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Summary

What is the status of the Free and Open Source Software (F/OSS) revolution? Has the creation of software that can be freely used, modified, and redistributed transformed industry and society, as some predicted, or is this transformation still a work in progress? Perspectives on Free and Open Source Softwarebrings together leading analysts and researchers to address this question, examining specific aspects of F/OSS in a way that is both scientifically rigorous and highly relevant to real-life managerial and technical concerns. The book analyzes a number of key topics: the motivation behind F/OSS-why highly skilled software developers devote large amounts of time to the creation of "free" products and services; the objective, empirically grounded evaluation of software-necessary to counter what one chapter author calls the "steamroller" of F/OSS hype; the software engineering processes and tools used in specific projects, including Apache, GNOME, and Mozilla; the economic and business models that reflect the changing relationships between users and firms, technical communities and firms, and between competitors; and legal, cultural, and social issues, including one contribution that suggests parallels between "open code" and "open society" and another that points to the need for understanding the movement's social causes and consequences.

Foreword

by Michael Cusumano

Acknowledgments

Introduction

xvii

by Joseph Feller, Brian Fitzgerald, Scott Hissam, and Karim R. Lakhani

I Motivation in Free/Open Source Software Development

(78)

1 Why Hackers Do What They Do: Understanding Motivation and Effort in Free/Open Source Software Projects

(20)

Karim R. Lakhani and Robert G. Wolf

2 Understanding Free Software Developers: Findings from the FLOSS Study

(24)

Rishab Aiyer Ghosh

3 Economic Perspectives on Open Source

(32)

Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole

III The Evaluation of Free/Open Source Software Development

(82)

4 Standing in Front of the Open Source Steamroller

(12)

Robert L. Glass

5 Has Open Source Software a Future?

(14)

Brian Fitzgerald

6 Open Source Software Development: Future or Fad?

107

(16)

Srdjan Rusovan, Mark Lawford, and David Lorge Parnas

7 Attaining Robust Open Source Software

123

(4)

Peter G. Neumann

8 Open and Closed Systems Are Equivalent (That Is, in an Ideal World)

127

(16)

Ross Anderson

9 Making Lightning Strike Twice

143

(18)

Charles B. Weinstock and Scott A. Hissam

III Free/Open Source Processes and Tools

161

(104)

10 Two Case Studies of Open Source Software Development: Apache and Mozilla

163

(48)

Audris Mockus, Roy T. Fielding, and James D. Herbsleb

11 Software Engineering Practices in the GNOME Project

211

(16)

Daniel M. German

12 Incremental and Decentralized Integration in FreeBSD

227

(18)

Niels Jørgensen

13 Adopting Open Source Software Engineering (OSSE) Practices by Adopting OSSE Tools

245

(20)

Jason Robbins

IV Free/Open Source Software Economic and Business Models

265

14 Open Source Software Projects as "User Innovation Networks"

267

(12)

Eric von Hippel

15 An Analysis of Open Source Business Models

279

(18)

Sandeep Krishnamurthy

16 The Allocation of Software Development Resources in Open Source Production Mode

297

Jean-Michel Dalle and Paul A. David

17 Shared Source: The Microsoft Perspective

239

(8)

Jason Matusow

V Law, Community, and Society

247

(236)

18 Open Code and Open Societies

249

(112)

Lawrence Lessig

19 Legal Aspects of Free and Open Source Software

361

(32)

David McGowan

20 Nonprofit Foundations and Their Role in Community-Firm Software Collaboration

393

(22)

Siobhan O'Mahony

21 Free Science

415

(16)

Christopher Kelty

22 High Noon at OS Corral: Duels and Shoot-Outs in Open Source Discourse

431

(16)

Anna Maria Szczepanska, Magnus Bergquist, and Jan Ljungberg

23 Libre Software Policies at the European Level

447

(14)

Phillipe Aigrain

24 The Open Source Paradigm Shift

461

(22)

Tim O'Reilly

Epilogue: Open Source outside the Domain of Software

483

(6)

Clay Shirky

References

489

(24)

List of Contributors

513

(12)

Index

525

Supplemental Materials

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