Peptides for the New Millennium

by Fields, Gregg B.; Tam, James P.; Barany, George

• ISBN13: 9780792364450
• ISBN10: 0792364457
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-09-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

This volume contains the proceedings of the 16th American Peptide Symposium, held June 26-July 1, 1999, at the Minneapolis Convention Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This biennial meeting was held under the auspices of the American Peptide Society. The fortunate coincidence of the calendar allowed the theme of the meeting to be set as Peptides for the New Millennium. The approximately 1200 participants who converged in the Twin Cities from academic and industrial institutions in 36 countries were treated to an exciting and stimulating conference that left almost everyone with an enthusiastic vision for the future of the field. A total of 116 contributions were selected for oral presentation (38 in plenary sessions and the remainder in dual sessions). A further 12 talks were given by graduate students and postdoctoral fellows at the Young Investigators' MiniSymposium. Essentially all of the lectures are included in these Proceedings. Over 530 separate scientific contributions were presented as posters, and approximately 40% of these are the subject of short communications to these Proceedings. The present Proceedings volume should serve as a handy reference source and succinct snapshot of peptide science at essentially its century mark - the clock having started with the initial contributions of Emil Fischer and Th. Curtius.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxxv
16th American Peptide Symposium and American Peptide Society	xliii
Symposium Co-Chairs	xliii
Symposium Program Committee	xliii
Society Officers	xliii
Society Councilors	xliii
Society Honorary Members	xIiv
Local Planning Committee	xIiv
Focus Group Leaders	xIiv
Local Staff	xIv
Local Volunteers	xIvi
Symposium Sponsors	xIvii
American Peptide Symposia	Ii
The Merrifield Award	Iiii
Vincent du Vigneaud Award	Ivii
Ralph F. Hirschmann Award in Peptide Chemistry	Iviii
American Peptide Society Travel Grants	Iix
The Bruce W. Erickson Young Investigators' Awards	Ixi
The ESCOM Awards	Ixi
Abbreviations	Ixiii
The 1999 Merrifield Award / Rao Makineni Lecture	1	(16)
Mimetic peptides, demanding enzymes, and drug discovery	3	(14)
Daniel H. Rich
Young Investigators' MiniSymposium	17	(28)
Bruce W. Erickson: In memoriam	19	(1)
Arthur M. Felix
Engineering of a cysteine-containing variant of quadrin, a protein containing the oligomerization site of the hepatitis delta antigen	20	(2)
Mathew J. Saderholm
Paul Saconn
Nimish Shah
Bruce W. Erickson
Characterization of betabellins 15D and 16D, designed beta-sandwich proteins that have amyloidogenic properties	22	(2)
Amareth Lim
Alexander M. Makhov
Lawreen H. Connors
Jeremy Bond
Hideyo Inouye
Jack D. Griffith
Daniel A. Kirschner
Catherine E. Costello
Bruce W. Erickson
Design and synthesis of inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxin A and B metalloproteases	24	(2)
Thorsten K. Oost
Chanokporn Sukonpan
Daniel H. Rich
Dimerization inhibitors of HIV - 1 protease: Effective inhibition requires the cross-linking of non-identical peptides	26	(2)
Michael D. Shultz
Jean A. Chmielewski
Backbone cyclic proteinomimetics derived from the arginine-rich domain of HIV - 1 Tat and Rev proteins: One sequence, two conformations, two biological functions	28	(2)
Assaf Friedler
Nathan Luedtke
Dorit Friedler
Abraham Loyter
Yitzhak Tor
Chaim Gilon
Synthesis of several O-glycopeptide analogs of enkephalin	30	(2)
Scott A. Mitchell
Mathew R. Pratt
Victor J. Hruby
Robin Polt
Investigating the role of turns in the folding of a predominantly β-sheet protein	32	(2)
Kenneth S. Rotondi
Kannan Gunasekaran
Lila M. Gierasch
Receptor-bound conformations of integrin αIIbβ3 antagonists by 15N-edited NMR spectroscopy	34	(2)
Elsa Locardi
Ralph-Heiko Mattern
Timothy I. Malaney
Daniel G. Mullen
Robert Minasyan
Michael D. Pierschbacher
Murray Goodman
Design, synthesis, and characterization of two core modules of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	36	(2)
Natalia Carulla
Clare Woodward
George Barany
The fine tuning of high affinity and selective non-peptide agonists of the δ-opioid receptor via solution and solid-phase	38	(2)
Josue Alfaro-Lopez
Toru Okayama
Keiko Hosohata
Peg Davis
Frank Porreca
Henry I. Yamamura
Victor J. Hruby
Cyclic dodecapeptides (LLLD)3 from ion channels in lipid bilayers	40	(2)
Dongxia Wang
Lili Guo
Patrick J. Edwards
Larry R. Jones
Roger W. Roeske
Synthesis and evaluation of potential affinity labels for opioid receptors	42	(3)
Heekyung Choi
Thomas F. Murray
Jane V. Aldrich
Synthetic Methodologies (including Large-Scale Synthesis)	45	(114)
Polyethyleneglycol-based chains of precise length for chemobodies	47	(3)
Keith Rose
Jean Vizzavona
Nα-2-(4-Nitrophenylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl (Nsc) as an amino-protecting group and its application for peptide synthesis	50	(3)
Hack-Joo Kim
Vladmir V. Samukov
Nsc-and Fmoc-amino acids for automated solid-phase peptide synthesis: Comparative study of the stability in various conditions	53	(2)
Yeon Sun Lee
Hyun Jin Lee
Doyoung Lee
Hack-Joo Kim
In situ generation of Fmoc amino acid chlorides for extremely difficult couplings to sterically hindered secondary amines in solid-phase peptide synthesis	55	(3)
Eliezer Falb
Tamar Yechezkel
Yosphe Salitra
Gary Gellerman
Dan Muller
Chaim Gilon
Evaluation of ivDde as a quasi-orthogonal protecting group for Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis	58	(2)
R. Randy Wilhelm
Ananth Srinivasan
Michelle A. Schmidt
Nin4-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Nbs): A new protective group for the indole moiety of tryptophan	60	(2)
Aydar N. Sabirov
Vladimir V. Samukov
Pavel I. Pozdnyakov
Hack-Joo Kim
Practical asymmetric synthesis of β-substituted glutamic acids	62	(2)
Vadim A. Soloshonok
Chaozhong Cai
Victor J. Hruby
Formation of substituted aromatic rings in amino acid systems via ruthenium activated SNAr reactions	64	(2)
Chris W. West
Jim W. Janetka
Daniel H. Rich
O-Acetyl-L-homoserine: A versatile synthon for the synthesis of L-homoserine peptides and 3-amino-2-pyrrolidinones	66	(2)
Guenter Knaup
Karlheinz Drauz
Michael Schwarm
Asymmetric synthesis of free unusual β-amino acid esters via Yb(OTf)3-catalyzed C-C bond formation and simultaneous deprotection/purification	68	(2)
Guigen Li
Sun Hee Kim
Han-Xun Wei
Jason D. Hook
Keith A. Fitzgerald
High yield synthesis of heterocyclic β-substituted alanine derivatives	70	(2)
Paula M. T. Ferreira
Hernani L. S. Maia
Luis S. Monteiro
Synthesis of (2S,4R) 4-aminoethyl-L-Pro and (2S,4R)-4-carboxymethyl-L-Pro from (2S,4R)-Nα-Boc-4-hydroxy-L-Pro methyl ester	72	(2)
Dewey G. McCafferty
Stephen L. Schneider
Bruce W. Erickson
A Highly effective method for synthesis of Nω-substituted arginines	74	(2)
Sotir Zakhariev
Zoltan Szekely
Corrado Guarnaccia
Nikolinka Antcheva
Sandor Pongor
Diffusion phenomena and reactivity using polymer supports: A principal investigation	76	(2)
Wolfgang E. Rapp
Solid-phase peptide synthesis in the N→C direction	78	(2)
Nathalie Thieriet
Jordi Alsina
Francois Guibe
Fernando Albericio
Diisopropylethy lamine salts for protected amino acids: Direct synthesis of peptides on solid-phase	80	(2)
Preeti Balse
Guoxia Han
Victor J. Hruby
Lele Sun
Synthesis of phosphorylated CRE BP1(19-106) amide using a phosphopeptide thioester prepared directly by an Fmoc solid-phase method	82	(2)
Saburo Aimoto
Koki Hasegawa
Xiangqun Li
Toru Kawakami
Preparation of phosphohistidyl peptides via oxidative coupling of H-phosphonates	84	(2)
