Pervasive Computing in Healthcare

by Mihailidis; Alex

• ISBN13: 9780849336218
• ISBN10: 084933621X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-11-16
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

With a holistic view, Pervasive Computing in Healthcare offers an overview of the subject and its application to problems in healthcare and disability. This book covers the basics, including various types of computer science tools and techniques, and introduces important models in applying technology to healthcare, disease, and disability. It presents specific examples of pervasive computing applications in various contexts, such as in the home or in the hospital, and how it can be applied as proactive or preventative methods to help with diseases. This text also provides an understanding of research and methodological issues related to developing technologies and evaluating their performance.

Table of Contents

Section I: Introduction and overview to pervasive healthcare
Chapter 1 Overview of healthcare, disease, and disability	3	(18)
Jeffrey Kaye and Tracy Zitzelberger
1.1 Introduction	3	(1)
1.2 Demographics, disease, and disability	4	(4)
1.2.1 Consequences of the demographic shift	5	(1)
1.2.2 Burden of disability and care needs	6	(1)
1.2.3 Disparately burdened groups: Socioeconomic status and gender	7	(1)
1.3 The healthcare model: Transforming with technology	8	(9)
1.3.1 Home- and community-based health	9	(2)
1.3.2 Outpatient care	11	(2)
1.3.3 Hospitals	13	(2)
1.3.4 Assisted-care communities and institutions	15	(2)
1.4 Conclusions	17	(1)
References	18	(3)
Chapter 2 Computer science tools and techniques	21	(28)
Martha E. Pollack and Bart Peintner
2.1 Introduction	22	(1)
2.2 Pervasive computing	23	(6)
2.2.1 Principles of pervasive computing	24	(1)
2.2.1.1 Decentralization	24	(1)
2.2.1.2 Diversification	24	(1)
2.2.1.3 Connectivity	24	(1)
2.2.1.4 Simplicity	24	(1)
2.2.2 Elements of pervasive computing	25	(1)
2.2.2.1 Devices	25	(1)
2.2.2.2 Standards and protocols	26	(1)
2.2.2.3 Application services	28	(1)
2.2.3 Applications to healthcare	28	(1)
2.2.3.1 Reduced cost of current tasks	28	(1)
2.2.3.2 Increased quality of care	28	(1)
2.2.3.3 Peace of mind for caregivers	28	(1)
2.2.3.4 Assistive technology	29	(1)
2.2.3.5 Reduced risk for common activities	29	(1)
2.2.3.6 Unimagined applications	29	(1)
2.3 Intelligent applications	29	(10)
2.3.1 Representing knowledge	29	(1)
2.3.2 Probabilistic reasoning	30	(1)
2.3.2.1 Bayesian networks	31	(1)
2.3.2.2 Dynamic models	33	(1)
2.3.2.3 Inference in dynamic models	34	(1)
2.3.3 Machine learning	34	(1)
2.3.3.1 Supervised learning	35	(1)
2.3.3.2 Unsupervised learning	35	(1)
2.3.3.3 Reinforcement learning	36	(1)
2.3.4 Automated planning	37	(2)
2.4 Privacy and security	39	(3)
2.4.1 Privacy	40	(1)
2.4.2 Authentication	41	(1)
2.4.3 Authorization	41	(1)
2.4.4 Integrity	42	(1)
2.4.5 Caveat user	42	(1)
2.5 Summary	42	(1)
2.6 To learn more	43	(1)
References	43	(6)
Section II: Architectures, systems, and technologies for pervasive healthcare
Chapter 3 Pervasive computing in hospitals	49	(30)
Jakob E. Bardram, Heribert Baldus, and Jesus Favela
3.1 Introduction	50	(2)
3.2 Contemporary computer technology in hospitals	52	(3)
3.2.1 Patient monitoring	52	(1)
3.2.2 Hospital information systems and electronic patient records	53	(1)
3.2.3 Picture archiving and communication systems (PACS)	54	(1)
3.3 Challenges for computer technology in hospitals	55	(4)
