Pharmacology for Technicians

by Ballington, Don A.; Laughlin, Mary M.

• ISBN13: 9780763815271
• ISBN10: 0763815276
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-12-01
• Publisher: Emc Pub

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
UNIT 1 THE SCIENCE OF PHARMACOLOGY	1	(54)
The Evolution of Medicinal Drugs	3	(16)
The History of Medicinal Drugs	3	(3)
Early Remedies	3	(1)
Drugs in the Middle Ages	4	(1)
Drugs in the Modern Age	5	(1)
American Pharmacology	5	(1)
Twentieth Century Pharmacology	5	(1)
Present-Day Pharmacology Practice	6	(2)
The Pharmacist and Pharmacy Technician	7	(1)
Medicinal Drugs	7	(1)
Drug Origins and Sources	8	(1)
Drug Names and Classifications	8	(1)
Drug Legislation and Regulation	8	(2)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)	9	(1)
Controlled Substances Act	9	(1)
Drug Testing and Approval	10	(3)
Clinical Trials	11	(1)
The FDA Approval Process	11	(1)
Post-marketing Surveillance	12	(1)
Generic Drugs	12	(1)
FDA Food Health Claims	13	(1)
Chapter Summary	14	(1)
Chapter Review	15	(4)
Introduction to Pharmacology	19	(14)
Receptors	19	(1)
Mechanisms of Drug Action	20	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	20	(5)
Pharmacokinetics Processes	20	(1)
Absorption	21	(1)
Distribution	22	(1)
Metabolisms	22	(1)
Elimination	23	(1)
Important Pharmacokinetic Parameters	23	(2)
Pharmacokinetic Modeling	25	(1)
Drug Effects	25	(3)
Beneficial Responses	26	(1)
Harmful Responses	26	(1)
Allergic Responses	26	(1)
Drug Dependence, Addiction, Abuse, and Tolerance	26	(1)
Drug Interactions	27	(1)
Chapter Summary	28	(1)
Chapter Review	29	(4)
Administration of Pharmacologic Agents	33	(22)
The Drug Prescription	33	(2)
Five ``Rights'' for Correct Drug Administration	35	(1)
Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration	36	(3)
Oral routes	36	(2)
Parenteral Routes	38	(1)
Topical Routes	38	(1)
Factors that Influence Drug Effects	39	(5)
Special Considerations in Elderly Patients	39	(1)
Changes in Physiologic Function	40	(1)
Altered Drug Responses	41	(2)
Special Considerations in Pediatric Patients	43	(1)
Immunization	43	(1)
Teaching Patients to Manage Their Medications	44	(1)
Natural Chemicals that Affect Drug Action and Response	45	(5)
Histamine	45	(1)
The Allergic Response	46	(1)
Allergic Diseases	47	(1)
Drug Therapy for Allergies	48	(1)
Prostaglandins	48	(1)
Endocrine System Actions	48	(1)
Cardiovascular System Actions	48	(1)
Gastrointestinal System Actions	49	(1)
Pulmonary System Actions	49	(1)
Inflammatory Actions	49	(1)
Bradykinin	49	(1)
Chapter Summary	50	(2)
Chapter Review	52	(3)
UNIT 2 ANTI-INFECTIVES AND DRUGS FOR THE COMMON COLD	55	(60)
Antibiotics	57	(26)
Fighting Bacterial Infections	57	(3)
Types of Bacteria	57	(1)
Symptoms of Bacterial Infections	58	(1)
Antibiotic Treatment and Action	59	(1)
Antibiotic Side Effects and Dispensing Issues	59	(1)
Antimicrobial Resistance	60	(1)
Classes of Antibiotics	60	(10)
Sulfonamides	61	(1)
Thereapeutic Uses of Sulfonamides	61	(1)
Sulfonamides' Side Effects and Dispensing Issues	61	(1)
Penicillins	62	(1)
Therapeutic Uses of Penicillins	62	(1)
Penicillins' side Effects and Dispensing Issues	63	(1)
Resistant Penicillins	63	(1)
Cephalosporins	63	(2)
