Pharmacology: Drug Actions and Reactions

by Walsh; Carol T.

• ISBN13: 9781842142554
• ISBN10: 1842142550
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-12-22
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Completely revised and updated, this is the seventh edition of Levine's classic pharmacology textbook. Known for it's thorough coverage and intelligent organization, the book covers the basic principles of pharmacological interactions on the human body in a way that is useful for both undergraduate and graduate students. Beginning with historical perspectives, nomenclature and definitions, the topics broaden to include sites and mechanisms of drug actions and travel to sites of action, as well as termination and elimination. The book also includes drug response and time-response relationships, response variability, drug toxicity, drug abuse, drug dependence, and more.

Author Biography

Carol T. Walsh: Professor of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Rochelle D. Schwartz-Bloom: Professor of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

Table of Contents

Dedication	ix
Preface to the Seventh Edition	xi
Preface to the First Edition	xiii
The Heritage of Pharmacology	1	(18)
The Beginnings	1	(8)
The Rise of Pharmacology	9	(6)
Synopsis	15	(1)
Guides for Study and Review	16	(1)
Suggested Reading	16	(3)
The Scope of Pharmacology	19	(10)
Drug Nomenclature	21	(2)
Sources of Information about Drugs	23	(5)
Guides for Study and Review	28	(1)
How Drugs Act on the Living Organism	29	(296)
Site of Action	33	(2)
Mechanism of Action	35	(18)
Synopsis	53	(1)
Guides for Study and Review	54	(1)
Suggested Reading	54	(1)
How Drugs Reach Their Site of Action
General Principles of Passage of Drugs Across Biologic Barriers	55	(24)
Passive Diffusion	56	(13)
Specialized Transport Processes	69	(6)
Filtration	75	(1)
Synopsis	75	(2)
Guides for Study and Review	77	(1)
Suggested Reading	78	(1)
How Drugs Reach Their Site of Action
Absorption	79	(34)
Routes of Administration	80	(3)
Absorption from the Gastrointestinal Tract	83	(14)
Absorption through the Skin	97	(3)
Absorption from the Respiratory Tract	100	(4)
Absorption from Subcutaneous Sites	104	(3)
Absorption from Intramuscular Sites	107	(1)
Intravenous Administration	107	(2)
General Considerations	109	(1)
Guides for Study and Review	110	(1)
Suggested Reading	111	(2)
How Drugs Reach Their Site of Action
Distribution	113	(16)
Capillary Permeability	113	(2)
Magnitude of Distribution	115	(3)
Binding of Drugs to Plasma Proteins and Other Tissue Components and Accumulation in Fat	118	(3)
Distribution from Blood to Brain	121	(3)
Distribution from Mother to Fetus	124	(3)
Remarks	127	(1)
Guides for Study and Review	127	(1)
Suggested Reading	128	(1)
How the Actions of Drugs Are Terminated
Excretion	129	(24)
Routes of Excretion	130	(20)
Synopsis	150	(1)
Guides for Study and Review	151	(1)
Suggested Reading	152	(1)
How the Actions of Drugs Are Terminated
Biotransformation	153	(32)
The Mediators of Biotransformation	153	(5)
Chemical Pathways of Biotransformation	158	(16)
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation	174	(7)
Synopsis	181	(1)
Guides for Study and Review	182	(1)
Suggested Reading	183	(2)
General Principles of the Quantitative Aspects of Drug Action
Dose-Response Relationships	185	(36)
Quantitative Aspects of Drug-Receptor Interactions	186	(14)
The Quantal Dose-Response Relationship	200	(11)
The Specificity and Selectivity of Drug Action	211	(3)
Synopsis	214	(4)
Guides for Study and Review	218	(2)
Suggested Reading	220	(1)
General Principles of the Quantitative Aspects of Drug Action
Time-Response Relationships	221	(38)
Rate of Drug Absorption	226	(3)
Rate of Drug Elimination	229	(12)
The Time Course of Drug Action after Single Doses	241	(6)
The Kinetics of Drug Accumulation Following Multiple Doses	247	(7)
Synopsis	254	(2)
Guides for Study and Review	256	(2)
Suggested Reading	258	(1)
Factors Modifying the Effects of Drugs in Individuals
Variability in Response Attributable to the Biologic System	259	(28)
Body Weight and Size	260	(1)
Age	260	(5)
Gender	265	(1)
Genetic Factors	265	(16)
General Conditions of Health	281	(1)
Psychologic Factors: The Placebo Effect	282	(2)
Remarks	284	(1)
Guides for Study and Review	284	(1)
Suggested Reading	285	(2)
Factors Modifying the Effects of Drugs in Individuals
Variability in Response Attributable to the Conditions of Administration	287	(38)
Modified Drug Effects after Repeated Administration of a Single Drug	287	(18)
Drug Interactions	305	(10)
Interactions with Dietary and Inhaled Substances	315	(1)
Synopsis	316	(5)
Guides for Study and Review	321	(2)
Suggested Reading	323	(2)
Drug Toxicity	325	(42)
Classifications of Toxic Reactions	327	(8)
Evaluation of Drug Toxicity	335	(11)
Incidence of Poisoning	346	(7)
Treatment of Toxicity	353	(10)
Synopsis	363	(1)
Guides for Study and Review	364	(2)
Suggested Reading	366	(1)
How Drugs Alter Physiologic Function	367	(24)
Drug Actions Influencing the Autonomic Nervous System	367	(20)
Guides for Study and Review	387	(1)
Suggested Reading	388	(3)
The Pharmacologic Aspects of Drug Abuse	391	(36)
The Functional Organization of the Central Nervous System	392	(7)
General Characteristics of Drug Dependence and Addiction	399	(2)
Drug-Seeking Behavior and the Reward Pathway	401	(1)
General Characteristics of Abused Drugs	402	(2)
General Depressants of the Central Nervous System	404	(2)
Opioid Analgesics	406	(4)
Stimulants of the Central Nervous System	410	(4)
Hallucinogens	414	(7)
Drugs Used to Treat Drug Dependence	421	(1)
Synopsis	422	(2)
Guides for Study and Review	424	(1)
Suggested Reading	425	(2)
The Development and Evaluation of New Drugs	427	(28)
Development and Evaluation in the Laboratory	427	(12)
Clinical Studies	439	(9)
The New Drug Application (NDA)	448	(4)
Concluding Remarks	452	(1)
Guides for Study and Review	453	(1)
Suggested Reading	453	(2)
GLOSSARY	455	(90)
APPENDIXES
1. Drugs for Treating Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders	477	(10)
2. Drugs for Modifying Renal Function	487	(6)
3. Drugs for Treating Infections and Cancer	493	(12)
4. Drugs for Treating Hypertension	505	(6)
5. Drugs for Reducing Pain and Consciousness	511	(18)
6. Drugs for Producing Sedation and Sleep	529	(4)
7. Drugs for Treating Mood Disorders	533	(8)
8. Drugs for Stimulating the Central Nervous System	541	(4)
Index	545