Paul's Letter to the Romans

by Kruse, Colin G.

• ISBN13: 9780802837431
• ISBN10: 0802837433
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-06-30
• Publisher: Eerdmans Pub Co

Summary

The Pillar New Testament Commentary, designed for serious readers of the Bible, seeks above all to make clear the meaning of the text of Scripture as we have it. Writers of the PNTC volumes interact with the most important, informed contemporary debate yet avoid undue technical detail. Their ideal is a blend of rigorous exegesis and exposition, scholarship and pastoral sensitivity, with an eye alert both to biblical theology and to the contemporary relevance of the Bible.

Table of Contents

Editor's Preface	p. xiv
Author's Preface	p. xvi
Abbreviations	p. xviii
Bibliography	p. xxiii
Introduction
Rome and Its Population	p. 1
Christians In Rome	p. 2
Paul's Situation: A Scenario	p. 3
Romans: A Summary of the Content	p. 4
The Purpose of Romans	p. 6
Rhetorical Matters	p. 11
Authorship, Place, and Date of Writing	p. 12
The Integrity of Romans	p. 13
The Influence of 'The New Perspective'	p. 14
Theological Themes	p. 22
Commentary
Letter Introduction, 1:1-17	p. 35
Greetings, 1:1-7	p. 35
Additional Note: Paul's Use of Credal Material in 1:3-4	p. 47
Additional Note: Paul's Apostleship	p. 56
Paul's Prayer and Purpose for Writing, 1:8-17	p. 57
Additional Note: From Faith to Faith	p. 75
Additional Note: The Righteousness of God	p. 79
Exposition and Defense of the Gospel, 1:18-11:36	p. 81
Humanity under the Power of Sin and Exposed to Wrath, 1:18-3:20	p. 82
Primary Focus on the Sins of the Gentile World, 1:18-32	p. 82
Humanity's Rejection of the Revelation of God in Nature, 1:18-23	p. 86
Additional Note: The Wrath of God	p. 90
Additional Note: Natural Theology	p. 93
The Divine Reaction to Human Rejection, 1:24-32	p. 98
Additional Note: The Nature of the Homosexual Practice Condemned by Paul	p. 109
Additional Note: Paul's Depiction of the Gentile World	p. 115
Primary Focus on the Sins of the Jewish World, 2:1-3:20	p. 117
God Shows No Favoritism, 2:1-16	p. 117
Additional Note: The Use of Physei in 2:14	p. 135
Additional Note: Gentiles Who Do the Things Required by the Law	p. 136
Additional Note: Conscience	p. 141
Additional Note: Justification for the Doers	p. 142
Having the Law and Circumcision Provides No Immunity, 2:17-29	p. 144
Bragging about the law while failing to obey it, 2:17-24	p. 145
True circumcision, 2:25-29	p. 152
God's Faithfulness Is Not Nullified by Jewish Unbelief, 3:1-20	p. 157
Five rhetorical questions, 3:1-9	p. 158
Additional Note: Life under Sin	p. 164
Scriptural support, 3:10-18	p. 165
Additional Note: Paul's Use of Scripture in the Catena	p. 167
Concluding statement, 3:19-20	p. 170
Additional Note: The Works of the Law	p. 173
God's Saving Righteousness Revealed, 3:21-4:25	p. 176
The Righteousness of God Revealed, 3:21-31	p. 176
The Heart of the Gospel, 3:21-26	p. 177
Additional Note: Grace (Charis)	p. 185
Additional Note: Hilasterion	p. 188
Jewish Boasting Is Excluded, 3:27-31	p. 193
Additional Note: Nomos in 3:27	p. 195
Additional Note: Justification	p. 200
God's Dealings with Abraham, 4:1-25	p. 201
God Justifies Abraham apart from Works, 4:1-8	p. 202
God Credits Righteousness to Abraham without Circumcision, 4:9-12	p. 208
God Makes Abraham the Inheritor of the World without the Law, 4:13-17a	p. 211
The Essential Nature of Abraham's Faith, 4:17b-22	p. 216
The Relevance of God's Dealings with Abraham for All Believers, 4:23-25	p. 219
Justification Brings Freedom and Hope, 5:1-8:39	p. 224
Justified by Faith, 5:1-11	p. 224
The Benefits of Justification, 5:1-2	p. 225
Additional Note: The Glory in Store for Believers	p. 228
Rejoicing Even in Suffering, 5:3-5	p. 229
God's Love Demonstrated in Christ's Death for Us, 5:6-11	p. 233
The Humanity-Wide Effects of the Actions of Adam and Christ, 5:12-21	p. 239
Additional Note: The Nature of Death That Entered the World through Sin	p. 242
Additional Note: Adam's Sin in Jewish Literature	p. 255
Freedom from Sin's Dominion, 6:1-23	p. 257
Dying and Rising with Christ, 6:1-14	p. 257
Additional Note: Baptism in the Pauline Corpus	p. 270
Additional Note: Dying and Rising with Christ	p. 272
Slaves of Christ, 6:15-23	p. 279
Additional Note: Eternal Life in the Pauline Corpus	p. 287
Freedom from the Law, 7:1-25	p. 288
Freed from the Law to Bear Fruit for God, 7:1-6	p. 288
Sin, Not the Law, Is to Blame for the Human Predicament, 7:7-25	p. 297
Israel's historical encounter with the law, 7:7-13	p. 299
Israel's ongoing experience of living under the law, 7:14-20	p. 304
Paid's conclusions about Israel, sin, and the law, 7:21-25	p. 308
Additional Note: Classical Parallels regarding Moral Weakness	p. 312