3.3.1 Nomadic work	55	(1)
3.3.2 Collaboration and coordination	56	(1)
3.3.3 Mobility among heterogeneous devices	57	(1)
3.3.4 Rapid context switching	58	(1)
3.3.5 Integration of the digital and the physical world	59	(1)
3.4 Current trends in pervasive computing research for use in hospitals	59	(10)
3.4.1 Mobile and pervasive computing	60	(4)
3.4.2 Wireless sensor networks for patient monitoring	64	(1)
3.4.3 New human-computer interaction technology	65	(1)
3.4.4 Hospital groupware and collaboration support	66	(3)
3.4.5 User authentication and security	69	(1)
3.5 Discussions and conclusions	69	(6)
References	75	(4)
Chapter 4 Pervasive computing in the home and community	79	(26)
Donald J. Patterson, Henry A. Kautz, Dieter Fox, and Lin Liao
4.1 Introduction	80	(1)
4.2 Overview of research on assisted cognition	81	(3)
4.2.1 Location, navigation, and wayfinding	81	(1)
4.2.1.1 Nursebot	81	(1)
4.2.1.2 IMP	82	(1)
4.2.2 Wandering alert systems	82	(1)
4.2.3 Home ADL tracking and support	82	(1)
4.2.3.1 Smart homes	82	(1)
4.2.3.2 COACH	83	(1)
4.2.3.3 Autominder	83	(1)
4.2.3.4 PDA-based reminding systems	84	(1)
4.2.3.5 Wearable activity recognition systems	84	(1)
4.3 Opportunity Knocks: Assisting outdoor navigation	84	(7)
4.3.1 A usage scenario	85	(1)
4.3.2 System architecture	85	(3)
4.3.3 The inference engine	88	(3)
4.3.4 Status	91	(1)
4.4 Understanding home activities	91	(9)
4.4.1 Sensing using RFID	92	(1)
4.4.2 Modeling activities	92	(2)
4.4.3 Coarse-grained ADL recognition	94	(1)
4.4.4 Barista: Fine-grained ADL recognition	94	(1)
4.4.5 Modeling choices	95	(2)
4.4.6 Accuracy experiments	97	(1)
4.4.7 Improving robustness	97	(3)
4.5 Summary	100	(1)
Acknowledgments	101	(1)
References	101	(4)
Chapter 5 Mobile and personal health and wellness management systems	105	(30)
Elina Mattila, Ilkka Korhonen, and Niilo Saranummi
5.1 Introduction	106	(1)
5.2 Key building blocks	107	(1)
5.3 Stakeholders in health technology	108	(3)
5.4 Usage models	111	(19)
5.4.1 Fitness and wellness	113	(1)
5.4.1.1 Usage model of fitness and wellness technologies	113	(1)
5.4.1.2 Fitness and wellness applications	113	(2)
5.4.2 Risk management and prevention	115	(1)
5.4.2.1 Usage model of risk management and prevention technologies	115	(1)
5.4.2.2 Risk management and prevention technologies	117	(2)
5.4.3 Chronic disease management	119	(1)
5.4.3.1 Usage model of chronic disease management technologies	119	(1)
5.4.3.2 Chronic disease management applications	121	(3)
5.4.4 Acute disease management and early discharge	124	(1)
5.4.4.1 Usage model of acute disease management and early discharge technologies	124	(1)
5.4.4.2 Applications of acute disease management and early discharge technologies	125	(2)
5.4.5 Independent living	127	(1)
5.4.5.1 Usage model of independent living technologies	127	(1)
5.4.5.2 Applications of independent living	127	(3)
5.5 Discussion and conclusions	130	(1)
References	131	(4)
Chapter 6 Sensors and wearable technologies for pervasive healthcare	135	(26)
Sungmee Park and Sundaresan Jayaraman
6.1 Introduction	136	(1)
6.2 The healthcare challenge	137	(3)
6.2.1 Meeting the challenge: The pervasive healthcare paradigm	137	(1)
6.2.1.1 Continuous monitoring—the patient view	138	(1)
6.2.1.2 Continuous monitoring—the healthcare professional view	139	(1)
6.2.1.3 Continuous monitoring—the pharmaceutical industry view	139	(1)
6.2.2 Continuous monitoring—a way of life	139	(1)
6.3 Pervasive healthcare system: A patient-centric approach	140	(5)