Therapeutic Uses of Cephalosporins	65	(1)
Cephalosporins' Side Effects and Dispensing Issues	65	(1)
Structurally Related Drugs	65	(1)
Tetracyclines	66	(1)
Therapeutic Uses of Tetracyclines	66	(1)
Tetracyclines' Side Effects and Dispensing Issues	66	(1)
Macrolides	67	(1)
Therapeutic Uses of Macrolides	67	(1)
Macrolides' Side Effects and Dispensing Issues	67	(1)
Quinolones	68	(1)
Therapeutic Uses of Quinolones	69	(1)
Quionolones' Side Effects and Dispensing Issues	69	(1)
Streptogrammins	69	(1)
Aminoglycosides	69	(1)
Miscellaneous Antibiotics	70	(3)
Vancocin (Vancomycin)	70	(1)
Chloromycetin (Chloramphenicol)	71	(1)
Cleocin (Clindamycin)	71	(1)
Flagyl (Metronodazole)	71	(1)
Pentam and NabuPent (Pentamidine)	72	(1)
Chapter Summary	73	(4)
Drugs Summary	77	(2)
Chapter Review	79	(4)
Antivirals, Antiretrovirals, and Antifungals	83	(20)
Viruses and Their Characteristics	83	(5)
Stages of Viral Infection	83	(1)
Viral Classification	84	(1)
Viral Duration and Severity	84	(1)
Viral Infection	85	(1)
Latent Viruses	85	(1)
Virus and Cell Interaction	85	(1)
Vaccination	85	(1)
Antivirals	86	(1)
Systemic Agents	87	(1)
Ophthalmic Agents	88	(1)
Inhalation Agent	88	(1)
Antiretrovirals	88	(5)
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)	88	(2)
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)	90	(1)
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)	91	(1)
Responding to Exposure to HIV	92	(1)
Combining Antiretrovirals	92	(1)
Fungi and Their Characteristics	93	(4)
Fungal diseases	93	(1)
Antifungals	93	(4)
Chapter Summary	97	(2)
Drug Summary	99	(1)
Chapter Review	100	(3)
Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, ad Expectorants	103	(12)
Antihistamines	103	(2)
Therapeutic Uses of Antihistamines	103	(1)
Antihistamines' Side Effects and Dispensing Issues	104	(1)
Decongestants	105	(2)
Therapeutic Uses of Decongestants	106	(1)
Decongestants' Side Effects and Dispensing Issues	106	(1)
Antitussives	107	(2)
Therapeutic Uses of Antitussives	108	(1)
Antitussives' Side Effects and Dispensing Issues	108	(1)
Expectorants	109	(1)
Chapter Summary	110	(1)
Drug Summary	111	(1)
Chapter Review	112	(3)
UNIT 3 NARCOTIC PAIN RELIVERS AND OTHER NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS	115	(76)
Anesthetic Analgesics, and Narcotics	117	(28)
The Nervous System	117	(2)
The Central Nervous System	117	(1)
The Peripheral Nervous System	118	(1)
The Autonomic Nervous System	118	(1)
The Somatic Nervous System	118	(1)
Major Neurotransmitters	118	(1)
Drug Effects on the Nervous System	119	(1)
Anethesia	119	(8)
General Anesthetics	120	(1)
Preanesthetic Medications	121	(1)
Inhalant Anesthetics	121	(1)
Malignant Hyperthermia	122	(1)
Injectable Anesthetics	123	(1)
Antagonists	124	(1)
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents	124	(1)
Agents to Reverse Neuromuscular Blocking Agents	124	(1)
Local Anesthetics	125	(2)
Pain Management	127	(6)
Narcotics and Opiates	129	(1)
Addiction and Dependence	130	(1)
Combination Drugs for Managing Pain	131	(1)
Narcotic Analgesics	131	(2)
Migraine Headaches	133	(4)
Selective 5-HT Receptor Agents	135	(1)
Ergot Preparations	136	(1)
Antiemetic Agents	136	(1)
Opioid Analgesics	136	(1)
Other Anti-Migraine Agents	136	(1)
