The People A History of Native America

by Edmunds, R. David; Hoxie, Frederick E.; Salisbury, Neal

• ISBN13: 9780669244953
• ISBN10: 0669244953
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-06-05
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This narrative takes an ethnographic approach to American Indian history from the arrival of humans on the American continent to the present day. The text provides balanced coverage of political, economic, cultural and social aspects of Indian history. While conveying the effects of European invasion on American Indian communities, the text gives greater attention to the impact of Native actions on the American environment. The authors' Indian-centered point of view treats Indians as actors in their own right, existing in a larger society. As a result, some events in American history loom larger than they would in a general survey, while others, such as Reconstruction, receive minimal coverage. The People demonstrates that the active participation of American Indians in a modern, democratic society has shaped--and will continue to shape--national life. Balanced geographically, the text covers Eastern and Midwestern Indians as well as Western Indians. Indian Voices boxed features consist of oral or written testimony by Native persons. People, Places, and Things focus on Indian artifacts and photographs, explaining the objects' cultural significance and influence on the Indian people. One example includes a photograph of a female Apache warrior who fought with Geronimo; the accompanying text discusses the role of women in Apache resistance.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
American History Begins: Indian Peoples Before the Advent of Europeans	p. 1
The Peopling of America	p. 2
Farmers in the Desert Southwest	p. 6
Indian Voices: Akimel O'odham Speaker (1775)	p. 7
People, Places, and Things: Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon	p. 9
Farmers in the Eastern Woodlands	p. 11
Villagers of the Far West	p. 18
Band Societies of the Western Interior and Far North	p. 22
Conclusion	p. 25
Suggested Readings	p. 26
Strangers in Indian Homelands, 1490-1600	p. 27
Indian-Spanish Encounters Beyond North America, 1492-1536	p. 28
Southeastern Chiefdoms Confront Imperial Adventurers	p. 31
Indian Voices: A Timucua Chief Defies De Soto, 1539	p. 34
Encounters in the American West	p. 41
People, Places, and Things: Spaniards Entering the Southwest: A Navajo View	p. 44
Early Contacts in the Northeast	p. 45
Conclusion	p. 51
Suggested Readings	p. 51
Native Peoples and the Founding of European Colonies, 1600-1660	p. 53
Struggling for Power in the Northeastern Interior: The Iroquois vs. New France	p. 55
Indian Voices: Kiotseaeton, Mohawk Iroquois Diplomat, 1645	p. 60
Coastal Indians and Early European Settlements	p. 64
People, Places, and Things: Powhatan's Mantle	p. 73
Confronting Spanish Expansion in the Southeast and Southwest	p. 75
Conclusion	p. 79
Suggested Readings	p. 79
Worlds in Upheaval, 1660-1720	p. 81
The Northeast: Iroquois Power and European Expansion	p. 83
People, Places, and Things: Onondaga Iroquois Artifacts Made from European Metals	p. 85
The Southeast: Slaves, Confederacies, and War	p. 95
West of the Mississippi: Native Resistance and Cultural Transformation	p. 102
Indian Voices: Pedro Naranjo, San Felipe Pueblo, 1681	p. 104
Conclusion	p. 108
Suggested Readings	p. 109
Native Americans in Peace and War, 1716-1754	p. 110
Indians and Empires: The East	p. 113
Exiles in Their Own Homelands: Indians in the English Colonies	p. 119
Native Americans and French Expansion in the Mississippi Valley	p. 124
Indian Voices: Stung Serpent, Natchez, 1723	p. 126
Horses and Guns on the Plains	p. 129
People, Places, and Things: Spanish Slave-Raiding Expedition, c. 1720	p. 131
Conclusion	p. 133
Suggested Readings	p. 133
Native Peoples and Imperial Crises, 1754-1821	p. 135
Eastern Indians and the Seven Years' War, 1754-1761	p. 137
Eastern Indians and the American Revolution, 1761-1783	p. 141
Indian Voices: Joseph Brant (Mohawk), 1789	p. 150
Struggles for Power in the Southern Plains and Southwest, 1754-1810	p. 151
Neophytes, Gentiles, and Colonizers on the Pacific, 1769-1833	p. 155
People, Places, and Things: Ohlones Gambling at Mission Dolores, 1816	p. 159
Conclusion	p. 162
Suggested Readings	p. 162
The Defense of the Trans-Appalachian Homelands, 1795-1815	p. 164
The Struggle for Autonomy	p. 166
People, Places, and Things: Captives	p. 169
American Indian Policy	p. 175