Bennet J. Harding
W. Scott Dodson
Brian D. Bennett
William S. Marshall
Mark A. Jarosinski
Preparation and incorporation into small peptides and combinatorial libraries of phosphohistidine analogs for study of prokaryotic two-component signal transduction systems	86	(3)
Michael C. Pirrung
Sandra J. Drabik
Kurt V. Gothelf
Kenneth D. James
Tao Pei
Synthesis of phosphonamides and thiophosphonamides by a one-pot activation-coupling-oxidation protocol	89	(2)
Sheila D. Rushing
Robert P. Hammer
Synthesis of phosphonopeptide and thiophosphonopeptide analogs as inhibitors of carboxypeptidase A	91	(3)
Hong Fan
Yuhong Zhao
Larry Byers
Robert P. Hammer
Application of solid-phase ellman's reagent for preparation of disulfide-paired isomers of α-conotoxin SI	94	(2)
Balaxs Hargittai
Ioana Annis
George Barany
Alternative solid-phase reagents for formation of intramolecular sulfur-sulfur bridges in peptides under mild conditions	96	(2)
Ioana Annis
George Barany
An evaluation of a novel safety catch linker for development of cyclic peptide libraries	98	(2)
G. T. Bourne
R.P. McGeary
S.W. Golding
W.D.F. Meutermans
P.F. Alewood
M.L. Smythe
Solid-phase synthesis of peptide aldehydes by a Backbone Amide Linker (BAL) strategy	100	(2)
Fanny Guillaumie
Nicholas M. Kelly
Joseph C. Kappel
George Barany
Knud J. Jensen
Backbone Amide Linker (BAL) methodology to accommodate C-terminal hindered, unreactive, and/or sensitive modifications	102	(2)
Jordi Alsina
T. Scott Yokum
Fernando Albericio
George Barany
A new tartaric acid-based linker for the synthesis of C-terminal peptide α-oxo-aldehydes	104	(3)
Jean-Sebastien Fruchart
Cyrille Grandjean
Dominique Bonnet
Corinne Rommens
Helene Gras-Masse
Oleg Melnyk
A new approach to the guanidinylation of peptides and peptidomimetics including aminoglycosides and related drugs	107	(2)
Tracy J. Baker
Murray Goodman
Photoaffinity-labeled probes for the study of isoprenoid recognition sites	109	(2)
Tamara A. Kale
Mark D. Distefano
Orthogonal Methods for the synthesis of multiply labeled peptide probes and substrates	111	(2)
Michael F. Songster
Sara Biancalana
Ronald M. Cook
Daren J. Dick
Derek Hudson
Strategies for the synthesis of labeled peptides	113	(2)
Lisa Bibbs
Nicholas P. Ambulos
Steven A. Kates
Ashok Khatri
Katalin F. Medzihradszky
George Osapay
Susan T. Weintraub
Orthogonal segment ligation	115	(3)
Zhenwei Miao
Qitao Yu
Yi-An Lu
Jin-Long Yong
Kalle Kaljuste
Chengwei Wu
Li Huang
James P. Tam
Use of orthogonal ligation methods for the synthesis of hetero peptide dendrimer	118	(2)
Chuan-Fa Liu
Chang Rao
James P. Tam
Minimization of side reactions during removal of the formyl protecting group from the &epsis;-amino group of lysine	120	(2)
Paul D. Semchuk
Marc Genest
Leslie H. Kondejewski
Robert S. Hodges
Mechanistic studies of an unusual amide bond scission	122	(2)
Christopher J. Creighton
Todd T. Romoff
Jamne H. Bu
Murray Goodman
Novel Methods of making (amidated) peptides: Rapid gram quantities as intein fusions and ton quantities form fusion proteins in the milk of transgenic animals	124	(2)
Ian R. Cottingham
Alan Millar
Colin McKee
Process research toward scale-up and industrial preparation of RPR 109891 (Klerval™)	126	(3)
James J. Mencel
Benoit J. Vanasse
Richard G. Woodward
James P. Sherbine
Robert C. Liu
Diane C. Salazar
Harshavadan C. Shah
Mathew R. Powers
Adam W. Sledeski
Gregory C. Kubiak
David S. Teager
Neville L. Holder
Walter Rodriguez
Simon F. Golec
William L. Studt
Philippe Pitchen
Witold L. Tomasik
Vincent L. Windisch
Michael D. Thompson
Anthony T. Gardetto
Geoffrey A. D'Netto
David J. Taube
Synthesis of cyclic hexapeptide core of antifungal drug candidates	129	(2)
Vimal Kishore
Derek Wodka
Edwin O. Lundell
Kenneth W. Funk
Leping Li
Larry L. Klein
Large scale synthesis of a 27-mer: Identification, characterization and suppression of a diastereomer contaminant	131	(2)
Stephen P. Powers
Kathleen M. Keating
Jo-Ann Jablonski
Henry M. Franzen
John Richards
The chemical synthesis of agouti-related protein form C	133	(3)
Charles C. Jimenez
J. Mark Quillan
Edward T. Wei
Wolfgang Sadee
Jaw-Kang Chang
Chemical synthesis and characterization of the hypothalamic form of CART: CART (69-116), a new anorectic neuropeptide	136	(2)
W. Scott Dodson
Dauglas M. Lenz
Bennet J. Harding
Thomas J. Zamborelli
Mitsuru Haniu
Yunjen Young
Mark A. Jarosinski
Application of hydrated salt as a source of essential water for enzymatic peptide synthesis in organic media	138	(2)
Gui-ling Tian
Yuan-yuan Hua
Guo-wen Xing
Xiao-fei He
Yun-hua Ye
Enzymatic synthesis of N-protected amino acid-steroid derivatives in organic solvent	140	(2)
Yun-hua Ye
Guo-wen Xing
Ai-xin Yan
Gui-ling Tian
Chong-xi Li
Peptide amidase-catalyzed C-terminal peptide amidation in a mixture of organic solvents	142	(2)
Vaclav Cerovsky
Maria-Regina Kula
Extending the utility of subtilisin-catalyzed peptide synthesis in organic solvents	144	(2)
Irina V. Getun
Irina Yu. Filippova
Elena N. Lysogorskaya
Anna V. Bacheva
Elena S. Oksenoit
Backbone amide protection in solid-phase synthesis of peptide isosteres derived from N-terminal y-aldehydes	146	(2)
Thomas Groth
Morten Meldal
Klaus Bock
An efficient preparation of O-succinimidyl carbamate derivatives from N-protected β-amino acids: Application to the synthesis of urea containing pseudopeptides and oligoureas	148	(2)
Gilles Guichard
Vincent Semetey
Claude Didierjean
Andre Aubry
Marc Rodriguez
Jean-Paul Briand
Mimicry of peptide backbone and side-chain functions: Synthesis of 5- and 7-hydroxymethyl indolizidinone amino acids and indolizidinone amino dicarboxylate, constrained Ser-Pro and Glu-Pro surrogates	150	(3)
Felix Polyak
William D. Lubell
A Flexible regioselective method for bicyclization of peptides	153	(2)
Petra Johannesson
Gunnar Lindeberg
Weimin Tong
Adolf Gogoll
Anders Karlen
Anders Hallberg
Stereoselective synthesis of dipeptidomimetics using chiral allylic aziridines	155	(2)
Erika Larsson
Wei Berts
Kristina Luthman
Partially-modified retro-inverso β-turn tetrapeptidomimetic	157	(2)
Yinglin Han
Michael Chorev
Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis and Combinatorial Methods	159	(42)
Targeted libraries	161	(3)
Lily Huang
Alice Lee
Jonathan A. Ellman
New technique for high-throughput synthesis of peptides, peptidomimetics and nonpeptide small organic molecule arrays	164	(3)
Michal Lebl
Identification of miniproteins using cellulose-bound duotope scans	167	(3)
Ulrich Reineke
Robert Sabat
Ulrich Hoffmuller
Margit Schmidt
Doreen Kurzhals
Holger Wenschuh
Hans-Dieter Volk
Logthar Germeroth
Jens Schneider-Mergener
Combinatorial peptide synthesis, NMR-aided screening and testing of low molecular weight RNA-ligands	170	(2)
M. Baumann
U. Dietrich, C. Koenigs
C. Griesinger
Synthetic peptide analogs compared with phage display	172	(2)
Lenore M. Martin
Bradley Messmer
David Thaler
Rapid parallel synthesis of 584 betatides, peptides composed largely of beta-amino acids with side-chains not found in natural peptides	174	(2)
Michal Lebl
James Ma
Jaylynn Pires
Colette Dooley
Richard Houghten
SPOCC resins: Polar and chemically inert resins for organic synthesis and library enzyme assays	176	(3)
Morten Meldal
Jorg Rademann
Morten Grotli
Jens Buchardt
Charlotte Gotfredsen
Koen Halkes
Annette Graven Sams
Jens O. Duus, Les Miranda
Phaedria M. St. Hilaire
Preparation and applications of a thioacetal handle for solid-phase synthesis	179	(2)
T. Scott Yokum
George Barany
``Traceless'' solid-phase synthesis of benzimidazole libraries	181	(2)
Wolin Huang
Robert M. Scarborough
Synthesis of small cyclic peptides: An auxiliary approach to address the ``difficult cyclization'' problem	183	(3)
Wim D.F. Meutermans