Additional Note: The Identity of the æIÆ in 7:7-25	p. 314
Life in the Spirit, 8:1-13	p. 321
The Spirit of Adoption, 8:14-17	p. 336
Present Suffering and Future Glory, 8:18-30	p. 341
The Groaning and Renewal of Creation, 8:19-22	p. 342
Additional Note: Creation's Bondage to Corruption and Liberation	p. 346
The Groaning and Redemption of Believers, 8:23-25	p. 349
The Groaning of the Holy Spirit as He Intercedes for Believers, 8:26-27	p. 351
God Works All Things Together for Good for Those Who Love Him, 8:28-30	p. 353
The Emotive Climax - If God Be for Us, Who Can Be against Us? 8:31-39	p. 358
Additional Note: Hope in the Pauline Corpus	p. 365
Israel and the Purposes of God, 9:1-11:36	p. 366
Paul's Concern for Israel and Her Privileges, 9:1-5	p. 367
Israel and God's Election, 9:6-29	p. 374
God's Word Has Not Failed, 9:6-13	p. 374
Is God Unjust? 9:14-18	p. 380
Why Does God Still Blame Us? 9:19-21	p. 383
God Has the Right to Exercise His Prerogative, 9:22-29	p. 385
Additional Note: Predestination in Romans - Corporate or Individual?	p. 391
Jewish Responsibility for Failure to Embrace the Gospel, 9:30-10:21	p. 392
Why Israel Did Not Attain the Righteousness She Pursued, 9:30-10:4	p. 393
Additional Note: Zeal in Israel and in Paul	p. 398
Additional Note: Telos Nomou	p. 402
The Testimony of the Law to Faith, 10:5-13	p. 405
Additional Note: Paul's Use of the Old Testament in 10:6-8	p. 413
Additional Note: The Meaning of Salvation in Romans	p. 415
Has Israel Not Heard? 10:14-21	p. 416
Has God Rejected Israel? 11:1-36	p. 421
The Significance of the Remnant, 11:1-10	p. 421
Israel Stumbled, but Her Fall Is Not Irrevocable, 11:11-36	p. 427
Israel's transgression means salvation for the Gentiles, 11:11-15	p. 427
Additional Note: Israel's Jealousy	p. 431
The lump of dough and the olive tree, 11:16-24	p. 432
Additional Note: Paul's Olive Tree Analogy	p. 439
The mystery: The final salvation of 'all Israel', 11:25-32	p. 441
Additional Note: 'All Israel Will Be Saved'	p. 448
Additional Note: A Contradiction between 9:6-13 and 11:25-32?	p. 451
Additional Note: A Special Way of Salvation for Israel (11:1-32)?	p. 453
Doxology, 11:33-36	p. 456
The Ethical Outworking of the Gospel, 12:1-15:13	p. 460
The Basis of Paul's Ethical Appeal, 12:1-2	p. 460
The Believers' Relationships with Others, 12:3-21	p. 466
Using Different Gifts for the Benefit of the Christian Community, 12:3-8	p. 467
Enhancing Relationships within the Christian Community, 12:9-13	p. 474
Additional Note: Hospitality	p. 478
Relationships without and within the Christian Community, 12:14-16	p. 479
Responding to Hostile People and Their Hostile Acts, 12:17-21	p. 481
Additional Note: The Relationship between Pauline Ethics and Stoic Teaching	p. 486
Christians and the Roman Authorities, 13:1-7	p. 489
Love Fulfills the Law, 13:8-10	p. 500
Living in the Light of the Coming of the Day, 13:11-14	p. 503
Additional Note: Paul's Uses of the Clothing Metaphor	p. 507
Instructions for the 'Weak' and the 'Strong': Accept One Another, 14:1-15:13	p. 508
Additional Note: The 'Weak' and the 'Strong'	p. 509
Accept Those Who Are Weak in Faith, 14:1-12	p. 510
The Matter of Eating All Foods, 14:1-4	p. 510
Additional Note: Faith and Conscience	p. 514
The Matter of Observing Special Days, 14:5-8	p. 514
We Will All Stand before God's Judgment Seat, 14:9-12	p. 517
No Passing Judgment and No Placing Stumbling Blocks, 14:13-23	p. 519
The 'Strong' to Bear the Failings of the 'Weak', 15:1-6	p. 526
Accept One Another, 15:7-13	p. 531
Paul's Ministry and Future Plans, 15:14-33	p. 535
Paul Affirms the Roman Believers and Explains the Nature of His Ministry, 15:14-16	p. 535
Paul's Pride in What Christ Has Wrought through Him, 15:17-21	p. 539
Paul's Long-Held Desire and Present Plan to Visit Rome en Route to Spain, 15:22-33	p. 543
Paul's Plan to Visit Rome en Route to Spain, 15:22-24	p. 543
Paul's Collection Visit to Jerusalem prior to His Trip to Rome, 15:25-29	p. 545
Paul's Appeal for the Roman Believers' Support in Prayer, 15:30-33	p. 549
Conclusion, 16:1-27	p. 552
Commendation of Phoebe, 16:1-2	p. 552
Greetings for Twenty-Six Named Individuals, 16:3-16	p. 557
Additional Note: Junia or Junias?	p. 563
Additional Note: 'Well Known among', or 'Well Known to', the Apostles?	p. 565
Additional Note: Kissing	p. 573
Additional Note: The Twenty-Six Named individuals in Romans 16:3-15	p. 574
Warning, Exhortation, and Affirmation, 16:17-20	p. 575
Greetings from Eight of Paul's Associates, 16:21-23	p. 581
Additional Note: The Erastus of 16:23 and the Erastus of the Inscription	p. 585
Concluding Doxology, 16:25-27	p. 587
Indexes
Subjects	p. 590
Modern Authors	p. 600
Scripture References	p. 606
Extrabiblical Literature	p. 623
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