Pediatric Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

by Lauer, Ronald M.; Burns, Trudy L.; Daniels, Stephen R.

• ISBN13: 9780195150650
• ISBN10: 0195150651
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-07-06
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The most common cause of premature death in the U.S. and in many of the world's countries is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which includes coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Most epidemiologic studies of risk factors for atherosclerosis have beenconducted in adult populations, yet there is now clear evidence that the atherosclerotic process begins at a very early age. This book reviews recent findings that help physicians identify and manage children and adolescents who are at the highest risk for developing premature cardiovascular diseasein later life. It reviews cholesterol levels, blood pressure levels, body size and tobacco use as risk factors for obesity, diabetes, coronary artery calcification and increased carotid artery intimal-medial thickness; it also discusses the measurement, familial aggregation, tracking and managementof each of these risk factors. The book merges epidemiology and pathophysiology with descriptions of risk factors in childhood and adolescence and how they affect blood vessels and the heart. The organization of the book makes clear the most up-to-date clinical recommendations from the National High Blood Pressure EducationProgram, the National Cholesterol Education Program, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association, while also presenting the results of epidemiologic studies that support the clinical recommendations. This provides the reader with both the science and application ofpediatric preventive cardiology. This book is for doctors and other health professionals who practice preventive cardiology in children, adolescents and young adults. It is for school nurses and school administrators who are committed to developing a healthful school environment with appropriate attention to school lunches andphysical activity. For those who teach epidemiology and public health, it provides a complete discussion of pediatric atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease epidemiology. For medical historians, the book also offers an historical perspective on the development of knowledge regarding risk ofcardiovascular disease in children, adolescents and young adults, and the clinical practice of pediatric prevention.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xvii
Introduction	xxi
Jeremiah Stamler
PART 1 Origins of Cardiovascular Disease
1 Pathology of Atherosclerosis in Youth and the Cardiovascular Risk Factors	3	(24)
Henry C. McGill, Jr., and C. Alex McMahan
2 The Major Adult Cardiovascular Diseases: A Global Historical Perspective	27	(22)
Jeremiah Stamler, James D. Neaton, Daniel B. Garside, and Martha L. Daviglus
3 Low-Risk Cardiovascular Status: Impact on Cardiovascular Mortality and Longevity	49	(14)
Jeremiah Stamler, Martha L. Daviglus, Daniel B. Garside, Philip Greenland, Lynn E. Eberly, Lingfeng Yang, and James D. Neaton
PART II Measures of the Atherosclerotic Process in Children and Young Adults
4 Relationship between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Calcification	63	(21)
Larry T. Mahoney, Trudy L. Burns, Lawrence F. Bielak, and Patricia A. Peyser
5 Relationship between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Artery Intimal-Medial Thickness	84	(25)
Patricia H. Davis and Jeffrey D. Dawson
PART III Cholesterol in Childhood and Adolescence
6 The Epidemiology of Childhood Cholesterol	109	(16)
Laura E. Beane Freeman, Ronald M. Lauer, and William R. Clarke
7 Identification and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with High Cholesterol	125	(23)
Ronald M. Lauer
8 Dietary Management of Children and Adolescents with High Cholesterol	148	(17)
Linda Snetselaar and Ronald M. Lauer
PART IV Blood Pressure in Childhood and Adolescence
9 The Epidemiology of Childhood Blood Pressure	165	(19)
Trudy L. Burns and Stephen R. Daniels
10 Identification and Management of Children and Adolescents with High Blood Pressure	184	(24)
Stephen R. Daniels
11 Dietary Management of Children and Adolescents with High Blood Pressure	208	(25)
Linda Van Horn and Eileen Vincent
PART V Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence
12 The Epidemiology of Childhood Overweight and Obesity	233	(21)
Trudy L. Burns, Patricia A. Peyser, and Patricia A. Donohoue
13 Identification and Management of Obese Children and Adolescents	254	(21)
Andrew M. Tershakovec and Robert I. Berkowitz
14 The Need for Physical Activity among Children and Adolescents for Prevention and Treatment of Obesity	275	(20)
Brian E. Saelens
PART VI Type 2 Diabetes in Childhood and Adolescence
15 The Epidemiology and Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents	295	(16)
Eva Tsalikian and Michael Tansey
PART VII Smoking Prevention and Cessation among Youth
16 Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Cigarette Smoking among Youth	311	(12)
Cynthia M. Goody, John B. Lowe, Mary Lober Aquilino, and Esther M. Baker
17 Prevention and Management of Youth Cigarette Smoking	323	(18)
Mary Lober Aquilino and John B. Lowe
PART VIII Promoting Health in the School Setting
18 Policy and Practice: Changing the Home, School, and Community Environment to Promote Health	341	(22)
Russell V. Luepker and Leslie A. Lytle
Epilogue	363	(4)
C. Alex McMahan and Henry C. McGill, Jr.
Index	367