Simon W. Golding
Greg T. Bourne
Les P. Miranda
Michael J. Dooley
Paul F. Alewood
Mark L. Smythe
On-resin cyclization of the cyclic depsipeptide callipeltin B	186	(3)
Alan G. Benson
Jennifer A. Kowalski
Mark A. Lipton
Combinatorial chemistry: Solid-phase synthesis of heterocyclic compounds from Cα-functionalized amino acids	189	(2)
Adel Nefzi
Marc A. Giulianotti
Nhi A. Ong
Richard A. Houghten
Highly efficient and versatile construction of secondary structure peptide mimetic libraries: Application to biology and drug development	191	(3)
Mark A. Blaskovich
P. Douglas Boatman
Bolong Cao
Masakatsu Eguchi
Hwa-Ok Kim
Min Lee
Tom Little
Felix Mathew
In McCann
Christopher Mehlin
Hiroshi Nakanishi
Sherry Nelson
Minh Nguyen
Cyprian Ogbu
Maher N. Qabar
Fuqiang Ruan
J. Paul Shea
Marcin Stasiak
Jan Urban
Michael Kahn
The usage of a β-sheet template with diversity points to generate libraries using the Irori method	194	(2)
James Dattilo
Burt Goodman
Chris Lum
Chance Elliott
Mark Deiparine
Stephanie Beigel-Orme
Dan Cunningham
Jennifer Young
Solid-phase syntheses of libraries derived from 2-amino-4-carboxy-thiophenol moiety	196	(2)
T. Scott Yokum
Jordi Alsina
George Barany
Solid-phase synthesis of thiol and thioether functions containing peptides and complex organic molecules	198	(3)
Klemenis Barlos
Dimitrios Gatos
Spyros Mourtas
Andriana Nikoletou
Manolis Karavoltsos
Dialekti Bali
Vasiliki Shoina
Peptide and Peptidomimetic Therapeutics and Delivery	201	(136)
Implant and transdermal innovations for peptide and protein delivery	203	(3)
Cynthia L. Stevenson
Peter E. Daddona
Loligomers: Multi-tasking intracellular peptide shuttles	206	(3)
Jean Gariepy
Devender Singh
Kim Kawamura
Stuart Bisland
Utilization of cell-adhesion peptides to improve drug delivery	209	(3)
Teruna J. Siahaan
Irwan Makagiansar
Helena Yusuf-Makagiansar
Ernawati Sinaga
Kenneth L. Audus
Peptide shuttles for cytoplasmic delivery and nuclear targeting of chemotherapeutic agents	212	(2)
Angela D. Ragin
Michelle L. Brickner
Jean Chmielewski
Delivering peptides and peptidomimetics across membrane barriers: A prodrug approach	214	(3)
Wei Wang
Ronald T. Borchardt
David C. Sane
Binghe Wang
Control of apoptosis by using small molecule regulators of Bcl-2 family proteins	217	(2)
Jia-Lun Wang
Zhi-Jia Zhang
Swati Choksi
Simei Shan
Zhixian Lu
Carlo M. Croce
Emad S. Alnemri
Robert Korngold
Ziwei Huang
Bradykini antagonists: Anti-cancer drugs for the new millennium?	219	(3)
John M. Stewart
Lajos Gera
Eunice J. York
Daniel C. Chan
Paul A. Bunn
Barbara Helfrich
Development of the first CGRP-antagonist with nanomolar affinity	222	(2)
Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
Beate Rist
Michael Enzeroth
Silvain Lacroix
DP IV - inhibitors: Potential antidiabetic drugs	224	(3)
D. Schlenzig
S. Kruber
H.A. White
R.A. Pederson
H.-U. Demuth
Synthesis and pharmacological activity of a new antagonist of the OP4 receptor	227	(2)
Remo Guerrini
Severo Salvadori
Roberto Tomatis
Girolamo Calo
Raffaella Bigoni
Anna Rizzi
Domenico Regoli
Opioid dipeptide derivatives with a mixed μ agonist/δ antagonist, partial μ agonist/μ antagonist or δ agonist/partial δ agonist profile	229	(2)
Peter W. Schiller
Grazyna Weltrowska
Thi M.-D. Nguyen
Brian C. Wilkes
Carole Lemieux
Nga N. Chung
Constrained δ opioid peptides: Analogs of DPDPE and deltorphin I containing trimethylphenylalanine instead of phenylalanine	231	(2)
Cheryl A. Slate
Aleksandra Misicka
Keiko Hosohata
Peg Davis
Frank Porreca
Henry I. Yamamura
Victor J. Hruby
Inhibition of α4β1 integrin receptor interactions by bicyclic β-turn mimetics	233	(2)
Marcin Stasiak
Masakatsu Eguchi
Chris Mehlin
Michael Kahn
Recent progress in the field of αv-integrin antagonists	235	(3)
Horst Kessler
Martin Kantlehner
Christoph Gibson
Roland Haubner
Dirk Finsinger
Michael Dechantsreiter
Eckart Planker
Jochen Wermuth
Jorg S. Schmitt
Jorg Meyer
Patricia Schaffner
Gunter Holzemann
Mathias Wiesner
Simon L. Goodman
Diane Hans
J. Alfred Jonczyk
Hans J. Wester
Markus Schwaiger
Cytotoxic derivatives of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH): Synthesis and evaluation	238	(2)
Shai Rahimipour
Georg Gescheidt
Yehuda Mazur
Lev Weiner
Yitzhak Koch
Mati Fridkin
From peptide to non-peptide: The design of LHRH antagonist mimetics	240	(3)
Fortuna Haviv
Wesley Dwight
Bradley Crawford
Rolf Swenson
Milan Bruncko
Michele Kaminiski
Kaneyoshi Kato
Yoshihiro Sugiura
Lisa Frey
Gilbert Diaz
Gary Bammert
Eugene N. Bush
Leslie Besecke
Kurt Mohning
Jason Segreti
Mary Spangler
Craig Wegner
Jonathan Greer
Identification of melanocortin-1 receptor selective small molecule agonists	243	(2)
Carrie Haskell-Luevano
Asa Rosenquist
Andrew Soures
Kathy Kong
Jon Ellman
Roger D. Cone
Identification and exploitation of structural foci that influence conformational mobility in somatostation agonists and antagonists	245	(3)
Barry Morgan
Warren Anderson
David Coy
Michael Culler
Malcolm MacArthur
Dale Mierke
Maria Pellegrini
Andrea Piserchio
Dean Sadat Allee
John Taylor
Pheny1 piperidine-based orally active peptidomimetic agonists for somatostatin receptor subtype-2	248	(2)
Ravi Nargund
Khaled Barakat
Susan Rohrer
Elizabeth Birzin
Theodore Mellin
Doreen Cashen
Thomas Jacks
Klaus Schleim
Ralph Mosley
Gerard Hickey
James Schaeffer
Arthur Patchett
The design and synthesis of non-peptide somatostatin receptor agonists	250	(3)
Lihu Yang
Yanping Pan
Liangqin Guo
Greg Morriello
Alexander Pasternak
Susan Rohrer
James Schaeffer
Arthur A. Patchett
The discovery of orally-active pseudopeptide antagonists of the atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor	253	(3)
Robert T. Jacobs
David Aharony
Vernon Alford
Russell A. Blalecki
Steven E. Cook
Cathy L. Dantzman
Timothy W. Davenport
Steven T. Dock
Philip D. Edwards
Greg A. Hostetler
Alan Kirschner
Russell C. Mauger
Megan Murphy
William E. Palmer
Kara K. Pine
William L. Rumsey
Gary B. Steelman
Jean M. Surian
Mark Sylvester
Edward P. Vacek
Chris A. Veale
Identification of new blockers of HIV - 1 infectivity from synthetic combinatorial libraries	256	(2)
Natalia Reixach
Cesar Boggiano
Sylvie E. Blondelle
Synthetic peptide-based reagents for blocking the entry and inactivation of HIV	258	(2)
Mohammad M. Hossain
Pramod N. Nehete
Sriram Chitta
K. Jagannadha Sastry
Synthesis of model systems of the complement inhibitors, complestatin and chloropeptin	260	(2)
Amy M. Elder
Daniel H. Rich
An intracellular approach for generating stable synthetic peptides and its potential applications	262	(5)
Jennifer R. Walker
James Warren
Elliot Altman
Design and Folding
Talking about TOAC: A novel electron spin resonance probe of peptide conformation	267	(3)
Glenn L. Millhauser
D. Joe Anderson
Joe McNulty
Claudio Toniolo
Marco Crisma
Fernando Formaggio
Peptide folding induced by Cα-methylated, chiral α-amino acids with a long aliphatic side chain	270	(2)
Marco Crisma
Cristina Peggion
Fernando Formaggio
Bernard Kaptein
Quirinus B. Broxterman
Johan Kamphuis
Claudio Toniolo
Constrained amino acid analogs in de novo peptide design	272	(3)
Lars G.J. Hammarstrom
Ted
J. Gauthier
Robert P. Hammer
Mark L. McLaughlin
Peptide folding as a result of the incorporation of large-ring, cycloaliphatic Cα,α-disubstituted glycines	275	(2)
Ettore Benedetti
Michele Saviano
Valeria Manchise
Rosa Iacovino
Marco Crisma
Fernando Formaggio
Alessandro Moretto
Claudio Toniolo
Importance of secondary structure specificity determinants in protein folding and stability	277	(3)
Stanley C. Kwok
Colin T. Mant
Robert S. Hodges
A calorimetric study of the helix-coil transition using a side-chain bridged peptide that folds and unfolds cooperatively	280	(3)
John W. Taylor
Bing Wu
Norma J. Greenfield
Yihua Bruce Yu
