Jarat Chopra outlines the limitations of traditional peacekeeping principles reliant on the increasingly questionable consent of belligerents and traces the evolution of the political, administrative, legal and judicial ingredients of international authority.

Preface

xi

Acronyms

xvi

PART I Introduction

1

(18)

Peace-maintenance

3

(16)

Diplomatic peacekeeping and military peace--enforcement

4

(4)

Political Peace-maintenance

8

(5)

Operational Peace-maintenance

13

(4)

A unified concept

17

(2)

PART II The evolution of international political authority

19

(102)

International political development

21

(16)

Complexity

23

(5)

Stages of political development

28

(3)

Controlling political development

31

(4)

Peace-maintenance transitions

35

(2)

International civil administration

37

(17)

Constitutive experiments

37

(5)

Constructive experiments

42

(4)

Consolidative experiments

46

(3)

Peace-maintenance administration

49

(5)

International rules of law

54

(32)

Individual criminality

57

(4)

Crimes against peace

61

(2)

Crimes against humanity

63

(11)

War crimes

74

(4)

Crimes against the United Nations

78

(5)

A Peace-maintenance criminal code

83

(3)

International means of order

86

(35)

Universal prosecution by an International Criminal Court

87

(3)

Ad hoc prosecution for partitioned Yugoslavia

90

(15)

Special prosecution in factional Cambodia

105

(6)

Non--prosecution of authoritarian El Salvador

111

(3)

Peace-maintenance law enforcement

114

(7)

PART III The evolution of Peace-maintenance

121

(64)

Peace-maintenance in anarchical Somalia

123

(38)

United Nations use of force

125

(7)

Somalia's political anarchy

132

(8)

Conditions for ordering anarchy

140

(5)

Ingredients of peace-maintenance

145

(6)

Missing the political link

151

(10)

Peace-maintenance in divided Western Sahara

161

(24)

Conditions of Stalemate

162

(4)

Fractured political will

166

(8)

Unaccountable proximity talks

174

(4)

Guaranteeing agreed terms

178

(3)

Legitimacy and effectiveness

181

(4)

PART IV Conclusion

185

(14)

Peace-maintenance puzzles

187

(12)

The feasibility of Peace-maintenance

188

(2)

The temporal question

190

(2)

The dilemma of selectivity

192

(1)

The UN's capability

193

(2)

The moral dimension

195

(2)

The violence of non--intervention

197

(2)

Notes

199

(28)

Select bibliography

227

(14)

Index

241

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