Chapter Summary	137	(2)
Drug Summary	139	(2)
Chapter Review	141	(4)
Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, and Antianxiety Agents	145	(24)
Antidepressants	145	(6)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)	146	(1)
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)	147	(1)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)	148	(1)
Other Antidepressants	149	(1)
Drugs Uses in Bipolar Disorders	149	(1)
Lithium and Its Compounds (Lithonate, Eskalith, Lithobid, Lithotabs)	150	(1)
Other Bipolar Drugs	151	(1)
Antipsychotics	151	(2)
Antipsychotics' Side Effects	152	(1)
Drugs that Minimize the Side Effects of Antipsychotics	153	(1)
Antipsychotics' Dispensing Issues	153	(1)
Antianxiety Agents	153	(6)
Panic Disorders	155	(1)
Pahtophysiology	155	(1)
Treatment	156	(1)
Sleep Disorders	156	(1)
Stages of Sleep	156	(1)
Types of Insomnia	157	(1)
Treating Insomnia	157	(2)
Alchoholism	159	(3)
Alchol's Effects on Metabolism and Excretion	159	(1)
Alcohol Antagonists	160	(2)
Chapter Summary	162	(2)
Drug Summary	164	(2)
Chapter Review	166	(3)
Anticonvulsants and Drugs to Treat Other CNS Disorders	169	(22)
Epilepsy	169	(8)
Seizures	169	(1)
Partial Seizures	170	(1)
Generalized Seizures	170	(1)
Status Epilepticus	171	(1)
Antiepileptic Drug Therapy	171	(6)
Anti-Parkinson Agents	177	(3)
Parkinson's Disease	177	(1)
Parkinson's Disease Drug Therapy	177	(3)
Other CNS Disorders	180	(6)
Myasthenia Gravis	181	(1)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention-Deficit Disorder	182	(1)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)	183	(1)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)	183	(1)
Alzheimer's Disease	184	(2)
Chapter Summary	186	(1)
Drug Summary	187	(1)
Chapter Review	188	(3)
UNIT 4 RESPIRATORY, GI, RENAL, AND CARDIAC DRUGS	191	(118)
Respiratory Drugs	193	(24)
Asthma	193	(8)
The Asthmatic Response	194	(1)
Goals of Asthma Care and Management of the Disease	194	(1)
Asthma Drug Therapy	195	(2)
Bronchodilators	197	(2)
Xanthime Derivatives	199	(1)
Leukotriene Inhibitors	200	(1)
Corticosteroids	200	(1)
Mast Cell Stabilizers	201	(1)
Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis	201	(2)
Other Lung Diseases	203	(4)
Pneumonia	203	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)	203	(1)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)	204	(1)
Respiratory Tract Infections	204	(1)
Tuberculosis (TB)	205	(2)
Smoking Cessation	207	(3)
Planning to Stop Smoking	208	(1)
Smoking Cessation Drug Therapy	209	(1)
Chapter Summary	210	(2)
Drug Summary	212	(1)
Chapter Review	213	(4)
Gastrointestinal Drugs	217	(30)
Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System	217	(1)
Gastrointestinal Diseases	218	(8)
Peptic Ulcers	219	(1)
Gastric Ulcers	219	(1)
Duodenal Ulcers	219	(1)
Stress Ulcers	219	(1)
Gastrosophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)	219	(1)
Drug-Induced Ulcers	220	(1)
Pharmacologic Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases	220	(1)
Antacids	221	(2)
Histamine2, Receptor Antagonists	223	(1)
Combinations	223	(1)
Proton Pump Inhibitors	223	(1)
Coating Agents	224	(1)
Prostaglandin E Analog	224	(1)
Cholinergic Agent	224	(1)
Mast Cell Stabilizer	224	(1)
Pancreatic Enzyme	224	(1)