Peter L. Privalov
1H-NMR structure of a 14-residue peptide incorporating a rigid, helix-stabilizing, (i, i+7)-side-chain bridge	283	(2)
Min Zhang
Changxi Yu
Jean Baum
John W. Taylor
The design of heterodimeric coiled-coil domains for diagnostic display systems	285	(2)
Jennifer R. Litowski
Robert S. Hodges
Structural investigations of designed glycosylated helix-loop-helix polypeptide motifs	287	(2)
Linda Andersson
Lars Baltzer
Effect of D-amino acid substitutions on amphipathic α-helical structure	289	(2)
Darin L. Lee
Jason Chen
Kurt C. Wagschal
Sean McKenna
Ben Harland
Colin T. Mant
Robert S. Hodges
Metal induced assembly and folding of a triple stranded α-helical peptide	291	(2)
Toshiki Tanaka
Xiangqun Li
Kazuo Suzuki
Design of small symmetrical four-helix bundle proteins	293	(2)
Daniel Grell
Jane S. Richardson
David C. Richardson
Manfred Mutter
Cavitand templated de novo four-helix bundles	295	(2)
Diana Wallhorn
Adam R. Mezo
John C. Sherman
Expanding the repertoire of helical bundles: Stabilization of five+helical bundles	297	(3)
Cynthia L. Micklatcher
Ray Lutgring
Scott Hart
Roy Issac
Jean Chmielewski
Induction of α-helical protein-like molecular architecture by mono-and dialkyl hydrocarbon chains	300	(2)
Pilar Forns
Gregg B. Fields
The peptide 310-helix: Historical background and recent structural studies and applications	302	(3)
Claudio Toniolo
Marco Crisma
Fernando Formaggio
The effects of stereochemistry and sequence on 5-t-butylproline type VI β-turn mimics	305	(2)
Liliane Halab
William D. Lubell
Torsion angle based design of a βI turn adopting dipeptide (Ac-Aib-AzGly-NH2)	307	(2)
Ho-Jin Lee
Seonggu Ro
In-Ae Ahn
Dong-Kyu Shin
Kang-Bong Lee
Chang-Ju Yoon
Young-Sang Choi
Conformational analysis of azaproline and other turn inducers	309	(2)
Anders Berglund
Garland R. Marshall
Strain-free disulfide bridge and stabilization of β-ribbon structures in short peptides	311	(2)
Krishnan P. Nambiar
Selvasekaran Janardhanam
Devan Balachari
Roles of proline residues in the structure and folding of a β-clam protein	313	(3)
Stephen J. Eyles
Jennifer A. Habink
Kannan Gunasekaran
Lila M. Gierasch
Self-assembly of synthetic peptides: Formation of amphipathic surfaces and head-to-tail self-assembly	316	(2)
Ernest Giralt
Ionara Dalcol
Oscar Millet
Miquel A. Contreras
Tina Ferrer
Miriam Royo
Miquel Pons
Ernesto Nicolas
Rotamer number revealed as another parameter to gauge the quality of packing in folded proteins	318	(2)
Y. Bruce Yu
Pierre Levigne
Peter L. Privalov
Robert S. Hodges
The side-chain classification of loops from high resolution protein crystal structures	320	(2)
T.T. Tran
G.T. Bourne
S.W. Golding
W.D.F. Meutermans
M.L. Smythe
Dynamics and stability of partially folded and unfolded BPTI analogs	322	(3)
Elisar Barbar
Michael Hare
George Barany
Clare Woodward
Conformational studies with optical spectroscopy of peptides taken from hairpin sequences in the human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit	325	(2)
R.A. Gangani D. Silva
Simon A. Sherman
Elliott Bedows
Timothy A. Keiderling
The mechanism of the propeptide-mediated folding of guanylyl cyclase activating peptides	327	(3)
Yuji Hidaka
Megumu Ohno
Chisei Shimono
Masamichi Okamura
Axel Schulz
Knut Adermann
Wolf-Georg Forssmann
Yasutsugu Shimonishi
The a-factor lipopeptide pheromone of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Synthesis, bioactivity, and biophysical analyses of position 4, 5 analogs	330	(4)
Haibo Xie
Jeffrey M. Becker
Fred Naider
Structural implications of a novel peptide dimerizer sequence when anchored to terminal ends of different peptide motifs	332
Tarikere L. Gururaja
Tong Lin
Donald G. Payan
D. C. Anderson
Hydrogen-bonded self-assembled peptide nanotubes from cystine-based macrocycles containing bisurea or hydrocarbon segments	334	(3)
Isabella L. Karle
Darshan Ranganathan
Non-Globular Proteins: Folding and Function	337	(28)
Heterotrimeric collagen peptides as substrates of metalloproteinases	339	(3)
Johannes Ottl
Daniela Gabriel
Wolfram Bode
Luis Moroder
Selective hydrolysis of triple-helical peptides by matrix metalloproteinases	342	(2)
Janelle Lauer-Fields
Hideaki Nagase
Gregg B. Fields
The stereoelectronic basis of collagen stability	344	(3)
Ronald T. Raines
Lynn E. Bretscher
Steven K. Holmgren
Kimberly M. Taylor
Contribution of mainchain-mainchain hydrogen bonds to the conformational stability of triple-helical collagen	347	(2)
Mark A. Danielson
Ronald T. Raines
Density measurements and differential scanning calorimetry of collagen model peptides	349	(3)
Susumu Uchiyama
Testsuo Tomiyama
Tsutomu Kai
Kazuhiro Hukada
Koichi Kajiyama
Yuji Kobayashi
Design, synthesis and conformations of novel triple-helical collagen mimetic structures	352	(3)
Murray Goodman
Juliann Kwak
Elsa Locardi
Effect of fluoro-substituted proline residues on the conformational stability of triple-helical collagen mimics	355	(2)
Lynn E. Bretscher
Kimberly M. Taylor
Ronald T. Raines
Modulating the conformational stability of triple-helical collagen by chemical modification	357	(2)
Cara L. Jenkins
Kimberly M. Taylor
Ronald T. Raines
The assembly and analysis of collagen mimetics on a tris(2-aminoethyl) amine template	359	(2)
Juliann Kwak
Elsa Locardi
Murray Goodman
Creating functional collagen peptide architectures on solid surfaces	361	(4)
Yoav Dori
Havazelet Bianco-Peled
Sushil K. Satja
Gregg B. Fields
James B. McCarthy
Mathew V. Tirrell
Transmembrane Peptides and Proteins	365	(26)
δ-Regions in proteins: Helices mispredicted as transmembrane segments by the threshold hydrophobicity requirement	367	(3)
Chen Wang
Li-Ping Liu
Charles M. Deber
Dimerization of transmembrane helices studied using de novo designed hydrophobic peptides	370	(2)
Roman A. Melnyk
Charles M. Deber
Transmembrane helix-helix recognition modeled by disulfide trapping in organic-aqueous solutions	372	(2)
Lei Xie
John W. Taylor
Determination of the relative positions between TMH V and VI of the μ opioid receptor using site-directed mutagenesis	374	(2)
Carol B. Fowler
Irina D. Pogozheva
Huda Akil
Harry LeVine, III
Henry I. Mosberg
Biophysical studies on a transmembrane peptide of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-factor receptor	376	(3)
Fred R. Naider
Boris Arshava
Haibo Xie
Shi-feng Liu
Woei Y. Eng
Shu-Hua Wang
Kathleen Valentine
Gianluigi Veglia
Francesca Marassi
Stanley J. Opella
Jeffrey M. Becker
Helix-helix interactions between transmembrance α-helices 3 and 4 within the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein	379	(2)
Anthony W. Partridge
Charles M. Deber
Chemical approach for evaluating role of cysteine residurs in pentameric phospholamban structure: Effect on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-A TPase	381	(2)
Christine B. Karim
Laxma G. Reddy
Gregory W. Hunter
Yvonne M. Angell
George Barany
David D. Thomas
Synthesis and biophysical characterization of highly hydrophobic transmembrane peptides	383	(2)
Stefano Pegoraro
Simon Hellstern
Ariel Lustig
Sabine Frank
Jurgen Engel
Luis Moroder
Conformational studies of a detergent-bound transmembrane segment of the rat bradykinin receptor	385	(2)
Mercedes T. Grijalba
Shirley Schreier
Eliandre Oliveira
Clovis R. Nakaie
Antonio Miranda
Mineko Tominaga
Antonio C. M. Paiva
Gramicidin A: Sturcture and dynamic properties	387	(4)
William L. Duax
Brian M. Burkhart
Vladmir Pletnev
Analytical and Biophysical Methods	391	(26)
The proteome: Analysis and utility	393	(3)
Ruedi Aebersold
Beate Rist
Steven P. Gygi
NMR analysis tools for the peptide sciences	396	(3)
Paul A. Keifer
Studying structures attached to solid supports by high resolution magic angle spinning NMR (HR MAS NMR)	399	(3)
Ralf Warrass
Christophe Boutilon
