Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms in the Neural Control of Movement

by Binder

• ISBN13: 9780444502889
• ISBN10: 0444502882
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-12-17
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

In the last decade, we have witnessed a striking maturation of our understanding of how neurons in the spinal cord control muscular activity and movement. Paradoxically, a host of new findings have revealed an unexpected versatility in the behavior of these well-studied neural elements and circuits. In this volume, the world's leading experts review the current state of our knowledge of motor control, outline their latest results and developments, and delineate the seminal unresolved questions in this vibrant field of research. The volume begins with a commentary and overview of our current understanding of the peripheral and spinal basis of motor control. The remainder of the volume is divided into seven sections, each focused on a different problem. The first chapter in each section provides some historical review and presages the experimental findings and hypotheses that are discussed in subsequent chapters. Topics include the biomechanics of neuromuscular systems, the properties of motoneurons and the muscle units they control, spinal interneurons, pattern generating circuits, locomotion, descending control of spinal circuits, comparative physiology of motor systems, and motor systems neurophysiology studied in man. The book serves as a unique reference volume and should be essential reading for anyone interested in motor systems. Moreover, the volume's comprehensive coverage of a wide range of topics make it an effective textbook for graduate level courses in motor control neurobiology, kinesiology, physical therapy, and rehabilitation medicine.

Table of Contents

List of contributors	v
Preface	xi
I. Perspectives
The segmental motor system-advances, issues, and possibilities	3	(28)
D.G. Stuart
II. Mechanisms underlying repetitive firing in motoneurons
Repetitive impulse firing in motoneurons: facts and perspectives	31	(8)
D. Kernell
Plateau potentials and their role in regulating motoneuronal firing	39	(10)
H. Hultborn
Synaptic integration in bistable motoneurons	49	(8)
C.J. Heckman
R.H. Lee
Adapting motoneurons for motor behavior	57	(10)
R. Delgado-Lezama
J. Hounsgaard
III. Input-output functions of motoneurons
Assessing the strengths of motoneuron inputs: different anatomical and physiological approaches compared	67	(16)
P.A. Kirkwood
T.W. Ford
R. Donga
S.A. Saywell
G. Holstege
Models of spike encoding and their use in the interpretation of motor unit recordings in man	83	(16)
R.K. Powers
M.D. Binder
Non-linear summation of synaptic currents on spinal motoneurons: lessons from simulations of the behaviour of anatomically realistic models	99	(10)
P.K Rose
S. Cushing
Selectivity of presynaptic inhibition: a mechanism for independent control of information flow through individual collaterals of single muscle spindle afferents	109	(12)
P. Rudomin
IV. Properties and central actions of muscle receptors
Why are there three types of intrafusal muscle fibers?	121	(12)
A. Taylor
P.H. Ellaway
R. Durbaba
Quantifying proprioception	133	(10)
A. Prochazka
Movement detection thresholds at the human elbow joint	143	(6)
U. Proske
A.K. Wise
J.E. Gregory
A positive feedback circuit involving muscle spindle secondaries and gamma motoneurons in the cat	149	(8)
E. Jankowska
M.H. Gladden
Neurotrophin--3 and maintenance of muscle afferent function	157	(10)
J.B. Munson
R.D. Johnson
L.M. Mendell
V. Motor unit properties and recruitment
Revisiting the notion of `motor unit types'	167	(10)
R.E. Burke
Orderly recruitment tested across muscle boundaries	177	(14)
T.C. Cope
A.J. Sokoloff
Limited plasticity of adult motor units conserves recruitment order and rate coding	191	(12)
T. Gordon
N. Tyreman
V.F. Rafuse
J.B. Munson
Motor cortical control of human masticatory muscles	203	(12)
M.A. Nordstrom
T.S. Miles
B.R. Gooden
S.L. Butler
M.C. Ridding
P.D. Thompson
Do lengthening contractions represent a case of reversal in recruitment order?	215	(6)
P. Bawa
K.E. Jones
Motor units of extraocular muscles: recent findings	221	(12)
S.J. Goldberg
M.S. Shall
Neuromuscular strategies underlying ballistic movements	233	(14)
R.J. Callister
E.H. Peterson
A.M. Brichta
VI. Comparative physiology of pattern generators
General principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation derived from invertebrate CPGs	247	(12)
A. Selverston
Central pattern generators and interphyletic awareness	259	(14)
P.S.G. Stein
A brain region in insects that supervises walking	273	(12)
N.J. Strausfeld
Behavior of hindbrain neurons during the transition from rest to evoked locomotion in a newt	285	(12)
I. Bar-Gad
I. Kagan
M.L. Shik
VII. Spinal interneurons and pattern generation
On the cellular bases of vertebrate locomotion	297	(14)
S. Grillner
P. Wallen
The roles of spinal interneurons and motoneurons in the lamprey locomotor network	311	(12)
J.T. Buchanan
Primate spinal interneurons: muscle fields and response properties during voluntary movement	323	(8)
E.E. Fetz
S.I. Perlmutter
Y. Prut
M.A. Maier
Correlations between neurograms and locomotor drive potentials in motoneurons during fictive locomotion: implications for the organization of locomotor commands	331	(10)
T.M. Hamm
T.V. Trank
V.V. Turkin
Failure analysis of stepping in adult spinal cats	341	(8)
R.D. de Leon
N.J.S. London
R.R. Roy
V.R. Edgerton
Locomotor performance and adaptation after partial or complete spinal cord lesions in the cat	349	(20)
S. Rossignol
T. Drew
E. Brustein
W. Jiang
VIII. Mechanical properties of neuromuscular systems
The role of musculoskeletal mechanics in motor coordination	369	(10)
T.R. Nichols
D.C. Lin
C.M.J.I Huygheus-Despointes
Kinematic redundancy	379	(10)
Z. Hasan
J.S. Thomas
Task-and age-dependent variations in steadiness	389	(8)
R.M. Enoka
R.A. Burnett
A.E. Graves
K.W. Kornatz
D.H. Laidlaw
Mechanical actions of compartments of the cat hamstring muscle, biceps femoris	397	(8)
D.I. Carrasco
A.W. English
What might the brain know about muscles, limbs and spinal circuits?	405	(6)
G.E. Loeb
Animal models of motor systems: cautionary tales from studies of head movement	411	(8)
F.J.R. Richmond
B.D. Corneil
K. Singh
IX. Control of movement studied in man
The sharing principle	419	(8)
J.A. Stephens
L.M. Harrison
M.J. Mayston
L.J. Carr
J. Gibbs
Properties of human peripheral nerves: implications for studies of human motor control	427	(10)
D. Burke
S.C. Gandevia
Rhythmic cortical activity and its relation to the neurogenic components of normal and pathological tremors	437	(8)
B.A. Conway
D.M. Halliday
J.R. Rosenberg
Stopping and turning during human walking	445	(10)
R.B. Stein
K. Hase
Disturbances of voluntary movement coordination in stroke: problems of planning or execution?	455	(6)
R. Beer
J. Dewald
Z. Rymer
Group II spindle afferent fibers in humans: their possible role in the reflex control of stance	461	(12)
M. Schieppati
A. Nardone
Indices of cortical motor function following severe brain injury in man	473	(8)
P.H. Ellaway
S.H. Moosavi
M.J. Stokes
M. Catley
N. Haque
Subject Index	481