Immunosuppression	224	(1)
Monoclonal Antibody	225	(1)
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs	225	(1)
Gallstone Dissolution	225	(1)
Antiemetic	226	(1)
Antidiarrheals	226	(1)
Fiber, GI Diseases, and Constipation	227	(4)
Fiber Supplementation	228	(1)
Gastrointestinal Diseases	228	(1)
Diverticular Diseases	228	(1)
Hiatal Hernia	229	(1)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)	229	(1)
Hemorrhoids	229	(1)
Pharmacologic Treatment of Constipation	229	(1)
Emollients/Lubricants	229	(1)
Stimulants	230	(1)
Bulk-Forming Agents	230	(1)
Antiflatulents	231	(1)
Bowel Evacuant	231	(1)
Antiemetics	231	(2)
Obesity	233	(3)
Stimulants	235	(1)
Lipase Inhibitor	235	(1)
Fiber Agents	236	(1)
Pharmacologic Treatment of Parasites	236	(3)
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)	237	(1)
Flukes and Schistosomiasis	237	(1)
Tapeworms	237	(1)
Nematodes (Roundworms)	238	(1)
Pinworm	238	(1)
Whipworm	238	(1)
Hookworm	238	(1)
Trichinella	238	(1)
Stronglyoides	238	(1)
Chapter Summary	239	(2)
Drug Summary	241	(2)
Chapter Review	243	(4)
Urinary System Drugs	247	(20)
Renal Function and Disease	247	(4)
Stages of Renal Disease	248	(1)
Causes of Renal Failure	248	(1)
Prerenal Events	249	(1)
Intrarenal Events	249	(1)
Postrenal Events	249	(1)
Renal Drug Therapy	249	(2)
Drugs for the Urinary Tract	251	(4)
Urinary Tract Infections Drug Therapy	252	(1)
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy Drug Therapy	253	(2)
Diuretics	255	(4)
Chapter Summary	259	(1)
Drug Summary	260	(1)
Chapter Review	261	(6)
Cardiovascular Drugs	267	(42)
Heart Disease	267	(1)
Antiarrhythmics	268	(6)
Normal Cardiac Rhythm	269	(1)
Abnormalities in Heart Rate and/or Rhythm	270	(1)
Pharmaceutical Treatment of Abnormal Heart Rates and Rhythms	271	(1)
Membrane Stabilizing Agents (Class I)	272	(1)
Beta Blockers (Class II)	273	(1)
Inhibitors of Neurotransmitter Release and Reuptake (Class III)	273	(1)
Calcium Channel Blockers (Class IV)	273	(1)
Other Agents	274	(1)
Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)	274	(3)
Antiarrhythmics	275	(1)
Vasodilators	276	(1)
ACE Inhibitors	276	(1)
Angiotensin II Antagonists	277	(1)
Myocardial Infarction (MI)	277	(1)
Causes of a Heart Attack	277	(1)
Symptoms of a Heart Attack	277	(1)
Myocardial Drug Therapy	278	(1)
Angina Pectoris	278	(3)
The Symptoms and Risk Factors of Angina Pectoris	278	(1)
Antianginal Drugs	279	(1)
Nitrates	279	(1)
Calcium Channel Blockers	280	(1)
Beta Blockers	281	(1)
Hpertension	281	(6)
Untreated Hypertension	281	(1)
Hypertension Therapy	282	(1)
Antihypertensive Therapeutics	283	(1)
Diruetics	283	(2)
Calcium Channel Blockers	285	(1)
ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)	285	(1)
Angiotensin II-Receptor Antagonists	285	(1)
Beta Blockers	285	(1)
CNS Agents	286	(1)
Peripheral Acting Agents	286	(1)
Vasodilators	286	(1)
Combination Drugs	287	(1)
Anticoagulants and Antiplatelets	287	(4)
Anticoagulant Agents	288	(1)
Antiplatelet Agents	289	(1)
Glycoprotein Antagonists	289	(1)
Fibrinolytic Agents	290	(1)
Stroke	291	(3)
Causes of a Stroke	291	(1)
Types of Stroke	291	(1)
Stroke Prevention and Management	292	(1)
Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Agents	292	(1)
