without Proper Punctuation Be Careful to Avoid Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers Be Sure Sentence Elements Are Parallel CHECKLIST: Editing for Grammar Editing for Punctuation Learn When to Use Commas — and When Not to Use Them Learn When to Use Semicolons Learn When to Use Apostrophes Learn When to Use Quotation Marks Learn When to Use Dashes and Colons CHECKLIST: Editing for Punctuation Editing for Sentence Style and Word Choice Eliminate Awkward Phrasing Be Sure Your Sentences Are Concise Be Sure Your Sentences Are Varied Choose Your Words Carefully CHECKLIST: Editing for Sentence Style and Word Choice Proofreading Your Essay Check for Commonly Confused Words Check for Misspellings and Faulty Capitalization Check for Typos CHECKLIST: Proofreading Checking Your Paper’s Format CHECKLIST: Checking Your Paper’s Format
PART TWO: Readings for Writers
Chapter 6: Narration What Is Narration? Using Narration Planning a Narrative Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Including Enough Detail Varying Sentence Structure Maintaining Clear Narrative OrderStructuring a Narrative Essay Revising a Narrative Essay REVISION CHECKLIST: Narration Editing a Narrative Essay GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Avoiding Run-Ons EDITING CHECKLIST: NarrationA Student Writer: Literacy Narrative Erica Sarno, Becoming a Writer (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision A Student Writer: Narration Tiffany Forte, My Field of Dreams (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision PEER EDITING WORKSHEET: Narration Visual Text: Marjane Satrapi, from Persepolis II (Graphic Fiction) Junot Díaz, The Money *Hanif Abdurraqib, My First Police StopBonnie Smith-Yackel, My Mother Never Worked Martin Gansberg, Thirty-Eight Who Saw Murder Didn’t Call the Police George Orwell, Shooting an Elephant *Alberto Alvaro Rios, The Secret Lion (Fiction)*Joy Harjo, An American Sunrise (Poetry)Writing Assignments for Narration Collaborative Activity for Narration
Chapter 7: Description What Is Description?Using Description Understanding Objective Description CHECKLIST: Using Visuals Effectively Understanding Subjective Description Using Objective and Subjective Language Selecting Details Planning a Descriptive Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Organizing Details Using Transitions Structuring a Descriptive Essay Revising a Descriptive Essay REVISION CHECKLIST: Description Editing a Descriptive Essay GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Avoiding Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers EDITING CHECKLIST: Description A Student Writer: Objective Description Mallory Cogan, My Grandfather’s Globe (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision A Student Writer: Subjective Description Mary Lim, The Valley of Windmills (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Peer-Editing Worksheet: Description Visual Text: Ansel Adams, Jackson Lake (Photo) Bich Minh Nguyen, Goodbye to My Twinkie Days *Trevor Noah, Soweto Marina Keegan, Stability in Motion Heather Rogers, The Hidden Life of Garbage *Jonathan Ababiy, How the Other Half LivedKate Chopin, The Storm (Fiction)
Chapter 8: Exemplification What Is Exemplification? Using Exemplification Using Examples to Explain and Clarify Using Examples to Add Interest Using Examples to Persuade Planning an Exemplification Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Providing Enough Examples Choosing a Fair Range of Examples Using Transitions Structuring an Exemplification Essay Revising an Exemplification Essay REVISION CHECKLIST: Exemplification Editing an Exemplification Essay GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Using Commas in a Series EDITING CHECKLIST: Exemplification A Student Writer: Exemplification Kristy Bredin, Job Application Letter (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision A Student Writer: Exemplification *Zoe Goldfarb, Food Insecurity on Campus (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Peer-Editing Worksheet: Exemplification *Visual Texts: Four Inventions *Olivia Goldhill, Should Driverless Cars Kill Their Own Passengers to Save a Pedestrian?Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria Brent Staples, Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space *Farhad Manjoo, Call Me “They”Maia Szalavitz, Ten Ways We Get the Odds Wrong Jamaica Kincaid, “Girl” (Fiction) Writing Assignments for Exemplification Collaborative Activity for Exemplification