Jean-Michel Wieruszeski
Guy Lippens
Determination of specific peptide-micelle interactions using NMR spectroscopy	402	(2)
Deborah A. Kallick
Charles R. Watts
Protein dynamics by hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry: Purine nucleoside phosphorylase	404	(3)
Fang Wang
Robert Miles
Edward Nieves
Vern Schramm
Ruth Hogue Angeletti
Fragmentation and sequencing of cyclic peptides by MALDI-PSD mass spectrometry	407	(2)
Birgit Schilling
Katalin F. Medzihradszky
Wei Wang
John S. McMurray
LC/MS reversed-phase columns with excellent polypeptide resolution in low concentrations of TFA and acetic acid	409	(2)
Michael K. Li
Paul J. Kostel
Application of single bead FTIR in the optimization of solid-phase combinatorial and parallel syntheses	411	(3)
Bing Yan
Analysis of local conformation within helical peptides via isotope-edited vibrational spectroscopy	414	(3)
S.M. Decatur
T.A. Keiderling
R.A.G.D. Silva
P. Bour
Enzymes and Enzyme Inhibitors	417	(68)
The role of zymogenicity in caspase activation: How to trigger programmed cell death	419	(3)
Guy S. Salvesen
Papain has a tolerance for D-stereochemistry at P1 like caspases	422	(2)
Sandor Bajusz
Iren Fauszt
Eva Barabas
Klara Nemeth
Attila Juhasz
Positive and negative selectivity in protease evolution: Investigation of the specificities of plasmin, t-PA, u-PA, and PSA using substrate phage display	424	(3)
David R. Corey
Robert C. Bergstrom
Gary S. Coombs
Edwin L. Madison
Crystal structures of novel insect serine protease inhibitors complexed to bovine α-chymotrypsin	427	(2)
Alain Roussel
Christine Kellenberger
Magali Mathieu
Bang Luu
Christian Cambillau
Inhibitors of the bradykinin-degrading enzyme, aminopeptidase	429	(2)
P. William H. Simmons
Arthur
T. Orawski
Linda L. Maggiora
Design and synthesis of AHHpA isosteres for potential inhibition of methionine aminopeptidase-1	431	(2)
Stacy J. Keding
Daniel H. Rich
A first subnanomolar and in vivo active inhibitor of aminopeptidase A (EC 3.4.11.7)	433	(2)
Christelle David
Laurent Bischoff
Annabelle Reaux
Catherine Llorens-Cortes
Marie-Claude Fournie-Zaluski
Bernard P. Roques
A novel stable inhibitor of endopeptidases EC 3.4.24.15 and 3.4.24.16 potentiates bradykinin induced hypotension	435	(3)
Ian Smith
Rebecca A. Lew
Corie N. Shrimpton
Roger G. Evans
Giovanni Abbenante
Structural requirements for collagenolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1)	438	(3)
Linda Chung
Ken-ichi Shimokawa
Hideaki Nagase
The synthesis of matrix metalloprotease inhibitor libraries using a hybrid mix/split parallel approach	441	(2)
Robert M. Sanchez
Todd L. Graybill
Michael L. Moore
Daniel F. Veber
Combinatorial library of phosphinic peptides for discovery of MMP inhibitors on solid-phase	443	(2)
Jens Buchardt
Christian Bruun Schiodt
Mercedes Ferreras
Niels T. Foged
Jean-Marie Delaisse
Morten Meldal
Selectivity in inhibition of proteolytic enzymes from Plasmodium falciparum	445	(3)
Ben Dunn
Jennifer Westling
Mezeda Meze
Sheetal Nagar
Jeannette Gootjes
Patty Cipullo
Howard Saft
Amit Mathur
Tim Lee
Minh Lam
John Dame
Pavel Majer
John Erickson
Su-Hwi Hung
Proteolytic splicing of Hb α-chain peptides with internal deletions	448	(2)
Sonati Srinivasulu
Seetharama A. Acharya
In vivo detection of tumor associated protease activity using long circulating fluorescent labeled peptide substrates	450	(3)
Ching-Hsuan Tung
Sebastian Bredow
Umar Mahmood
Ralph Weissleder
Novel inhibitors of the osteoclast specific cysteine protease, cathepsin K	453	(3)
Daniel F. Veber
Dennis S. Yamashita
Hye-Ja Oh
Brian R. Smith
Kevin Salyers
Mary Levy
Chao-Pin Lee
Antonia Marzulli
Phil Smith
Ted Tomaszek
David Tew
Michael McQueney
George B. Stroup
Michael W. Lark
Ian E. James
Maxine Gowen
A combinatorial approach to the identification of cysteine protease substrates and inhibitors by application of a solid-phase fluorescence quenching assay	456	(3)
Phaedria M. St. Hilaire
Sanya Sanderson
Maria A. Juliano
Marianne Willert
Jeremy Mottram
Graham Coombs
Luiz Juliano
Morten Meldal
Pseudopeptide farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors containing 5, 5-dimethy lthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid	459	(2)
Jesse Z. Dong
Christine Le Breton
Barry A. Morgan
Gregoire Prevost
Isabelle Viossat
Marie C. Brezak
M-Odile Lonchampt
Jeffrey Lauer
Mark Carlson
Philip G. Kasprzyk
Design of peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase inhibitors as anticancer agents	461	(2)
Seonggu Ro
Jinho Lee
Seon-Goan Beak
Hae Yeon Cho
Jong Hyun Kim
Dong-Kyu Shin
Won-Hee Jung
Chihyo Park
Hyunil Lee
Yu Seung Shin
In-Ae Ahn
Jung-Kwon Yoo
Mijeong Kim
Kiwon Park
Kyungduk Moon
Hyun-Ho Chung
Jong-Sung Koh
Protein farnesyltransferase exhibits pH-dependent activity towards H-Ras peptide substrates	463	(2)
Matthew J. Saderholm
Kendra E. Hightower
Patrick J. Casey
Carol A. Fierke
Biosynthesis and enzymatic characterization of human SKI -1 and the processing of its inhibitory prosegment	465	(2)
Bakary B. Toure
Ajoy Basak
Jon Scott Munzer
Suzanne Benjannet
Michael Chretien
Nabil G. Seidah
Structural studies of peptide inhibitors bound to hepatitis C virus protease yield insights into the mechanism of action of the enzyme	467	(3)
Antonello Pessi
Stefania Orru
Paolo Ingallinella
Raffaele Ingenito
Uwe Koch
Piero Pucci
Elisabetta Bianchi
Optimization of a continuous assay for obtaining sensitive kinetic data on the inhibition of the HCV NS3 protease	470	(2)
Marguerita S. L. Lim-Wilby
Susanne M. Anderson
John Gaudette
Odile E. Levy
Thomas Nolan
Peter W. Bergum
Molecular docking of peptide inhibitors to the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease	472	(2)
Mark Shenderovich
Jing Wang
Cindy Fisher
Kalyanaraman Ramnarayan
Ruben Abagyan
Analysis of substrate specificity of HIV protease species	474	(2)
Martin Hradilek
Marketa Rinnova
Cyril Barinka
Milan Soucek
Jan Konvalinka
Structure/activity studies of peptide library-based integrase inhibitors	476	(2)
Feng-Di T. Lung
Ya-Qiu Long
Nouri Neamati
Yves Pommier
Peter P. Roller
(Z)-Alkene phospho-Ser-cis-Pro substrate analog for Pin1, a phosphorylation-dependent peptidyl-prolyl isomerase	478	(3)
Scott A. Hart
Felicia A. Etzkorn
C-terminal peptides as inhibitors and probes of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase	481	(4)
Barry S. Cooperman
Bari A. Barwis
Sebastian Liehr
Catherine D. Pothion
Xu Wu
Ossama Kashlan
Targeted Protein and Peptide Engineering	485	(44)
Expressed protein ligation: A new tool for studying protein structure and function	487	(3)
Graham J. Cotton
Tom W. Muir
Combinatorial synthesis of de novo metalloproteins with tuned redox potential	490	(3)
Harald K. Rau
Niels DeJonge
Wolfgang Haehnel
Catalysis of pyridoxal phosphate mediated transamination	493	(3)
Lars Baltzer
Malin Allert
Synthetic steps toward de novo designed catalytic five helix bundle proteins	496	(2)
Cynthia L. Micklatcher
Ray A. Lutgring
Jean Chemielewski
HisH+-His reactive sites in cataslytic four-helix bundle catalysts	498	(2)
Jonas Nilsson
Lars Baltzer
Semisynthetic approaches for the design of proteins with catalytic activity using fatty acid binding protein as a scaffold	500	(3)
Mark D. Distefano
Hao Kuang
Dongfeng Qi
Dietmar Haring
Jeramia Ory
Leonard J. Banaszak
A peptide spacer in fullerene (C60)-based donor-acceptor dyad	503	(2)
Claudio Toniolo
Alessandra Polese
Alberto Bianco
Michele Maggini
Gianfranco Scorrano
Dirk M. Guldi
Complexation of metal ions by pseudopeptides	505	(2)
Lydia Seyfarth
Georg Greiner
Ullrich Sternberg
Siegmund Reissmann
Photomodulation of conformational states in cyclic peptides by cis/trans isomerization of azobenzene	507	(2)
Raymond Behrendt
Christian Renner
Jorg Cramer
Michaela Schenk