6.3.1 The life cycle of unit operations	140	(1)
6.3.2 The enabling technologies	140	(2)
6.3.3 Requirements of a pervasive healthcare system	142	(1)
6.3.4 Technology trends and pervasive information processing	143	(1)
6.3.4.1 System- and information-related performance requirements	144	(1)
6.4 Wearable biomedical systems for chronic care	145	(6)
6.4.1 Classification of sensors	145	(1)
6.4.2 Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)	146	(1)
6.4.2.1 Commercial ABPM systems	146	(2)
6.4.3 Ambulatory cardiac monitoring: Holter monitors	148	(1)
6.4.4 Continuous glucose monitoring	149	(1)
6.4.4.1 Continuous noninvasive glucose monitoring by fluid extraction	150	(1)
6.4.4.2 Continuous, nearly noninvasive glucose monitoring by interstitial fluid harvesting	150	(1)
6.5 Integrated multiparameter biomedical monitoring system	151	(5)
6.5.1 Textiles: The information infrastructure for pervasive healthcare	152	(1)
6.5.2 The Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard (Smart Shirt)	152	(1)
6.5.2.1 The wearable motherboard architecture	153	(1)
6.5.2.2 Testing of the Smart Shirt	154	(1)
6.5.2.3 Launderability of the Smart Shirt	155	(1)
6.5.3 The next generation: Fabric as a sensor	155	(1)
6.6 Looking ahead: Challenges and opportunities	156	(2)
References	158	(3)
Chapter 7 Assistive technologies	161	(30)
Edmund LoPresti
7.1 Introduction	161	(1)
7.2 Communication assistance	162	(3)
7.3 Mobility assistance	165	(4)
7.4 Wayfinding	169	(3)
7.5 Cognitive assistance	172	(3)
7.6 Smart environments	175	(4)
7.7 Design considerations for assistive technology	179	(5)
7.8 Conclusion	184	(1)
References	185	(6)
Section III: Design and development of pervasive healthcare technologies
Chapter 8 Human factors and usability of healthcare systems	191	(26)
Andre Kushniruk and Elizabeth Borycki
8.1 Introduction	192	(1)
8.2 Background: Human–computer interaction (HCI) in healthcare and pervasive computing	193	(2)
8.3 HCI and the system development life cycle	195	(2)
8.4 Usability engineering methods for the analysis and improvement of pervasive computing applications in healthcare	197	(6)
8.4.1 Usability testing	198	(2)
8.4.2 Usability inspection	200	(2)
8.4.3 Modeling of workflow	202	(1)
8.5 Examples of HCI approaches to analyzing pervasive applications in healthcare	203	(7)
8.5.1 Use of PDAs by physicians	203	(1)
8.5.2 Use of Web-based applications by chronically ill healthcare consumers	203	(1)
8.5.3 Use and usability of smartcard technology	204	(1)
8.5.4 Pervasive computing and the elderly—toward a framework for analysis of pervasive applications in healthcare	205	(2)
8.5.5 Monitoring health status	207	(1)
8.5.6 Promoting safety	208	(1)
8.5.7 Aiding cognition	209	(1)
8.5.8 Promoting functional independence	210	(1)
8.6 Considerations for new and mixed modalities of interaction in pervasive healthcare	210	(2)
8.7 Discussion and conclusions	212	(1)
References	213	(4)
Chapter 9 Routes and requirements for realizing pervasive medical devices	217	(26)
Michael P. Craven
9.1 Introduction	218	(1)
9.2 Health technology assessment	219	(2)
9.2.1 The evidence-based environment	219	(1)
9.2.2 Reimbursement issues	220	(1)
9.2.3 Health technology and the role of HTA bodies	221	(1)
9.3 Medical devices and regulation	221	(14)
9.3.1 Definitions, principles, and classes	221	(1)
9.3.1.1 Definitions	222	(1)
9.3.1.2 Essential principles	223	(1)
9.3.1.3 Device classes	225	(3)