Chapter 9: Process What Is Process? Understanding Instructions Understanding Process Explanations Using Process Planning a Process Essay Accommodating Your Audience Developing a Thesis Statement Using Transitions Structuring a Process Essay Revising a Process Essay REVISION CHECKLIST: Process Editing a Process Essay GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Avoiding Unnecessary Shifts EDITING CHECKLIST: Process A Student Writer: Instructions *Mya Nunnally, Steps to the Dream (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision A Student Writer: Process Explanation Melany Hunt, Medium Ash Brown (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Peer Editing Worksheet: Process Visual Text: National Geographic, Yellowstone Fires, Past and Future (Illustrations) Naomi Rosenberg, How to Tell a Mother Her Child Is Dead *Roger Spranz, How to Make a Waste Pie Chart*Brad Plumer and Ruairi Arrieta-Kenna, How Do Hurricanes Form? A Step-by-Step Guide*Eugene Kiely and Lori Robertson, How to Spot Fake NewsJessica Mitford, The Embalming of Mr. Jones Shirley Jackson, The Lottery (Fiction)
Chapter 10: Cause and EffectWhat Is Cause and Effect? Using Cause and Effect Understanding Main and Contributory Causes Understanding Immediate and Remote Causes Understanding Causal Chains Avoiding Post Hoc Reasoning Planning a Cause-and-Effect Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Arranging Causes and Effects Using Transitions Structuring a Cause-and-Effect Essay Finding Causes Describing or Predicting Effects Revising a Cause-and-Effect Essay REVISION CHECKLIST: Cause and Effect Editing a Cause-and-Effect Essay GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Avoiding “The reason is because”; Using Affect and EffectCorrectly EDITING CHECKLIST: Cause and Effect A Student Writer: Cause and Effect Evelyn Pellicane, The Irish Famine (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Peer-Editing Worksheet: Cause and Effect Visual Text: Jeffrey Coolidge, Rube Goldberg Machine (Photo) *Ray Fisman and Michael Luca, Did Free Pens Cause the Opioid Crisis?Maggie Koerth-Baker, Why Rational People Buy into Conspiracy Theories *Arthur W. Lambert, What Causes Cancer? It’s ComplicatedLinda M. Hasselstrom, A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun Karen Miller Pensiero, Photos That Change History *Martin Espada, Why I Went to College (Poetry)
Chapter 11: Comparison and Contrast What Is Comparison and Contrast? Using Comparison and Contrast Planning a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay Recognizing Comparison-and-Contrast Assignments Establishing a Basis for Comparison Selecting Points for Discussion Developing a Thesis Statement Structuring a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay Using Subject-by-Subject Comparison Using Point-by-Point Comparison Using Transitions Revising a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay REVISION CHECKLIST: Comparison and Contrast Editing a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Using Parallelism EDITING CHECKLIST: Comparison and Contrast A Student Writer: Subject-by-Subject Comparison Mark Cotharn, Brains versus Brawn (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision A Student Writer: Point-by-Point Comparison Maria Tecson, A Comparison of Two Websites on Attention Deficit Disorder (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Peer-Editing Worksheet: Comparison and Contrast Visual Texts: Auguste Rodin, The Kiss, and Robert Indiana, LOVE (Sculptures)*Robert Weiss, Closer Together or Further Apart: Digital Devices and the New Generation GapAmy Chua, Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior Ellen Laird, I’m Your Teacher, Not Your Internet-Service Provider Deborah Tannen, Sex, Lies, and Conversation Isabel Wilkerson, Emmett Till and Tamir Rice, Sons of the Great Migration*Steven Conn, The Twin Revolutions of Lincoln and Darwin William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? (Poetry) Writing Assignments for Comparison-Contrast Collaborative Activity for Comparison-Contrast
Chapter 12: Classification and Division What Is Classification and Division? Understanding Classification Understanding Division Using Classification and Division Planning a Classification-and-Division Essay Selecting and Arranging Categories Developing a Thesis Statement CHECKLIST: Establishing Categories Using Transitions Structuring a Classification-and-Division Essay Revising a Classification-and-Division Essay REVISION CHECKLIST: Classification and Division Editing a Classification-and-Division Essay GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Using a Colon to Introduce Your Categories Editing Checklist: Classification and Division A Student Writer: Classification and Division Josie Martinez, What I Learned (and Didn’t Learn) in College (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Peer-Editing Worksheet: Classification and Division *Visual Text: Matt Groening, The 9 Types of College Teachers (Cartoon) *Mindy Kaling, Flick Chicks Carolyn Foster Segal, The Dog Ate My Tablet, and Other Tales of Woe Amy Tan, Mother Tongue Stephanie Ericsson, The Ways We Lie Amy Lowell, Patterns (Poetry) Writing Assignments for Classification and Division Collaborative Activity for Classification and Division