Josef Wachtveitl
Dieter Oesterhelt
Luis Moroder
Design and synthesis of two potent amide linked cyclic analogs of the hormone angiotensin II confirm the importance of ring cluster and relay system in its possible bioactive conformation	509	(2)
Panagiota Roumelioti
Ludmila Polevaya
Demetrios V. Vlahokos
Thomas M. Mavromoustakos
Antonios Kolocouris
Theodoros Tselios
John M. Matsoukas
Endothelin precursor isoforms: Structural basis for rational drug design of ECE inhibitors	511	(2)
Nora Cronin
Heather Peto
B. A. Wallace
Rational development of an anti-HIV protein active at low picomolar concentrations	513	(3)
Jill Wilken
Darren Thompson
Laurent Picard
Stephen B. Kent
Oliver Hartley
Robin E. Offord
Rational engineering of a miniprotein inhibitor of HIV-1 infectivity	516	(3)
C. Vita
E. Drakopoulou
J. Vizzavona
S. Rochette
L. Martin
A. Menez
C. Roumestand
Y.-S. Yang
L. Ylisastigui
A. Benjouad
J. C. Gluckman
Design and synthesis of a chimeric TASP molecule as potential inhibitor in cell adhesion processes	519	(2)
Gabriele Tuchscherer
Daniel Grell
Jimenaz Fernandez
Patricia Durieux
Sylvain Giraud
Marc Schapira
Oliver Spertini
Design and synthesis of salt-insensitive cyclic α-defensins	521	(2)
Qitao Yu
Robert I. Lehrer
James P. Tam
Conformational studies on three synthetic C-terminal fragments of the α subunit of a Gs protein	523	(2)
Stefania Albrizio
Annamaria D'Ursi
Giovanni Greco
Maria R. Mazzoni
Ettore Novellino
Paolo Rovero
Insights into glycoproteins: A structural motif for mucins from a glycopeptide	525	(4)
David H. Live
R. Ajay Kumar
Lawrence Williams
Dalibor Sames
Receptors and Recptor Interactions	529	(24)
Towards artificial antibodies: Protein surface recognition by synthetic receptors	531	(3)
Andrew D. Hamilton
Hyong Soon Park
Qing Lin
Rishi Jain
Synthetic oxytocin receptors prepared by molecular imprinting	534	(2)
Maria Kempe
Peptide mimetics of erythropoietin are powerful probes of receptor activation mechanisms	536	(3)
Dana L. Johnson
Francis X. Farrell
Steven A. Middleton
Oded Livnah
Francis P. Barbone
Frank J. McMahon
Jennifer Tullai
Enrico A. Stura
Ian A. Wilson
Linda K. Jolliffee
Recombinant, C-terminally-tagged forms of the human insulin receptor extracellular domain retain insulin binding ability	539	(2)
Teresa M. Kubiak
Michael L. Swanson
Peter K. W. Harris
Darrell R. Thomsen
John E. Bleasdale
Lisa A. Adams
Roger F. Drong
Che-Shen C. Tomich
Rolf F. Kletzein
New dimensions in the design of potent and receptor selective melanotropin analogs	541	(2)
Paolo Grieco
Guoxia Han
Victor J. Hruby
Design and biological activity of new high-affinity ligands for the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (CD87)	543	(3)
Niko Schmiedeberg
Markus Burgle
Olaf Wilhelm
Friedrich Lottspeich
Henner Graeff
Manfred Schmitt
Viktor Magdolen
Horst Kessler
Total synthesis of maxadilan and its disulfide isomers, and structural requirements for binding to the PACAP type 1 receptor	546	(2)
Kiyoshi Nokihara
Tadashi Yasuhara
Yoshihiro Nakata
Victor Wray
Solid state conformation of serine3 DPDPE	548	(2)
Judith L. Flippen-Anderson
Jeffrey R. Deschamps
Clifford George
Victor J. Hruby
Mark Shenderovich
Andrzej Lipkowski
Aleksandra Misticka
The cation-π interaction: From structural biology to neuroreceptor binding sites	550	(3)
Dennis A. Dougherty
Signal Transduction (including G-Protein-Coupled Transmembrance Receptors)	553	(54)
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of lipidated peptide and protein conjugates: Tools for the study of biological signal transduction	555	(3)
Herbert Waldmann
Bone-targeted, nonpeptide inhibitors of the Src SH2 domain: Structure-based design and structure-activity relationships	558	(3)
Regine Bohacek
Manfred Weigele
Virginia Jacobsen
Karina Macek
George Luke
Raji Sundaramoorthi
Chester Metcalf III
William
Shakespeare
Michael Yang
Yihan Wang
Noriyuki Kawahata
Craig Takeuchi
Chand Haraldson
Vaibhav Varkheadkar
Daniel Johnson
Marcos Hatoda
Xiaode Lu
Surinder Narula
Charles Eyermann
Shelia Violette
Catherine Bartlett
Wei Guan
Jeremy Smith
Sue Adams
Berkley Lynch
Ian MacNeil
Marie Rose van Schravendijk
Karin Stebbins
Susan Wood
Ping Li
Ruth Yuan
David Dalgarno
Frank Cerasoli
Tomi Sawyer
Nonpeptide inhibitors of the pp60c-src (Src) SH2 domain: Discovery of a novel phosphotyrosine mimetic	561	(2)
Noriyuki Kawahata
Michael Yang
George Luke
William Shakespeare
Raji Sundaramoorthi
Yihan Wang
Daniel Johnson
Taylor Merry
Shelia Violette
Wei Guan
Catherine Bartlett
Jeremy Smith
Marcos Hatada
Xiaode Lu
Charles Eyermann
Regine Bohacek
David Dalgarno
Tomi Sawyer
Phosphotyrosyl peptides targeted to the SH2 domain are potent inhibitors of the kinase activity of pp60c-src	563	(3)
Latha Ramdas
Wei Wang
Raymond J. A. Budde
John S. McMurray
Novel phosphotyrosyl mimetics for the preparation of potent small molecule Grb2 SH2 domain inhibitors	566	(2)
Yang Gao
Zhu-Jun Yao
Johannes Voigt
Juliet H. Luo
Dajun Yang
Terrence R. Burke
High affinity nonphosphorylated cyclic peptide inhibitors of Grb2-SH2/growth factor receptor interactions	568	(3)
Ya-Qiu Long
Feng-Di T. Lung
Johannes H. Voigt
Zhu-Jun Yao
Terrence R. Burke
Dajun Yang
Juliet H. Luo
Ribo Guo
C. Richter King
Peter P. Roller
NMR based solution structure and dynamics of a nonphosphorylated cyclic peptide inhibitor for the Grb2 SH2 domain	571	(2)
Feng-Di T. Lung
Ming-Tao Pai
Yuan-Chou Lou
Shiou-Ru Tzeng
Peter P. Roller
Jya-Wei Cheng
Potent Grb2-SH2 antagonists containing asparagine mimetics	573	(3)
Pascal Furet
Brigitte Gay
Joseph Schoepfer
Martin Zeller
Joseph Rahuel
Yoshitaka Satoh
Carlos Garcia-Echeverria
Design and synthesis of a new tyrosine analog having xχ1 and xχ2 angles constrained to values observed for an SH2 domain-bound phosphotyrosyl residue	576	(3)
Zhu-Jun Yao
Joseph J. Barchi
Terrence R. Burke
Synthesis of more rigid consolidated ligands for the dual Src homology domain SH(32) of Abelson: Strategies to achieve higher affinities	579	(2)
Lin Chen
Qinghong Xu
David Cowburn
George Barany
A common ligand-binding site in G-protein coupled receptors	581	(2)
Laerte Oliveira
Gerrit Vriend
Antonio C. M. Paiva
Bound conformations for ligands of G-protein coupled receptors	583	(2)
Garland R. Marshall
Rino Ragno
Gergely M. Makara
Rieko Arimoto
Oleg Kisselev
Modeling of secretin-like G-protein coupled receptors	585	(2)
Irina D. Pogozheva
Andrei L. Lomize
Henry I. Mosberg
Synthetic peptides of the α subunit of Gs protein inhibit receptor mediated adenyly1 cyclase	587	(2)
Paolo Rovero
Claudia Galoppini
Simone Taddei
Laura Giusti
Maria R. Mazzoni
Point mutation in TM6 of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in agonist activity of the MC4R antagonist SHU9119	589	(3)
Carrie Haskell-Luevano
Y. -P. Wan
Roger D. Cone
Modulation of NK-2 receptor associated G-protein signaling by alteration of the aromatic residue at position six in neurokinin A analogs	592	(2)
Dmitry S. Gembitsky
Richard F. Murphy
Sandor Lovas
Peptide mimetics of receptor extracellular domains modulate signal transduction by P2Y2 receptors	594	(3)
Julia Brown
Colin A. Brown
Ashley Martin
Ulo Langel
John Howl
Molecular characterization of the interaction between parathyroid hormone and its receptor	597	(3)
Dale F. Mierke
Christian Rolz
Maria Pellegrini
Glucagon receptor causes glucagon-dependent activation of Erk1/2 in H22 stable cell lines	600	(2)
Aaron M Cypess
Evan D. Muse
Cui-Rong Wu
Cecilia G. Unson
Thomas P. Sakmar
Peptides for elucidating the signal transduction pathways of CTLA-4 and CD28	602	(2)
D. H. Singleton
J.P. Gardner
G.C. Andrews
T.S. Fisher
J.M. Duerr
B.C. Guarino
D. Nunez
M.-L. Alegre
M.J. Neveu
Design and synthesis of inhibitors of the protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2	604	(3)
