Pet in Oncology: Basics and Clinical Application

by Ruhlmann, J.; Oehr, P.; Biersack, H. J.

• ISBN13: 9783540650775
• ISBN10: 3540650776
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-10-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

PET-Center, Bonn, Germany. Summarizes the basics and the clinical results of Positron-Emissiontomography (PET). Describes the principles of PET and how to incorporate the technique in the clinic. Offers an overview of the physical, biochemical, and clinical principles of PET scanning. Illustrated. Expanded-outline format. DNLM: Neoplasms--radionuclide imaging.

Table of Contents

Part I Priciples
Physical Principles	3	(32)
H. Newiger
Y. Hamisch
P. Oehr
J. Ruhlmann
B. Vollet
S. Ziegler
PET Technology	3	(7)
H. Newiger
The Physics of Positrons	3	(1)
Measurement of Positron Radiation	4	(1)
Advantages of PET	4	(1)
Production of Positron Emitters	5	(1)
Detectors for PET	6	(1)
Quantitative Imaging with PET	7	(2)
Further Development of PET Technology and Reconstruction Methods	9	(1)
Dual Head Coincidence Camera	10	(5)
S. Ziegler
Comparison of the Dual Head Coincidence Camera with Other Techniques	10	(1)
Measurement Problems	11	(4)
Design Considerations of NaI(TI) Based PET Imaging Systems Adressing the Clinical and Technical Requirements of Wholebody PET	15	(11)
Y. Hamisch
Introduction	15	(1)
Digital Detectors Improve Countrate Capability	15	(3)
NaI Detector Technology for Dedicated Pet-Systems	18	(1)
Post Injection CS-137 Singles Transmission Improves Clinical Image Quality, Quantitative Accuracy and Enables Flexible Clinical Operation	19	(7)
Quality Control	26	(9)
B. Vollet
Intergrity Testing for PET Scanners or Gamma Cameras with Integrated Coincidence Acquisition	28	(4)
Quality Assurance for Transmission Measurement	32	(1)
Integrity Testing for In Vitro Analyzers and Activity Meters	32	(1)
Quality Assurance for Documentation of Findings	33	(2)
Radiopharmaceutical Technology, Toxicity and Radiation Dosages	35	(8)
J. Ruhlmann
P. Oehr
Introduction	35	(1)
The Synthesis of 2-[18F]FDG	36	(1)
Purity of the 2-[18F]FDG Solution	36	(1)
2-[18F]FDG Activity Dosages	37	(1)
Radiation Exposure	38	(2)
Biochemical Toxicity	40	(1)
Conclusions	40	(3)
Metabolism and Transport of Glucose and FDG	43	(18)
P. Oehr
Biological Functions of Carbohydrate Metabolism	43	(2)
Carbohydrate Requirements & Supply	43	(1)
Regulation Mechanisms	43	(1)
Factors in Glucose Homeostasis	44	(1)
Metabolism of Glucose, 2-DG, 2-FDG and 3-FDG	45	(1)
Glucose	45	(1)
Metabolism of 2-DG, 2-FDG and 3-FDG	46	(1)
FDG Uptake	46	(15)
Glucose Transport Systems	46	(4)
Glucose Transporters in Cancer Diseases	50	(1)
Kinetics of Glucose Transport	51	(1)
Quantification of PET Measurements	52	(9)
Part II Clinical Applications
Patient Preparation	61	(6)
B. Kozak
PET Scanning Technique	61	(6)
Clinical Indications	67	(112)
C. Alexiou
R. An
W. Arnold
M. Bangard
R.P. Baum
H.-J. Biersack
R. Bonnet
U. Bull
U. Cremerius
C.G. Diederichs
F. Grunwald
R.J. Kau
R. Kaufmann
C. Laubenbacher
C. Menzel
P. Oehr
H. Palmedo
N. Presselt
J. Reul
D. Rinne
J. Ruhlmann
M. Schwaiger
P. Willkomm
M. Zimny
Malignant Melanoma	67	(9)
D. Rinne
R. Kaufmann
R.P. Baum
Epidemiology	67	(1)
Histology and Staging	67	(1)
Prognosis	67	(1)
Malignant Melanoma Therapy	68	(1)
Staging and Follow-Up	68	(1)
Indications	69	(1)
Summary	69	(7)
Head and Neck Tumors	76	(13)
