The answers to all these questions is The Pearl, A Handbook for Orthodox Converts, a beautifully written, meticulously edited and user-friendly text for all ages 16 and up.
The loss of a Christian vision
-- The birth of a Relativistic Age
-- The Protestant experience
-- The Roman Catholic Church
-- The Church of the Apostles and Martyrs
-- The Collegial Tradition
-- Augustinianism -- The Great Divide
-- Scholasticism and Rationalism
-- The loss of Christian Hellenism
-- The Divine Liturgy
-- The Icon
-- Frequently asked questions from Roman Catholics
-- Frequently asked questions from Protestants
-- The Orthodox Church comes to North Americ