Anticoagulant and Fibrinolytic Agents	293	(1)
Side Effects and Dispensing Issues for TIA and Stroke Prevention Agents	293	(1)
Hyperlipidemia	294	(5)
Hyperlipidemic Agents	296	(1)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors	296	(1)
Fibric Acid Derivatives	297	(1)
Bile Acid Sequestrants	298	(1)
Other Cholesterol-Lowering Agents	298	(1)
Chapter Summary	299	(4)
Drug Summary	303	(2)
Chapter Review	305	(4)
UNIT 5 NONNARCOTIC ANALGESICS, MUSCLE RELAXANTS, HORMONES, AND TOPICALS	309	(88)
Muscle Relaxants, Nonnarcotic Analgesics, and Drugs for Arthritis	311	(22)
Muscle Relaxants	311	(2)
Digestive Therapy for Herniated Disc	313	(1)
Nonnarcotic Analgesics	313	(4)
Salicylates	314	(2)
Antipyretic Analgesic	316	(1)
Mixed Analgesics	316	(1)
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)	316	(1)
Drugs for Arthritis and Related Disorders	317	(8)
NSAIDs	318	(1)
Conventional NSAIDs	319	(2)
Cox-2 Inhibitors	321	(1)
Other Drugs Used to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis	321	(1)
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs	322	(1)
Drugs for Gouty Arthritis	323	(2)
Chapter Summary	325	(3)
Drug Summary	328	(1)
Chapter Review	329	(4)
Hormones	333	(38)
Thyroid Hormones	333	(3)
Hypothyroidism	334	(1)
Hyperthyroidism	335	(1)
Adrenal Sex Hormones and Male Impotence	336	(3)
Female Hormones	339	(5)
Progestins	339	(1)
Estrogen	339	(2)
Contraceptives	341	(2)
Home Pregnancy Tests	343	(1)
Drugs for Bone Diseases	344	(2)
Drugs for Sexually Transmitted Diseases	346	(4)
Gonorrhea	346	(1)
Syphilis	347	(1)
Primary-Stage Infection	348	(1)
Secondary-Stage Infection	348	(1)
Tertiary-Stage Infection	348	(1)
Congenital Syphilis	348	(1)
Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)	348	(1)
Lymphogranuloma Venereum	348	(1)
Genital Herpes	348	(1)
Candidiasis	349	(1)
Vaginitis	349	(1)
Agents for Sexually Transmitted Diseases	349	(1)
Corticosteroids	350	(2)
Hypoglycemic Agents	352	(7)
Types of Diabetes	353	(1)
Lack of Insulin	353	(1)
Treating Diabetes	354	(1)
Insulin	355	(2)
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents	357	(1)
First-Generation Sulfonylureas	357	(1)
Second-Generation Sulfonylureas	357	(1)
Enzyme Inhibitors	357	(1)
Biguanide	358	(1)
Glitazones	358	(1)
Growth Hormone	359	(2)
Chapter Summary	361	(3)
Drug Summary	364	(2)
Chapter Review	366	(5)
Topicals, Opthalmics, and Otics	371	(26)
Structure and Function of Skin	371	(1)
Disorders of the Skin and Agents to Treat Them	372	(13)
Disorder of the Sebaceous Glands	372	(1)
Pruritus	373	(1)
Ultraviolet Radiation and Phototoxicity	373	(1)
Allergic and Inflammatory Reactions	374	(1)
Viral Infections	374	(1)
Fungal Infections	375	(1)
Common Agents for Skin Diseases and Disorders	375	(1)
Psoriasis	375	(1)
Dandruff	375	(1)
Acne Vulgaris and Wrinkles	375	(2)
Actinic Keratoses	377	(1)
Atopic Dermatitis	377	(1)
Fungi	377	(1)
Other Skin Conditions	377	(1)
Antiseptics and Disinfectants	378	(2)
Infections and Topical Antibiotics	380	(1)
Common Skin Infections	380	(1)
Topical Antibiotics	380	(1)
Topical Corticosteroids	381	(1)
Pediculicides and Scabicides	382	(1)
Human Lice	382	(2)
Scabies	384	(1)
Opthalmics	385	(3)
Glaucoma	386	(2)
Conjunctivitis	388	(1)
Otics	388	(2)
Chapter Summary	390	(2)