Chapter 13: Definition What Is Definition? Understanding Formal Definitions Understanding Extended Definitions Using Definition Planning a Definition Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Deciding on a Pattern of Development Structuring a Definition Essay Revising a Definition Essay REVISION CHECKLIST: Definition Editing a Definition Essay GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Avoiding is when and is where EDITING CHECKLIST: Definition A Student Writer: Definition Ajoy Mahtab, The Untouchable (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Peer-Editing Worksheet: Definition *Visual Text: Allson Bechdel, The Rule (Cartoon) Judy Brady, I Want a Wife José Antonio Burciaga, Tortillas *Virginia Foxx, What Education Really MeansEmily Dickinson, “Hope” is the thing with feathers (Poetry) Writing Assignments for Definition Collaborative Activity for Definition
Chapter 14: Argumentation What Is Argumentation?Understanding Argumentation and Persuasion Planning an Argumentative Essay Choosing a Topic Developing a Thesis Analyzing Your Audience Gathering and Documenting Evidence Dealing with the Opposition Understanding Rogerian Argument CHECKLIST: Guidelines for Using Rogerian Argument Using Deductive and Inductive Arguments Using Deductive Arguments Using Inductive Arguments Using Toulmin Logic Recognizing Fallacies Using Transitions Structuring an Argumentative Essay Revising an Argumentative Essay REVISION CHECKLIST: Argumentation Editing an Argumentative Essay GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Using Coordinating and Subordinating Conjunctions EDITING CHECKLIST: Argumentation A Student Writer: Argumentation Marta Ramos, Just Say No (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Peer-Editing Worksheet: Argumentation Visual Text: StopTextsStopWrecks.org, You Don’t Want Them Responding to Your Text (Ad) Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence Rachel Carson, The Obligation to Endure Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail *· DEBATE: Should Federal Student Loans Be Forgiven? *Mary Clare Anselem, No, Your Student Loans Should Not Be Forgiven*Eric Levitz, We Must Cancel Everyone’s Student Debt, for the Economy’s Sake*· DEBATE: Can Individuals Actually Do Anything to Prevent Climate Change?*Leor Hackel and Gregg Sparkman, Reducing Your Carbon Footprint Still Matters*Natasha Geiling, The Only Individual Action that Matters is Voting for People Who Care About Climate Change*· CASEBOOK: Is Free Speech on Campus in Peril? Geoffrey R. Stone, Free Expression in Peril? *Laura Beth Neilson, The Case for Restricting Hate SpeechSophie Downes, Trigger Warnings, Safe Spaces, and Free Speech, Too *Shannon Paulus, The Latest Study on Trigger Warnings Finally Convinced Me That They’re Not Worth It*VISUAL: Freedom of Speech*· CASEBOOK: How Can We Stem the Tide of Gun Violence?*German Lopez, Guns Are the Problem*Gregory/Wilson, Six Real Ways We Can Reduce Gun Violence in America*William V. Glastris Jr, A Real Long-Term Solution to Gun Violence*Clifton Leaf, How Australia All But Ended Gun Violence*VISUAL: The Ghastlygun Tinies from MAD Magazine
Chapter 15: Combining the Patterns Structuring an Essay by Combining the Patterns Combining the Patterns: Revising and Editing GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT: Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns A Student Writer: Combining the Patterns Michael Huu Truong, The Park (Student Essay) Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Peer-Editing Worksheet: Combining the Patterns Lars Eighner, On Dumpster Diving *Olivia Judson, Long Live the AlbatrossDavid Kirby, Inked Well Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal Writing Assignments for Combining the PatternsCollaborative Activity for Combining the Patterns
PART THREE: Working with Sources Chapter 16: Finding and Evaluating Sources Finding Information in the Library Finding Information on the Internet Finding Useful Information Evaluating Sources
Chapter 17: Integrating Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism Paraphrasing Summarizing Quoting Integrating Source Material into Your Writing Synthesizing Avoiding Plagiarism Avoiding Common Errors That Lead to Plagiarism Avoiding Plagiarism with Online Sources
Chapter 18: Documenting Sources: MLA Parenthetical References in the Text The Works-Cited List Articles Books Internet Sources Other Internet Sources Other Nonprint Sources Model Student Research Paper in MLA Style Philip Lau, The Limitations of Wikipedia (Student Essay in MLA Style) Appendix: Documenting Sources: APA Using Parenthetical References Examples of APA Citations Periodicals Books Internet Sources Model Student Paper in APA Style Philip Lau, The Limitations of Wikipedia (Student Essay in APA Style) Glossary Index
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.