Perinatal Stem Cells

by Editor: Curtis L. Cetrulo; Editor: Kyle Cetrulo; Editor: Curtis L. Cetrulo

• ISBN13: 9780470480137
• ISBN10: 0470480130
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2010-01-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Discover how perinatal stem cells may prove to be a more powerful therapeutic tool than embryonic stem cellsNormally discarded as medical waste, perinatal stem cells are an incredible source of stem cells and are gaining phenomenal research attention for their potential to become a more powerful alternative to the controversial embryonic stem cells. In response to this growing field, this book provides a thorough tutorial on the current state of the art in perinatal stem cells.Presented by a panel of authorities whose expertise reaches from research to hematology to tissue engineering and beyond, this important volume covers all of the sources of stem cells found throughout pregnancy, revealing the underlying biology and potential therapeutic uses of each:Post-gestational maternal peripheral bloodUmbilical cord bloodWharton's jellyAmniotic fluidAmnion lining the amniotic cavityUmbilical veinChorionic mesenchymal stromal cellsMulti-potent cellsPlacenta stem cellsThis book is a bountiful source for researchers, graduate students, cell biologists, gene therapists, obstetricians and gynecologists, and professionals engaged in regenerative medicine and developmental biology.

Table of Contents

Preface

Contributors

Introduction: Perinatal Stem Cells

Cord Blood Transplants: Perinatal Stem Cells in Clinical Practice

Introduction

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: Adult Donor Collection

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: Adult Donor Testing

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: Recipient Issues

Collection and Processing of Cord Blood Units

Bone Marrow versus Single Cord Blood: Pediatric

Bone Marrow versus Cord Blood: Adults

Cord Blood Transplant: Advantages and Disadvantages

Double Cord Blood Transplants: Ablative Regimens

Double Cord Blood Transplant: Non-Myeloablative Regimens

Chimerism

Predicting the Winner

Are Two Cords Better Than One?

Other Experimental Strategies

Summary

References

Expanding the Therapeutic Potential of Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Introduction: Hematopoietic Stem Cells, the Therapeutic Distributed Stem Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood

Biological Barriers to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy

Umbilical Cord Blood: An Ideal Source of Therapeutic Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Shortcomings of Ex Vivo HSC Expansion Strategies

A Novel Strategy With Potential to Enable Ex Vivo Expansion of Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Acknowledgments

References

Use of Fetal Cells in Regenerative Medicine

Introduction

Principles of Tissue Engineering

Cell Sources for Tissue Engineering

Examples of Possible Use and Implications of Perinatal Stem Cells

Placental Derived Stem Cells (Chorionic, Amniotic Membranes)

Amniotic Derived Stem Cells (hAMSC/Placental!)

Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells (Nonplacental!)

Conclusion

References

Perinatal Stem Cell Therapy

The Fetus as Recipient for Pre- and Perinatal Stem Cell Transplantation

Prenatal Cell Transplantation: Current Experience

How Do We Improve the Success of Prenatal Stem Cell Transplantation?

Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Prenatal Transplantation

Fetal Gene Therapy as a New Strategy

Current Issues of Postnatal Gene Therapy

Prenatal Gene Therapy

Animal Models of Prenatal Gene Therapy

Fetal Gene Therapy Targeting Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Safety Aspects of Prenatal Gene Therapy

Ethical Considerations

References

Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Preparation and Culture of UC-MSC

Characteristics-Properties and Bone Marrow Comparison

UC-MSC as Feeder Layer for Expansion of Human Cells

Clinical Indications for UC-MSC

References

Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Immunophenotype of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

MSCs are Multipotent Cells

MSC and Stromal Support of the Stem Cell Niche

Defining Primitive Stromal Cells: Differences between Fetal and Adult MSCs

Umbilical Cord MSCs

Characterization of Wharton's Jelly Derived Cells

Other MSC-Like Cells from Umbilical Cord

Comparison of WJCs to Adult Derived MSCs

In Vitro Differentiation of WJCs

Comparison of WJCs to Fetal MSCs

Transplantation of WJCs

WJCs as Primitive Stromal Cells

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

Perinatal Endothelial Progenitor Cells

The Role of Vascular Stem Cells in Postnatal Blood Vessel Formation: Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Postnatal Vasculogenesis

Sources of Endothelial Progenitor Cells

EPCs, Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis

EPCs and Tissue Engineering

EPCs and Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

The Future: Vascularized Engineered Tissue

References

Umbilical Cord Derived Mast Cells as Models For the Study of Inflammatory Diseases

Introduction

Mast Cell Triggers

Mast Cell Mediators

Selective Release of Mast Cell Mediators

Natural Mast Cell Secretion Inhibitors

Mast-T Cell Interaction

Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Asthma

Inflammatory Arthritis

Coronary Inflammation

Ocular Hypersensitivity Reactions

Conclusion

References

Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells

Introduction

Amniotic Fluid Cells

The Discovery of Stem Cells in Amniotic Fluid

Cultivation of Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells

Characteristics of Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells

Differentiation Potential of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells

Amniotic Fluid as a Promising Alternative Source for Neural Stem Cells

Current Applications of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells in Therapy

Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Banking

References

Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

Introduction

Amnion and Its Properties

Isolation and Culture of hAE Cells

Stem Cell Characteristics of Amniotic Epithelium-Derived Cells

Differentiation of hAE Cells

Future Directions

Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells Offer New Insights into the Relationship Between Lipid Metabolism, Angiogenesis, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Role of Angiogenesis in the Pathophysiology of Disease

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors have Therapeutic Effects that are Both Dependent and Independent of Cholesterol Lowering

Studies of the Effects of Statins on Angiogenesis Using Both In Vivo Models and In Vitro HUVEC and HDMEC Models for Angiogenesis

References

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development in the Placenta

Introduction

The Hematopoietic System

Historical Perspective on Placental Hematopoiesis

Development and Structure of the Mouse Placenta

Hematopoietic Activity in the Mouse Placenta

Phenotype of Placental HSCs

Origin and Localization of Placental HSCs

Summary and Future Directions

References

Fetal Cell Microchimerism, a Low-Grade Naturally Occurring Celltherapy

Introduction

The Placenta is a Source of Stem Cells

Transfer of Fetal Progenitor Cells During Gestation

Fetal Progenitor Cells in Maternal Tissues

Future Therapies

References

Index

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