Drug Summary	392	(2)
Chapter Review	394	(3)
UNIT 6 CHEMOTHERAPY, HERBS, AND MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS	397	(60)
Recombinant Drugs and Chemotherapy	399	(30)
Recombinant DNA	399	(7)
Proteins	399	(1)
Recombinant Process for Manufacturing Protein	399	(2)
Economic Challenges	401	(1)
Recombinant DNA Agents	402	(1)
Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSFs)	402	(2)
Biological-Response Modifiers	404	(1)
Human Growth Hormones	404	(1)
Fibrinolytic Agent	405	(1)
Secretion-Thinning Agent	405	(1)
Hematologic Agent	405	(1)
Fusion Protein	405	(1)
Immune System	406	(7)
Immune Responses	406	(1)
Humoral Immunity	406	(1)
Immunoglobulins	407	(1)
IgG	407	(1)
IgM	407	(1)
IgA	407	(1)
IgE	407	(1)
IgD	407	(1)
Cellular Immunity	407	(1)
Lymphocytes	408	(2)
Monoclonal Antibody Antirejection Drugs	410	(1)
Other Antirejection Drugs	411	(1)
Hypersensitivity	411	(1)
Type I Reactions	411	(1)
Type II Reactions	412	(1)
Type III Reactions	412	(1)
Type IV Reactions	412	(1)
Summary of Body Defenses	412	(1)
Neoplastic Disease (Cancer)	413	(8)
Agents for Chemotherapy	414	(2)
Alkylating Agents	416	(1)
Antibiotics	416	(1)
Antimetabolites	416	(1)
Hormones	416	(1)
Nitrogen Mustards	417	(1)
Plant Alkaloids	417	(1)
Topoisomerase I Inhibitors	417	(1)
Miscellaneous Agents	417	(1)
Cytoprotective (Rescue) Agents	417	(1)
Biologic-Response Modifiers	418	(1)
Interferon	418	(1)
Interleukin-2	418	(1)
Tumor-Necrosis Factor	418	(1)
Colony-Stimulating Factors	418	(1)
Monoclonal Antibodies	419	(1)
Pain	419	(1)
Oral Complications	419	(1)
Extravasation of Chemotherapeutic Agents	420	(1)
Chapter Summary	421	(2)
Drug Summary	423	(2)
Chapter Review	425	(4)
Vitamins, Nutritional Supplements, Natural Supplements, Antidotes, and CODE Blue Emergencies	429	(28)
Total Parenteral Nutrition	429	(5)
Malnutrition	430	(1)
Indications for Total Parenteral Nutrition	431	(1)
Complications of Parenteral Nutrition	431	(1)
Preparing Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions	432	(2)
Vitamins, Fluid, Levels, and Electrolytes	434	(5)
Vitamins	434	(1)
Fat-Soluble Vitamins	435	(1)
Water-Soluble Vitamins	435	(1)
Body Fluids	436	(1)
Extracellular Volume Deficit	437	(1)
Extracellular Volume Excess	437	(1)
Therapy	437	(1)
Electrolytes	438	(1)
Sodium (Na+)	438	(1)
Potassium (K+)	438	(1)
Calcium (Ca++)	438	(1)
Chloride (Cl-)	439	(1)
Hydrogen Ions (H+)	439	(1)
Natural Supplements	439	(3)
Natural Supplement Safety	439	(2)
Most-commonly Used Natural Supplements	441	(1)
Poisons and Antidotes	442	(4)
Common Routes of Poisoning	443	(1)
Supportive Therapy	443	(1)
Gastric Lavage	443	(1)
Pharmacologic Antagonists (Antidotes)	444	(1)
Antivenoms	445	(1)
Supportive Drugs	445	(1)
Clinically Significant Drug-Food Interactions	445	(1)
CODE Blue Emergencies	446	(4)
Agents for Cardiac Emergencies	447	(1)
Cardiac Stimulation	447	(1)
Hypotension	448	(1)
Bradycardia	449	(1)
Esophageal Bleeding	449	(1)
Cerebrovascular Accident	449	(1)
Miscellaneous Agent	449	(1)
The Blue Alert Cart	449	(1)
Chapter Summary	450	(2)
Drug Summary	452	(2)
Chapter Review	454	(3)
Appendix A Equivalent Measures and Conversions	457	(2)
Appendix B Abbreviations	459	(2)
Appendix C Lab Values	461	(2)
Index	463