Pediatric Hospital Medicine Textbook of Inpatient Management

by Perkin, Ronald M.; Swift, James D.; Newton, Dale A.; Anas, Nick G.

• ISBN13: 9780781770323
• ISBN10: 0781770327
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-10-05
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

Now in its Second Edition, this text focuses exclusively on the management of hospitalized pediatric patients from admission to discharge. It is an excellent resource for residency programs, hospitalist fellowships, and continuing education for physicians whose practice includes the management of hospitalized newborns and children. Because pediatric hospital care is provided by a wide variety of healthcare professionals and in many different hospital settings, this text provides a framework for unified management and effective and efficient care. This edition includes new sections on emergency medicine and psychiatric hospitalization and expanded coverage of management of children with complex and chronic conditions.

Table of Contents

General Issues in Pediatric Hospital Medicine
The Transformation of Child Health	p. 1
Pediatric Hospitalist: Patient Care, Administration, and Education	p. 5
Advanced-Practice Nurses in Pediatric Hospital Care	p. 14
Role Implementation of the Pediatric Acute-Care Nurse Practitioner	p. 19
Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Decision-Making in the Practice of Pediatrics	p. 24
Billing and Coding	p. 30
The Safety of Inpatient Pediatrics: Preventing Medical Errors and Injuries in Hospitalized Children	p. 35
Ethical and Legal Issues
Introduction/General Principles	p. 39
Consent or Permission from Parents or Guardians	p. 39
Assent and Self-Determination	p. 40
Advance Directives	p. 41
Substituted Judgement	p. 42
The Best Interest of the Child: Standard and Parental and Guardian's Consent	p. 42
Refusal of Care	p. 42
Inappropriate Care Requests	p. 43
Confidentiality	p. 43
Research	p. 44
Research Regulation	p. 45
Concluding Remarks	p. 46
Ethics and the Child with a Chronic Condition	p. 48
Palliative Care Defined	p. 53
Universal Principles of Pediatric Palliative Care	p. 53
Integration	p. 54
Children and Death	p. 55
End-of-Life Communication for Children	p. 56
Pediatric Palliative Care in Unique Populations	p. 57
Symptoms in Dying Children	p. 63
Terminal Sedation	p. 65
Complementary Therapies	p. 66
Complementary Therapies in Pediatrics - Legal Perspectives	p. 70
Common Presenting Signs, Symptoms, Differential Diagnosis
Abdominal Mass	p. 75
Apnea	p. 77
Cyanosis	p. 80
Common Electrolyte Problems in Pediatrics	p. 86
Failure to Thrive	p. 97
Disorders of Temperature: Hyper- and Hypothermia	p. 101
Hypoglycemia	p. 105
Lymphadenopathy and Lymphadenitis	p. 109
Organomegaly	p. 114
Acute Abdominal Pain	p. 117
Chest Pain	p. 118
Headache	p. 121
Joint Pain	p. 125
Purpura	p. 128
Stridor	p. 131
Vomiting	p. 134
Wheezing	p. 139
Jaundice	p. 143
Shock	p. 146
Cardiovascular
Syncope	p. 149
Arrhythmia and Cardiac Pacing	p. 152
Congenital Heart Disease	p. 169
Cardiomyopathy	p. 178
Pericarditis	p. 182
Myocarditis	p. 185
Endocarditis	p. 189
Shock States	p. 192
Pulmonary Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Pediatric Pulmonary Disease	p. 209
Pulmonary Function Testing	p. 212
Asthma	p. 216
Chronic Pulmonary Disease: Cystic Fibrosis	p. 229
Chronic Pulmonary Disease: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia	p. 233
Foreign Body Aspiration	p. 236
Foreign Body Ingestion	p. 238
Pleural Effusions	p. 239
Respiratory Failure	p. 242
Sleep-Disordered Breathing	p. 248
Neurologic
Neurodiagnostic Studies	p. 259
Seizures	p. 264
Status Epilepticus	p. 269
Childhood Cerebrovascular Disease	p. 271
Floppy Infant	p. 277
The Comatose Child	p. 282
Inflammatory Neuropathies: Guillain-Barre Syndrome	p. 292
Inflammatory Neuropathies: Transverse Myelitis	p. 293
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis	p. 296
Gastroenterology
General Overview and Miscellaneous Diseases	p. 299
Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding	p. 304
Constipation and Encopresis	p. 310
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	p. 313
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	p. 317
Hepatitis	p. 321
Acute Liver Failure	p. 324
Pancreatitis	p. 327
Hematology-oncology
Anemias	p. 331
Coagulation and Thrombotic Disorders	p. 342
Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies	p. 352
Renal
Renal Signs/Symptoms and Laboratory Abnormalities	p. 359
Acute Renal Failure	p. 363
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	p. 369
Renal Tubular Acidosis	p. 374
Nephrotic Syndrome	p. 378
Hypertension	p. 382
Hypertensive Crisis	p. 386
N Vasculitis/Rheumatologic
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura	p. 393
Kawasaki Disease	p. 397
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis	p. 403
Systemic Lupus Erythematous	p. 407
Acute Rheumatic Fever	p. 412
Unusual Rheumatologic Diseases: Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis	p. 416
Unusual Rheumatologic Diseases: Scleroderma	p. 417
Unusual Rheumatologic Diseases: Mixed Connective Tissue Disease	p. 418
Unusual Rheumatologic Diseases: Sjogren Syndrome	p. 418
Unusual Vasculitic Diseases: Vasculitis	p. 419
Unusual Vasculitic Diseases; Takayasu Arteritis	p. 419
Unusual Vasculitic Diseases: Polyarteritis Nodosa	p. 420
Unusual Vasculitic Diseases: Wegener Granulomatosis	p. 420