Erin E. Wimmers
Jim L. Lehnhoff
Elizabeth A. Ottinger
Peptide Applications for Biological Systems	607	(70)
Efficacy: What is it, and why you should care	609	(3)
Victor J. Hruby
Development of a chemical microarray technology	612	(2)
James R. Falsey
Shijun Li
Kit S. Lam
Cyclopentapeptides as conformational templates for validating three dimensional models of pharmacophores	614	(2)
Gregory V. Nikiforovich
Novel opioid peptides as kappa opioid receptor antagonists	616	(3)
Jane V. Aldrich
Qiang Wan
Thomas F. Murray
H-Tyr-Tic-Phe-OH related δ opioid agonists and antagonists have similar receptor-bound conformations but different pharmacophores	619	(2)
Brian C. Wilkes
Peter W. Schiller
Mapping the binding epitopes of IGF-1 and a phage-library derived peptide that inhibits IGFBP-1 binding to insulin-like growth factor	621	(3)
Henry B. Lowman
Yvonne Chen
David Jackson
Cliff Quan
Manuel Baca
Yves Dubaquie
Nicholas Skelton
Stereochemical requirements for receptor recognition of the μ-opioid peptide endomorphin-1: Biological activity, NMR and conformational analysis of D-amino acid substituted analogs	624	(2)
M. Germana Paterlini
Francesca Avitabile
Beverly Gaul Ostrowski
David M. Ferguson
Philip S. Portoghese
Stimulation and suppression of the immune response and hemopoiesis by novel natural and synthetic peptides	626	(2)
Vladislav I. Deigin
Alexandr M. Poverenny
Olga V. Semina
Tamara N. Semenets
Relating peptide presentation and biological response through supported films of peptide amphiphiles	628	(2)
Sarah E. Ochsenhirt
Angela K. Dillow
Effrosini Kokkoli
James B. McCarthy
Gregg B. Fields
Matt Tirrell
Studying the influence of prolyl amide geometry on bioactivity with 5-t-butylproline oxytocin analogs	630	(2)
Laurent Belec
Jirina Slaninova
William D. Lubell
The effect of disulfide bond replacement by a methylenedithioether bond on the biological activity of oxytocin and deaminooxytocin	632	(2)
Jirina Slaninova
Alena Machova
Takayoshi Ikeo
Masaaki Ueki
Increased serum stability of neurotensin analogs containing arginine mimics	634	(2)
Michelle A. Schmidt
Jack L. Erion
Lori K. Chinen
Joseph E. Bugaj
R. Randy Wilhelm
Ananth Srinivasan
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new series of bombesin analogs	636	(3)
Michele Cristau
Chantal Devin
Catherine Oiry
Jean-Claude Galleyrand
Julie Pannequin
Nicole Bernad
Jean-Alain Fehrentz
Jean Martinez
Molecular pharmacology of vasopressin receptors	639	(2)
Claude Barberis
Bernard Mouillac
Rene Seyer
Sylvie Phalipou
Nathalie Cotte
Marie-Noelle Balestre
Denis Morin
Thierry Durroux
Marcel Hibert
Maurice Manning
Discovery of new lead for the design of antagonists of human vasopressin (VP) V1b receptor	641	(2)
Sylvain Derick
Claude Barberis
Christophe Breton
Gilles Guillon
W. Y. Chan
Stoytcho Stoev
LingLing Cheng
Maurice Manning
Biological studies on chimeric dimers of oxytocin and the V2-antagonist, d(CH2)5[D-lle2, lle4]arginine vasopressin	643	(2)
Jirina Slaninova
Alena Machova
Regina Golser
Lin Chen
George Barany
Structure and activity of human parathyroid hormone N-terminal fragments in solution	645	(2)
Ute Marx
Knut Adermann
Markus Meyer
Wolf-Georg Forssmann
and Paul Rosch
Homology-based analysis of thrombin receptors	647	(2)
Ludmila Polevaya
John Matsoukas
Substitution of cysteic acid for the seven phosphorylated residues in bovine rhodopsin C-terminal peptide	649	(2)
Anatol Arendt
J. Hugh McDowell
Ron Miller
W. Clay Smith
Paul A. Hargrave
The receptor binding domain of apolipoprotein E, linked to a model class A amphipathic helix, enhances internalization and degradation of LDL in fibroblasts	651	(2)
Manjula Chaddha
Geeta Datta
David W. Garber
Byong Hong Chung
Ewan M. Tytler
William A. Bradley
Sandra H. Gianturco
G. M. Anantharamaiah
Multimeric forms of lebetin peptide enhance the inhibition of platelet aggregation	653	(2)
Kamel Mabrouk
Ma. Jose Gonzalez
Imed Regaya
Naziha Marrakchi
Ernest Giralt
Jurphaas Van Rietschoten
Mohamed El Ayeb
Herve Rochat
New LHRH antagonists with enhanced biological activity: Preclinical and clinical results	655	(3)
Bernhard Kutscher
Michael Bernd
Eckhard Gunther
Wolfgang Deger
Thomas Reissmann
Thomas Beckers
Romano Deghenghi
Jurgen Engle
Novel, water soluble and long acting GnRH antagonists	658	(2)
Guangcheng Jiang
Jacek Stalewski
Robert Galyean
Claudio Schteingart
Pierre Broqua
Audrey Aebi
Michel L. Aubert
Graeme Semple
Karen Akinsanya
Robert Haigh
Pierre Riviere
Jerzy Trojnar
Jean L. Junien
Jean E. Rivier
Relaxin and relaxin-related peptides: Synthesis, structure and biological function	660	(4)
Geoffrey W. Tregear
Ross A. Bathgate
Antonia A. Claasz
Nicola F. Dawson
Tania Ferraro
Mary Macris
Marc Mathieu
Roger J. Summers
Yean-Yeow Tan
Ling Zhao
John D. Wade
Towards defining the biologically active site of relaxin	664	(2)
John D. Wade
Yean-Yeow Tan
Laszlo Otvos
Roger J. Summers
Geoffrey W. Tregear
Solution structure and RNA-binding activity of the N-terminal leucine-repeat region of hepatitis delta antigen	666	(2)
Jya-Wei Cheng
L-Jin Lin
Yuan-Chao Lou
Ming-Tao Pai
Huey-Nan Wu
SAR of the novel neuropeptides orexin-A and B	668	(3)
Mark A. Jarosinski
W. Scott Dodson
Bennet J. Harding
Thomas J. Zamborelli
Douglas M. Lenz
Keegan Cooke
Hai Yan
James Baumgartner
E. William Karbon
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and its analogs: A structure/function analysis	671	(3)
Leonard G. Contillo
Kim M. Andrews
Glenn C. Andrews
Walter W. Massefski
Janice C. Parker
David H. Singleton
Ralph W. Stevenson
Jane M. Withka
Engineering and chemical synthesis of the HCV protease transmembrane protein cofactor NS4A	674	(3)
Elisabetta Bianchi
Raffaele Ingenito
Reyna J. Simon
Antonello Pessi
Immunological Roles for Peptides (including Vaccine Development)	677	(34)
Can a discontinuous viral antigenic site be chemically reproduced? A rational approach to a difficult problem	679
E. Borras
J. Villen, E. Giralt
D. Andreu
An HLA class II restricted T-cell is able to recognize about a million different peptides	681	(2)
Hoebert S. Hiemstra
Peter A. van Veelen
Sabine J. M. Willemen
Willemien E. Benckhuijsen
Annemieke Geluk
Bart O. Roep
Jan W. Driifhout
Identification and optimization of antigens for T cell clones of clinical relevance using positional scanning combinatorial libraries	683	(2)
Clemencia Pinilla
Richard Houghten
Darcy Wilson
Roland Martin
In situ identification of T helper cell epitopes from a cellulose-bound peptide array	685	(2)
Laszlo Otvos
Krisztina Bokonyi
Anne Marie Pease
Wynetta Giles-Davis
Mark E. Rogers
Paul A. Hintz
Ralf Hoffmann
Hildegund C. J. Ertl
Cells activation modulates binding of an LFA-1 peptide to the T-cell adhesion receptors	687	(2)
Helena Yusuf-Makagiansar
Teruna J. Siahaan
A CD28 CDR3 peptide analog inhibits CD4+ T-cell proliferation in vitro	689	(2)
Mythily Srinivasan
Richard M. Wardrop
Caroline C. Whitacre
Pravin T.P. Kaumaya
Induction of an Ag-specific CTL response by a conformationally biased agonist of human C5a anaphylatoxin as a molecular adjuvant	691	(2)
J. Terry Ulrich
Witold Cieplak
Natalii Paczkowski
Stephen M. Taylor
Sam D. Sanderson
Modulation of proteasomal activity in vitro induces the generation of an HLA-A*-0201 specific CTL-defined epitope derived from the melanoma-associated antigen MAGE-3	693	(2)
Catherine Servis
Frederic Levy
Jean-C. Cerottini
Pedro Romero
Danila Valmori
Evaluation of the immunogenicity of peptide and DNA constructs for HER-2/neu epitopes	695	(2)
Hao Jiang
Christopher Walker
Jeffrey M. Fowler
Larry J. Copeland
Pravin T. Kaumaya
Lipophilic modifications of peptide epitopes: T-cell response and susceptibility to peptidases	697	(3)
Anna M. Papini
Elena Nardi
Silvia Mazzucco
