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9780470930489

Pediatric Drug Development : Concepts and Applications

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780470930489

  • ISBN10:

    0470930489

  • Format: eBook
  • Copyright: 2010-08-01
  • Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
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Summary

The first comprehensive treatmentof this vital topic

For decades, the specific needs of infants, children, and adolescents have been largely ignored in the drug development process, and healthcare providers have most often had to make do with "pediatric dosing" of drugs that were developed and intended for adults. Now, an awareness of the differences between the pediatric patient and the adult patient have begun to be realized and addressed by the pharmaceutical and wider healthcare industries, as well as the governmental and regulatory bodies that sanction the development and testing of drugs for children.

This is the first book to provide a comprehensive treatment of pediatric drug development. Written by a team of experts, it provides industry, academia, and governmental agencies with an understanding of how to properly develop drugs for children without compromising business objectives. The authors address the scientific differences between the pediatric and adult subject in the development of pharmaceutical products. They discuss and consider: ethics—from product concept to production; specific medical needs of children; business rationale for the proper development of drugs for children; and the technical feasibility of studies and processes that are necessary for a proper pediatric drug development program.

The book clearly explains the challenges and opportunities facing the entire healthcare community as it strives to improve the health of children worldwide. It demonstrates how these approaches will benefit all stakeholders and, ultimately, provide better and safer drugs for the pediatric population at large.

This timely new work is essential reading for academic researchers, pharmaceutical managers and executives, healthcare clinicians, policymakers, regulators, and lobbyists with an interest in pediatric drug development. It also serves as an important textbook for students in pharmacy, science, and medicine courses.

Table of Contents

Past, Present and Future of Pediatric Drug Development
Introduction: Need for a New Model for Children
History of Pediatric Drug Development and Therapeutics
Perspectives on Pediatric Clinical Trials: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Population Dynamics and Demographics of Infants and Children Across the World
Pharmaceutical Economics and Applications to Pediatric Business Case Development
Pediatric Drug Strategy and Development: Considerations for the Pediatric Marketplace
Industry Benchmarks in Pediatric Clinical Trials
Novel organizational strategies for advancing pediatric products
Ethical Underpinnings:
Additional Protections for Children Enrolled in Clinical Investigations
Additional Protections for Pregnant Women, Fetus and Neonates
Ethical Principles of Pediatric Research and Drug Development - A Guide Through National and International Frameworks and Applications to a Worldwide Perspective
Past, Present and Future Regulatory Guidances for Pediatric Drug Development: Stimulation of Pediatric Drug Research by Regulatory Authorities
US perspective
Europe perspective
Japan perspective
Regulatory Considerations for Study of Generic Drugs under Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act:NICHD and FDA Collaboration
Preclinical toxicology: Overview and Introduction
Preclinical Juvenile Toxicity Assessments and Study Designs
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) and Pharmacokinetic Assessments in Juvenile Animals:
Pharmacological principles in Pediatric Drug development
Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology: Why, Where, How, When?
Developmental Pharmacology Issues: Neonates, Infants and Children
Developmental Hepatic Pharmacology in Pediatrics
Applications of Pharmacogenomics to Study design in Pediatrics
General Principles of Population Pharmacokinetics in Pediatrics
Development of Oncology Drugs for Children
Clinical Trial Operations: Understanding Differences between Pediatric and Adult Study Subjects: Developmental Issues Related to Organ Development and Endpoint Choice
CNS and Brain: Physiological Maturation
Cognitive developmental considerations for long term exposures
Cardiovascular and QTc Issues
Kidney
Growth and Physical Maturation
Clinical Trial Operations and Good Clinical Practices (GCP)
The Consent Process in Pediatric Clinical Trials
Recruitment and retention in Pediatric Clinical trials
Pediatric Good Clinical Practices (GCP)
Considerations and Barriers to Pediatric Patient Recruitment Strategy for Clinical Trials
Conducting Clinical Trials in Developing Countries: A Case Study
Global Clinical trials and Pediatric recruitment
Collaborations with Academia and Clincal Research Centers (CRCs)
Clinical Efficacy and Safety Endpoints
Laboratory Monitoring of Efficacy and Safety Parameters
Breath Testing in Pediatrics
Surrogate Markers
Patient Related Outcomes (PROs)
Safety Monitoring of Pediatric Clinical Trials
Post-Marketing Safety Surveillance
Formulation/Chemistry/Manufacturing Controls
Liquids, Suspensions, Tablets
Drug Delivery Challenges for the Pediatric Patient: Novel forms for Consideration
Drug Delivery Challenges for the Pediatric Patient: Oral Forms for Consideration
The Jelly Bean Test: A Novel Technique To Help Children Swallow Medications
Case Studies: Successes for Children
A Case Study of Psychiatric Research in Children ? The Risperdal Example
Topamax
Ascent Pediatrics
DCI Pancrecarb
Appendices (culled from various chapters for listing)
Relevant Code of Federal Regulations and FDA Guidances for Conduct in Pediatric Clinical Trials
Application of General IRB Regulations to Pediatric Research
FDA Algorithm for Extrapolation
Algorithm for Protocol Assessment under 21 CFR 50, Subpart D
Paradigm for Recruitment and Retention in Pediatric Clinical Trials
Normal Blood Values
Neonatal, Pediatric, and Adult Populations
Hematologic Values in Children and Adults
Serum and Plasma Chemistry Values in Children and Adults
Values of mean (range) eGFR for infants and children of various ages using classic clearance techniques..
Examples of substances secreted or reabsorbed by active mechanisms in the proximal tubule
Local and national neonatal and pediatric Clinical Research Networks (IECRN)
Ontogeny of drug metabolizing enzymes in liver of several animal species
Summary of Developmental Changes in Drug Disposition in Human Infant and Child
Ontogeny of Oran transporters in Animals
Developmental events in Animals
Dosing routes in neonatal / juvenile animal species
Reflex ontogeny and behavioural testing battery in Nonclinical Testing of Animals
Commonly used QT correction formulae
Tanner Staging
boys
girls
Median Ages in Years at Entry into Tanner Stage in Girls
Median Ages in Years at Entry into Tanner Stage in Boys
Recommended Reference Data for the Assessment of Growth and Nutritional Status
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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