Revitalization Movements	p. 179
Indian Voices: Tecumseh Demands That the British Honor Their Promises!, 1813	p. 183
Conclusion	p. 186
Suggested Readings	p. 187
Western Tribes Meet the Long Knives, 1800-1820	p. 189
Indian Voices: A Piegan (Blackfoot) Describes the Arrival of Horses	p. 190
Before Lewis and Clark	p. 192
The Tribes Encounter Lewis and Clark	p. 194
People, Places, and Things: Mandan Earth Lodges	p. 199
The Western Fur Trade	p. 204
Conclusion	p. 211
Suggested Readings	p. 212
Indian Removal, 1820-1845	p. 213
Indian Country in the New Republic	p. 214
People, Places, and Things: Native American Women as Entrepreneurs	p. 219
Jacksonian Indian Policy	p. 220
Indian Removal: The Southeast	p. 222
Indian Voices: Cherokee Leaders Denounce the Injustices of Removal	p. 229
Indian Removal: The Old Northwest	p. 230
Fighting Removal: Armed Resistance	p. 233
Conclusion	p. 238
Suggested Readings	p. 238
Strangers Invade the West, 1845-1861	p. 241
Indian Territory	p. 243
People, Places, and Things: The Cherokee Female Seminary	p. 248
Texas	p. 250
California	p. 253
Indian Voices: William Joseph (Nisenam Tribesman) Describes a Lynching	p. 258
The Northwestern Tribes	p. 260
The Southwest	p. 263
Conclusion	p. 266
Suggested Readings	p. 267
Indian People in the Civil War Era, 1850-1868	p. 268
Civil War in Indian Territory	p. 269
Reconstruction in Indian Territory	p. 272
Eastern Indians in the Civil War	p. 276
Violence in the West	p. 277
The Desert Southwest	p. 280
Indian Voices: Herrero (Navajo Headman) Testifies About Conditions at Bosque Redondo	p. 285
The Plains Tribes During the Civil War Era	p. 286
People, Places, and Things: Teepees: "Exceedingly Picturesque and Beautiful"	p. 291
Conclusion	p. 292
Suggested Readings	p. 293
Warfare in the West, 1867-1886	p. 295
Cultural Change on the Plains	p. 296
The Warfare Continues	p. 298
The Northern Plains, 1868-1881	p. 301
Indian Voices: Two Moons (Cheyenne War Chief) Recounts the Battle of Little Big Horn	p. 305
Rebellions Against Reservation Life	p. 308
The Apaches, 1865-1886	p. 315
People, Places, and Things: Lozen: Shield to Her People	p. 318
Conclusion	p. 320
Suggested Readings	p. 320
"Kill the Indian, Save the Man": Survival in a Shrinking Homeland, 1878-1900	p. 322
Assaults on Indianness	p. 322
"Raising Up" the Indians: Schools, Missionaries, and Government Agents	p. 331
Prophets, Inventors, and Writers: Indian Resistance in an Age of Oppression	p. 336
People, Places, and Things: Teton Lakota Parasol	p. 342
Indian Voices: Sarah Winnemucca	p. 343
Conclusion	p. 345
Suggested Readings	p. 345
Survival and Renewal, 1900-1930	p. 347
Finding New Places to Be Indian	p. 347
The Native American Church	p. 348
People, Places, and Things: Monroe Tsa Toke (1904-1937)	p. 349
Indian Voices: Charles Eastman Criticizes "Civilization"	p. 351
Fighting for the Indian Cause	p. 357
Facing Economic Hardship	p. 365
Conclusion	p. 371
Suggested Readings	p. 372
Reorganization and War, 1930-1945	p. 373
Pressures Mount for Drastic Change	p. 374
Indian Voices: D'Arcy McNickle Reveals His Hopes for Indians in the Future	p. 376
People, Places, and Things: Crow Indian Round Hall	p. 389
World War II	p. 390
Conclusion	p. 394
Suggested Readings	p. 396
Fighting to Be Indians, 1945-1970	p. 397
Indians on the Move	p. 398
People, Places, and Things: Chicago American Indian Center	p. 402
Termination Takes Shape	p. 406
Battling Back	p. 410
Indian Voices: Alice Jemison Speaks Out Against Termination	p. 411
Gaining Recognition	p. 415
New Voices	p. 421
Conclusion	p. 423
Suggested Readings	p. 423
Acting Sovereign, 1970-1990	p. 425
Red Power	p. 426
Indian Voices: Russell Means Advocates Reviving Indian Traditions	p. 431
Victories in Congress and the Courts	p. 435
Sovereignty on the Ground	p. 444
People, Places, and Things: Indian Governments at Work	p. 451
Conclusion	p. 452
Suggested Readings	p. 452
Indians in the New Millennium	p. 454
Indian Voices: Joy Harjo Writes About Indian Life	p. 457
Tribe or Nation?	p. 459
Indian Health	p. 462
Struggling Economies	p. 464
Who Is an Indian?	p. 470
People, Places, and Things: National Museum of the American Indian	p. 472
Conclusion	p. 473
Suggested Readings	p. 473
Chronology	p. 475
State and Federally Recognized Tribes	p. 481
Most Populous Tribes	p. 488
Largest Landholding Tribes	p. 489
Suggested General Reference Works	p. 490
Films and Videos	p. 492
List of Tribal Gaming Operations	p. 495
Photo Credits	p. 501
Index	p. 503
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