Benedetta Mazzanti
Elisabetta Traggiai
Clara Ballerini
Hubert Kalbacher
Hermann Beck
Mario Chelli
Mauro Gianneschi
Luca Massacesi
Marco Vergelli
Peptide vaccine strategy for immunotherapy of HER-2/neu overexpressing cancers	700	(2)
Naveen Dakappagari
Donna-Beth Woodbine
Pierre Triozzi
Vernon Stevens
Pravin T. P. Kaumaya
Rational design of a subtype-specific peptide vaccine against Neisseria meningitis	702	(2)
Clasien J. Oomen
Alexandre M.J.J. Bonvin
Simon r. Haseley
Peter Hoogherhout
Loek van Alphen
Jan Kroon
Piet Gros
Immune response to a conformational peptide vaccine for HTLV - 1	704	(2)
Melanie Frangione
Michael D. Lairmore
Pravin T. P. Kaumaya
Synthetic peptide-based HIV vaccine induces protective immunity in SHIV -Rhesus model	706	(2)
Pramod N. Nehete
Sriram Chitta
Mohammad M. Hossain
Lori Hill
Bruce Bernacky
K. Jagannadha Sastry
Recombinant MOG from baculovirus inhibits anti-hMOG(30-50) antibodies detected by the synthetic antigen [Asn31(Glc)]hMOG(30-50)	708	(3)
Elena Nardi
Silvia Mazzucco
Sabrina Mata
Mario Chelli
Benedetta Mazzanti
Elisabetta Traggiai
Mauro Ginanneschi
Francesco Pinto
Luca Massacesi
Marco Vergelli
Hubert Kalbacher
Francesso Lolli
Anna M. Papini
Molecular Mechanisms of Amyloid-Based Diseases	711	(14)
Design and synthesis of prion peptidyl mimetics for the detection and purification of prion proteins	713	(2)
Yuchen Chen
Leslie H. Kondejewski
Cyril M. Kay
Randall T. Irvin
Robert S. Hodges
Synthesis of amyloid &breta;-peptides: Segment condensation of sparingly soluble protected peptides in chloroform-phenol mixed solvent	715	(2)
Tatsuya Inui
Hideki Nishio
Jozsef Bodi
Yuji Nishiuchi
Terutoshi Kimura
Conformational changes in native and HCHWA-D (E22Q) mutant forms of β-amyloid	717	(2)
Giuliano Siligardi
Rohanah Hussain
Maria Francesca Manca
Brian Austen
Fibril formation and neurotoxicity by a herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B fragment with homology to Alzheimer's β-amyloid peptide	719	(2)
Bassem Y. Azizeh
David H. Cribbs
Carl W. Cotman
Frank M. LaFerla
Amyloid fibril formation by partially unfolded islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)	721	(4)
Aphrodite Kapurniotu
Jurgen Bernhagen
Rakez Kayed
Norma Greenfield
Herwig Brunner
Wolfgang Voelter
Membrane-Active Peptide Neurotoxins and Antibiotics	725	(40)
Post-translational modification: A two-dimensional strategy for molecular diversity of Conus peptides	727	(3)
David Hooper
Marcelina B. Lirazan
Robert Schoenfeld
Brady Cook
Lourdes J. Cruz
Baldomero M. Olivera
Pradip Bandyopadhyay
Structural studies on α-conotoxin SI	730	(3)
Robert W. Janes
David Whitford
Andrew J. Benie
Balazs Hargittai
George Barany
Antiamoebin: A polypeptide ion carrier and channel	733	(3)
B.A. Wallace
C. F. Snook
H. Duclohier
Andrias O. O'Reilly
Development of novel peptide antibiotics for vancomycin resistant infection using the ``one-bead, one-compound'' combinatorial library method	736	(2)
Gang Liu
Yemei Fan
Dezheng Zhao
Zhan-Gong Zhao
Kit S. Lam
Can Machine learning and combinatorial chemistry coexist? An antimicrobial peptide case study	738	(2)
Arno F. Spatola
C. David Page
David M. Vogel
Yvon Crozet
Sylvie Blondelle
Interaction of gramicidin S and its biologically active analogs with phospholipid bilayers	740	(2)
Masood Jelokhani-Niaraki
Elmar
J. Prenner
Leslie H. Kondejewski
Ronald N. Mcelhaney
Cyril M. Kay
Robert S. Hodges
Biological activities of Polymyxin B nonapeptide analogs	742	(2)
Haim Tsubery
Sofia Cohen
Itzhak Ofek
Mati Fridkin
Complexation analysis of the antimicrobial salivary histatin peptides	744	(2)
Dyanne Brewer
Gilles Lajoie
Design, synthesis, and antibacterial activity of a peptidomimetic library	746	(2)
Bi-Huang Hu
Lenore M. Martin
De novo design of small cyclic antimicrobial peptides	748	(2)
Steven A. Muhle
James P. Tam
Cell lysis and its specificity induced by basic peptides are determined by difference of hydrophobicity	750	(2)
Taira Kiyota
Ryoko Yanagida
Masahit Oka
Mie Miyoshi
Sannamu Lee
Gohsuke Sugihara
Modulation of specificity in cyclic antimicrobial peptides by amphipathicity	752	(2)
Leslie H. Kondejewski
Campbell Mclnnes
Masood Jelokhani-Niaraki
Susan W. Farmer
Cyril M. Kay
Brian D. Sykes
Robert E. W. Hancock
Robert S. Hodges
Effect of structural and chemico-physical factors on the biological activity of linear antimicrobial peptides	754	(2)
A. Tossi
A. Giangaspero
D. Romeo
Synthesis of magainin 2 dimer and its interaction with phospholipid bilayer	756	(2)
Yasuhiro Mukai
Takuro Niidome
Tomomitsu Hatakeyama
Haruhiko Aoyagi
SPC3, an HIV-derived multibranched peptide, triggers an ionic conductance in Xenopus oocytes	758	(2)
Michel De Waard
Edmond Carlier
Ziad Fajloun
Kamel Mabrouk
Jean-Marc Sabatier
Role of disulfide bonds in the structure and activity of ShK toxin	760	(2)
Michael W. Pennington
Mark Lanigan
Vladimir M. Mahnir
Kati Kalman
Cheryl T. McVaugh
David Behm
Denise Donaldson
K. George Chandy
William R. Kem
Raymond S. Norton
Probing SAR of FLRF-NH2 with its N-and C-terminally modified analogs and retroinverso peptides	762	(3)
Teresa M. Kubiak
Martha J. Larsen
Fred E. Dutton
Alan R. Friedman
Peptide Conjugates (including Glycopeptides and Lipopeptides)	765	(30)
Chemical and biological consequences of sugar incorporation into a potential N-glycosylation site in the tubulin-binding repeat of tau protein	767	(3)
Laszlo Otvos
David J. Craik
Krisztina Bokonyi
Istvan Varga
Anne Marie Pease
Johan D. Wade
Ralf Hoffmann
Practical glycopeptide analgesics: Blood-brain barrier transport and binding of glycosylated enkephalin analogs	770	(3)
Robin L. Polt
Richard D. Egleton
Edward J. Bilsky
Scott A. Mitchell
Caroline T. Kriss
Matt R. Prantt
Peg Davis
Heather Jones
Frank Porrecca
Henry I. Yamamura
Victor J. Hruby
Synthesis and application of a glycoprotein derived from the proteoglycan linkage structure	773	(2)
Jeffrey A. Borgia
Theodore R. Oegema
Gregg B. Fields
Synthesis of glycopeptide modified IgE epitopes	775	(2)
Istvan Jablonkai
Istvan Toth
Lipoamino acid based glycoconjugates for peptide and drug delivery	777	(2)
Robert A. Falconer
Istvan Toth
Novel lipoamino acid and liposaccharide based peptide delivery system for tumor selective somatostain analogs	779	(3)
John P. Malkinson
Gyorgy Keri
Per Artursson
Istvan Toth
Regioselective conjugation of chitosan with a peptide related to an active sequence of laminin	782	(2)
Y. Nishiyama
T. Yoshikawa
N. Ohara
T. Mori
K. Kurita
K. Hojo
H. Kamada
Y. Tsutsumi
T. Mayumi
M. Simojoh
K. Kawasaki
Fully automated synthesis of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates	784	(2)
Alessandra Romanelli
Lorenzo De Napoli
Amms Messere
Daniela Montesarchio
Gennaro Piccialli
Laura Zaccaro
Carlo Pedone
Filomena Rossi
Ettore Benedetti
Chemical synthesis of cyclic peptide nucleic acid-peptide hybrids	786	(2)
Marta Planas
Eduard Bardaji
George Barany
Recognition of RNA and DNA targets by peptide nucleic acids	788	(2)
David R. Corey
Anne Pitts
Carla Simmons
Lynn Mayfield
Susan Hamilton
Synthesis of PNA-peptide conjugates and their interactions with DNA	790	(2)
Ganesan Balasundaram
Tsuyoshi Takahashi
Akihiko Ueno
Hisakazu Mihara
A new Tc(I) radiolabeling method for peptides: Evaluation of neurotensin analogs for tumor targeting	792	(3)
D. Tourwe
K. Iterbeke
P. Conrath
P. A. Schubiger
L. Allemann
A. Egli
R. Alberto
N. Carrell-Remy
M. Willmann
P. Blauenstein
Perspectives for the New Millennium	795	(10)
Perspectives for the new peptide millennium	797	(8)
Bruce Merrifield
George Barancy
Charles M. Deber
Murray Goodman
Robert S. Hodges
Victor J. Hruby
Tom W. Muir
Robin Offord
Arno F. Spatola
Daniel F. Veber
Gregg B. Fields
Author and Subject Indexs	805	(2)
Author Index	807	(14)
Subject Index	821