Pediatric Dysphagia Resource Guide

by Hall, Kelly D.

• ISBN13: 9780769300634
• ISBN10: 0769300634
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-11-06
• Publisher: Singular

Summary

A Volume In The Singular Resource Guide Series. Pediatric Dysphagia Resource Guide presents up-to-date and pertinent information on pediatric dysphagia, condensed into an easily accessible guide that every speech-language pathologist working with children with swallowing disorders must have. It covers information regarding normal aspects of neurodevelopment, oral-motor feeding skills, and anatomy/physiology of swallowing. Additionally, this book orients clinicians to all aspects of working in the NICU/PICU environment including how to monitor the equipment, effects of medications on feeding and swallowing, and etiologies of swallowing disorders. Case studies, charts, graphs, indexes, and reproducible forms are especially helpful for the new speech-language pathology graduate.

Table of Contents

Foreword	ix
Ken Bleile
Preface	xi
How To Use This Resource Guide	xiii
Acknowledgments	xv
SECTION 1: CORE KNOWLEDGE	1	(46)
Setting the Stage	1	(1)
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Scope of Practice Guidelines	1	(1)
Neonatology	2	(6)
Embryologic and Fetal Development of Feeding/Swallowing	2	(1)
Primitive Reflexes	2	(3)
Infant Stages of Alertness and Stress Cues	5	(3)
Normal Developmental System Changes	8	(7)
Anatomy-Maturational Considerations	8	(4)
Motor Development Underlying Feeding/Swallowing	12	(3)
Gastrointestinal Tract: What Does the Feeding Specialist Need To Know?	15	(9)
Anatomy and Physiology of the GI Tract	18	(6)
The Role of Respiration in Swallowing	24	(6)
Mechanics of Respiration	24	(1)
Normal and Abnormal Respiratory Patterns	25	(3)
Effects of Respiration on Sucking/Swallowing	28	(1)
Tracheostomy	29	(1)
Aspiration Management	30	(1)
Physiology of the Suck-Swallow-Breathe Sequence	30	(3)
Physiology of Sucking	30	(1)
Nutritive and Nonnutritive Suck(I)ing	31	(1)
Immature Sucking Patterns	32	(1)
Readiness To Feed	33	(1)
Brain Stem and Cortical Control of Deglutition	33	(3)
Eliciting the Swallowing Response	33	(2)
Cranial Nerves in Feeding/Swallowing	35	(1)
Developmental Feeding Skills	36	(3)
Normal Feeding Development	36	(1)
Nutritional Needs of Infants and Children	36	(3)
Alternate Methods of Nutritional Intake	39	(2)
Primary and Supplemental Enteral Support	39	(2)
Overview of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit	41	(6)
Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery Levels	41	(1)
Interdisciplinary Team	41	(1)
Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program	42	(1)
Monitoring Physiologic Function	42	(5)
SECTION 2: MEDICAL DISORDERS AND OTHER ETIOLOGIES OF PEDIATRIC DYSPHAGIA	47	(30)
Gastrointestinal/Gastroesophageal Tract Disorders	47	(6)
Vascular Ring	48	(1)
Tracheoesophageal Fistula/Esophageal Atresia	48	(1)
Gastroesophageal Reflux	49	(2)
Malabsorption Disorders of the Small Intestine	51	(1)
Necrotizing Entercolitis/Short Gut Syndrome	52	(1)
Respiratory Disorders	53	(3)
Central Nervous System Damage	56	(4)
Intracranial Hemorrhage	56	(2)
Traumatic Brain Injury	58	(1)
Neurologic Diseases	59	(1)
Peripheral Nervous System Damage	60	(2)
Congenital Myopathies/Muscular Dystrophy	60	(2)
Cardiac Defects	62	(1)
Respiration and Cardiac Systems	62	(1)
Extracorporeal Membraneous Oxygenation	63	(1)
Prematurity	64	(5)
Retinopathy of Prematurity	65	(1)
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome	66	(1)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia	67	(2)
Structural Abnormalities	69	(8)
CHARGE Association	69	(1)
Chiari Malformations	69	(3)
Moebius Sequence	72	(1)
Freedman-Sheldon	72	(1)
Pierre Robin Sequence	72	(1)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome	72	(1)
Maternal Substance Abuse/Infant Withdrawl	72	(1)
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome	73	(1)
Nonorganic Failure To Thrive	73	(4)
SECTION 3: PROCEDURES	77	(42)
General Diagnostic Procedures	77	(7)
Gastroesophageal Reflux	77	(3)
Evaluation of Swallowing Function	80	(3)
Evaluation of Feeding/Swallowing	83	(1)
Clinical Feeding Evaluation of Infants and Older Children	84	(11)
History	85	(2)
Behavior/State/Sensory Integration	87	(1)
General Postural Control/Tone	88	(1)
Respiratory Function/Endurance	88	(1)
Oral-Motor/Cranial Nerve Evaluation	89	(2)
Feeding/Swallowing Evaluation	91	(4)
Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study	95	(24)
Conduction and Evaluating a VFSS	95	(3)
Stages of Feeding/Swallowing	98	(21)
SECTION 4: THERAPY FOR FEEDING AND SWALLOWING PROBLEMS	119	(38)
Treatment Stategies	119	(38)
Establishing Optimal Infant State/Feeding Readiness	124	(1)
Organizing the Infant for Oral Feeding/Altering the Environment	125	(2)
Establishing a Nonnutritive Suck	127	(1)
External Pacing/Establishing Internal Rhythm	128	(1)
Establishing Optimum Position	129	(3)
Oral Stimulation Program	132	(2)
Reducing Oral Aversions	134	(2)
Altering the Consistency, Temperature, Volume, and Taste of Food	136	(2)
Developing Chewing Skills	138	(1)
Changing Feeding Utensils	139	(7)
Intervention for Behavioral Feeding Disorders	146	(4)
Oral-Motor Therapy	150	(7)
SECTION 5: CASE STUDIES	157	(12)
Gastroesophageal Reflux	158	(2)
Tracheoesophageal Fistula	160	(1)
Prematurity	161	(3)
Cardiac Defects	164	(1)
Nonorganic Failure To Thrive	165	(2)
Multiple Disorders	167	(2)
SECTION 6: GLOSSARY	169	(24)
SECTION 7: RESOURCES	193	(10)
Internet Sites	193	(5)
Resources for Caregivers of Children With Special Needs	198	(3)
Feeding Equipment and Distributors	201	(2)
SECTION 8: REFERENCES	203	(8)
Appendix A: Anatomical Structures of Infant Feeding/Swallowing	211	(4)
Appendix B: Developmental Cognitive-Social-Communicative-Sensory Milestones	215	(6)
Index	221