Unusual Vasculitic Diseases: Sarcoidosis	p. 420
Unusual Vasculitic Diseases: Churg-Strauss Syndrome	p. 421
Unusual Vasculitic Diseases: Microscopic Polyangiitis	p. 421
Unusual Vasculitic Diseases: Goodpasture Syndrome	p. 421
Infectious Diseases
Antimicrobial Resistance and Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents	p. 423
Meningitis	p. 427
Encephalitis	p. 430
Pneumonia	p. 433
Bronchiolitis	p. 438
Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis	p. 442
Urinary Tract Infections	p. 446
Cellulitis and Necrotizing Fasciitis	p. 449
Tuberculosis	p. 452
Human Immunodeficiency Virus	p. 458
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections	p. 462
Recurrent Infections and Immunodeficiency Diseases	p. 466
Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis	p. 470
Upper Airway Infections	p. 473
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	p. 477
Meningococcemia	p. 480
Tick-Borne Diseases	p. 484
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome	p. 490
Toxic Shock Syndrome	p. 493
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infections	p. 497
Pediatric Fungal Infections	p. 501
Device-Related Infections	p. 507
Influenza	p. 513
Infection Control in the Pediatric Hospital Setting	p. 516
Endocrine
Initial Inpatient Stabilization and Management of the Hospitalized Diabetic Patient	p. 521
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Physiologic Approach to Management	p. 528
Diabetes Insipidus	p. 534
Adrenocortical Insufficiency	p. 538
Disorders Involving the Thyroid Gland	p. 541
Disorders Involving the Parathyroid Gland	p. 546
Panhypopituitarism	p. 551
Common And Uncommon Problems Of The Term Newborn
Term Newborn Examination	p. 553
Cyanosis	p. 557
Hypoglycemia	p. 560
Jaundice in the Newborn	p. 563
Vomiting	p. 571
Hemorrhagic Disorders in the Full-Term Newborn	p. 574
Neonatal Seizures	p. 578
Birth Trauma	p. 583
Delayed Onset of Voiding	p. 587
Delayed Meconium Stool	p. 589
Newborn Respiratory Distress	p. 590
Newborn Sepsis and the Prevention of Group B Streptococcal Infection	p. 593
The Feeding and Growing Preterm Infant	p. 600
Drug Exposure in the Newborn	p. 605
Congenital Infection	p. 611
Ambiguous Genitalia	p. 616
Common Genetic Abnormalities	p. 623
Inborn Errors of Metabolism	p. 626
Interpretation of Newborn Screening Tests	p. 630
Stabilization of the Newborn for Transport	p. 637
Surgical
Preoperative and Postoperative Care of Pediatric Surgical Patients	p. 643
Surgical Emergencies: Malrotation and Volvulus	p. 647
Surgical Emergencies: Appendicitis	p. 649
Surgical Emergencies: Intussusception	p. 654
Surgical Emergencies: Pyloric Stenosis	p. 658
Surgical Emergencies: Incarcerated and Strangulated Inguinal Hernia	p. 661
Surgical Emergencies: Meckel's Diverticulum	p. 663
Surgical Emergencies: Testicular Torsion	p. 665
Traumatic Injuries: Minor Closed Head Injury	p. 668
Traumatic Injuries: Blunt Abdominal Trauma	p. 671
Traumatic Injuries: Recognition of Child Abuse in the Pediatric Trauma Patient	p. 675
Hospital Care of Children with Complex and Chronic Conditions
Introduction, Definitions, Prevalence, and Service Needs	p. 681
Specific Disorders: Obesity	p. 688
Specific Disorders: Cerebral Palsy	p. 695
Specific Disorders: Hydrocephalus, Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts, and Their Complications	p. 701
Specific Disorders: Muscular Dystrophies	p. 705
Specific Disorders: Meningomyelocele	p. 708
Aspiration Pneumonitis and Aspiration Pneumonia	p. 714
Long-Term Central Venous Catheters	p. 716
Technology-Dependent Children: Tracheostomy	p. 718
Technology-Dependent Children: Gastrostomy Tube	p. 723
Technology-Dependent Children: Mechanical Support of Ventilation (Mechanical Ventilation in Chronic Respiratory Failure)	p. 726
Transitional Care of Children with Chronic Diseases	p. 733
Pediatric Home Care	p. 736
Sedation and Pain Management
Acute Pain Management in Infants and Children	p. 743
Sedation	p. 755
Child Abuse and Neglect
In-Hospital Evaluation	p. 767
Abusive Head Trauma	p. 770
Sexual Abuse in Children and Adolescents	p. 776
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (Pediatric Condition Falsification/Factitious Disorder by Proxy)	p. 782
The Pediatrician in Court: Testimony in Child Abuse Cases	p. 788
Nutrition
General Principles of Nutritional Assessment	p. 791
Enteral Nutrition	p. 797
Parenteral Nutrition	p. 809
Emergency Medicine
Anaphylaxis	p. 815
Erythema Multiforme, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis	p. 820
Drug Overdose and Toxic Ingestions	p. 825
Toxic Exposures: Chemical and Environmental	p. 833
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	p. 843
Neonatal Resuscitation	p. 851
Psychiatric Hospitalization
Identification of Common Psychosocial Problems and Mental Disorders in an Acute Hospital Setting	p. 857
Assessing Psychosocial Risks for Children and Families during Hospital Admission	p. 858
Agitation/Aggression/Delirium	p. 861
Psychosis	p. 863
Depression	p. 871
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	p. 876
Suicidality	p. 879
Conversion Disorder	p. 881
Eating Disorders	p. 885
General Principles of Pharmacologic Treatments in Mental Disorders	p. 889
Atypical Antipsychotic Medications: Therapeutic Concerns and Overdose	p. 892
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Serotonin Syndrome	p. 895
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