C. Laubenbacher
R.J. Kau
C. Alexiou
W. Arnold
M. Schwaiger
Introduction	76	(2)
Significance of PET	78	(7)
Study Protocol and Interpretation of PET	85	(2)
Summary	87	(2)
Thyroid Carcinomas	89	(13)
F. Grunwald
Clinical Background	89	(2)
Therapy	91	(1)
Use of FDG PET	92	(6)
Indications	98	(1)
Results and Interpretation	99	(1)
Limits of Interpretation	100	(2)
Pulmonary Nodules and Non-Small-Cell Bronchial Carcinoma	102	(17)
R.P. Baum
N. Presselt
R. Bonnet
Epidemiology and Etiology of Lung Cancer	102	(1)
Prognosis, Histology and Staging	103	(1)
Diagnosis of Lung Cancer	103	(1)
Therapy for Non-Small-Cell Bronchial Carcinoma	104	(2)
Positron Emission Tomography	106	(2)
Clinical Indications for Positron Emission Tomography	108	(7)
Positron Emission Tomography: Limitations and Pitfalls	115	(4)
Breast Cancer	119	(9)
P. Willkomm
H. Palmedo
M. Bangard
P. Oehr
H.-J. Biersack
Introduction, Clinical Background, Prognosis	119	(1)
Technical Aspects	120	(1)
Indications	121	(5)
Summary	126	(2)
Pancreatic Cancer	128	(7)
C.G. Diederichs
Clinical Principles	128	(1)
Current Therapy	129	(1)
PET	129	(4)
Other Diagnostic Methods	133	(1)
Indications	134	(1)
Colorectal Cancer	135	(9)
J. Ruhlmann
P. Oehr
Incidence, Etiology and Risk Factors	135	(2)
Diagnostics	137	(1)
Prognosis, Staging and Tumor Spread	138	(1)
Therapy	138	(1)
Positron Emission Tomography	139	(5)
Ovarian Cancer	144	(7)
M. Zimny
U. Cremerius
U. Bull
Epidemiology	144	(1)
Pathophysiology and Tumor Spread	145	(1)
Histology	145	(1)
Tumor Staging	145	(1)
Therapy	146	(1)
Diagnosis	146	(1)
Positron Emission Tomography	146	(2)
Results	148	(3)
Testicular Tumors	151	(7)
U. Cremerius
M. Zimny
U. Bull
Clinical Principles and Current Therapy	151	(2)
Performing PET Scans	153	(1)
Results of PET Scans	153	(3)
Indications	156	(2)
Hodgkin's Disease and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas	158	(7)
C. Menzel
Hodgkin's Disease	158	(1)
Malignant Lymphomas -- Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas	159	(6)
PET and Neuro-Imaging: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value, Current Applications and Future Perspective	165	(6)
J. Reul
Introduction	165	(1)
Diagnostic Neuroimaging and Tumour Classification	166	(3)
Diagnostic Imaging with PET	169	(1)
Conclusion	170	(1)
Miscellaneous Tumors	171	(8)
H.-J. Biersack
P. Willkomm
R. An
J. Ruhlmann
Brain Tumors	171	(1)
Musculoskeletal Tumors	171	(1)
Prostate Cancer	172	(1)
Bladder Cancer	173	(1)
Kidney Tumors	173	(1)
Esophageal Cancer	174	(1)
Gastric Cancer	175	(1)
Liver Cancer	175	(4)
Cancer Screening with Whole-Body FDG PET	179	(10)
S. Yasuda
M. Ide
A. Shohtsu
Background	179	(1)
Cancer Screening with Whole-Body FDG PET	179	(8)
Subjects and Methods	179	(2)
Results	181	(2)
Cancer Screening	183	(4)
Conclusions	187	(2)
PET and Radiotherapy	189	(6)
Val J. Lowe
Introduction	189	(1)
PET Before Radiation Therapy	189	(1)
PET During Radiation Therapy	190	(1)
Reoxygenation and PET	190	(1)
PET Imaging After Completion of Radiation Therapy	191	(1)
Diagnosing Recurrent Disease with PET	191	(1)
Timing of PET After Radiation Therapy	192	(1)
Summary	193	(2)
Cost Effectiveness of PET in Oncology	195	(4)
P.E. Valk
Diagnosis and Staging of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer	195	(1)
Staging of Recurrent Colorectal Cancer	196	(1)
Staging of Metastatic Melanoma	197	(2)
Subject Index	199