9.3.2 Regulatory matters	228	(1)
9.3.2.1 Conformity	228	(1)
9.3.2.2 Standards	229	(1)
9.3.2.3 Postmarket surveillance, vigilance, and adverse incident reporting	230	(1)
9.3.2.4 Data issues	231	(1)
9.3.3 Clinical studies	232	(1)
9.3.3.1 Ethics	233	(1)
9.3.3.2 Advances in clinical trials for devices	234	(1)
9.4 Routes for medical devices innovation	235	(2)
9.4.1 New product development processes	235	(2)
9.4.2 Special considerations for pervasive medical device development	237	(1)
9.5 Conclusions	237	(1)
Acknowledgments	238	(1)
References	238	(5)
Chapter 10 User evaluation in pervasive healthcare	243	(32)
Tim Adlam, Roger Orpwood, and Teresa Dunn
10.1 Introduction	244	(1)
10.2 The roles of user evaluation in pervasive healthcare	245	(1)
10.3 Evaluation in user-centered engineering design	246	(4)
10.3.1 Design methods	246	(1)
10.3.2 The conventional engineering design method	247	(1)
10.3.3 User-centered design	248	(2)
10.3.4 Implementing user evaluation in design	250	(1)
10.4 Forming a team	250	(1)
10.5 Recruiting and selecting evaluators	251	(3)
10.5.1 Ethics, informed consent, and people with cognitive disabilities	253	(1)
10.6 An initial user survey	254	(2)
10.7 Validated outcome measures	256	(2)
10.7.1 The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0)	257	(1)
10.7.2 Psychological Impact of Assistive Devices Scale (PIADS)	257	(1)
10.8 Intellectual property protection	258	(1)
10.9 The first evaluation	258	(2)
10.9.1 Beginning the first evaluation	259	(1)
10.9.2 Concluding the first evaluation	260	(1)
10.10 Installing systems in users' homes	260	(2)
10.10.1 Preinstallation survey	260	(1)
10.10.2 Installation guidelines	260	(1)
10.10.3 Installing systems in the homes of people with cognitive disabilities	261	(1)
10.11 Supporting users and devices	262	(1)
10.12 Interim evaluations	263	(1)
10.13 The final evaluation	263	(1)
10.14 Preproduction evaluation	264	(1)
10.15 Conclusions	264	(1)
10.16 Case studies	265	(7)
10.16.1 Case study: A cooker monitor for people with dementia	265	(1)
10.16.1.1 Observations from ENABLE	266	(1)
10.16.2 Case study: An evaluation of end user sensor installation in a domestic environment	267	(1)
10.16.2.1 Observations from the Home Energy Tutor	268	(1)
10.16.3 Case study: Evaluating Turvy—the Wizard of Oz method	268	(1)
10.16.3.1 Conclusions from evaluating Turvy	269	(1)
10.16.3.2 Applying Wizard of Oz to the healthcare context	270	(1)
10.16.4 Case study: Evaluating the CareNet display in situ	270	(1)
10.16.4.1 Analysis	272	(1)
10.17 Regulatory device evaluation and adverse incident evaluation	272	(1)
10.17.1 Product assessment	272	(1)
10.17.2 Adverse incident investigation	272	(1)
10.18 Conclusions	273	(1)
References	273	(1)
Bibliography	274	(1)
Chapter 11 The business of pervasive healthcare	275	(24)
Dadong Wan and Luis E. Taveras
11.1 Introduction	276	(1)
11.2 Enabling technologies	277	(3)
11.2.1 Health devices	277	(2)
11.2.2 Networks	279	(1)
11.2.3 Analytics	279	(1)
11.2.4 Interactions	280	(1)
11.3 The business case	280	(7)
11.3.1 Key business drivers	281	(3)
11.3.2 Calls for a continuous care model	284	(1)
11.3.3 Case study: Chronic care initiatives at Medicare	285	(2)
11.4 Examples of commercial applications	287	(7)
11.4.1 Remote cardiac monitoring	287	(2)
11.4.2 Health Buddy system	289	(2)
11.4.3 Philips Motiva	291	(1)
11.4.4 QuietCare system	292	(2)
11.5 Opportunities and challenges	294	(2)
11.6 Summary and conclusions	296	(1)
References	297	(2)
Index	299