Phase-separated Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

by Lipatov, Yuri S.; Alekseeva, Tatiana

• ISBN13: 9783540730712
• ISBN10: 3540730710
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-11-03
• Publisher: Springer Nature

Summary

The key physicochemical problems of the formation and properties of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) are considered. The main feature that determines the structure and properties of IPNs consists of the thermodynamic incompatibility of two constituents that arises in the course of the chemical reactions leading to the formation of IPNs. The peculiarities of the chemical reactions of IPN formation are the dependence of the reaction rate of the formation of each network on the presence of another. The chemical reactions are accompanied by the processes of phase separation. The conditions of the phase separation (its rate and degree) are dependent on the chemical kinetics. The heterogeneous structure (two evolved phases and the interfacial region between them) and the thermophysical, viscoelastic, and other physical properties of phase-separated IPNs are governed by the degree of segregation of the system into two phases. The formation of IPNs proceeds under conditions of superposition of the chemical kinetics of two reactions and the physical kinetics of phase separation, both proceeding in nonequilibrium conditions. The result is incomplete phase separation and a lack of interpenetration over the entire volume of the system. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

The Nature of IPNs	p. 6
Introduction	p. 6
Definitions	p. 8
Formation and Structure of Amorphous Polymer Networks	p. 10
Thermodynamics and Phase Separation in IPNs	p. 15
Thermodynamics of IPN Mixing	p. 15
Phase Diagrams of Reacting Systems	p. 16
Miscibility and Immiscibility of IPNs	p. 21
Mechanisms of Phase Separation in IPNs	p. 24
Nucleation and Growth	p. 24
Spinodal Decomposition	p. 35
Binder-Frisch Approach	p. 44
Interfacial Region in IPNs	p. 47
Composition and Ratio of Phases Evolved During Phase Separation	p. 51
Nonequilibrium States of IPNs	p. 52
Heterogeneous Structure and Morphology of IPNs	p. 55
Cross-linking Density in IPNs	p. 56
Free Volume	p. 62
Parameters of Heterogeneous Structure of IPNs	p. 70
Experimental Data on Heterogeneity	p. 73
Sequential IPNs Based on Polyurethane and Styrene-Divinylbenzene Copolymer	p. 74
Simultaneous IPNs Based on Polyurethane and Poly(urethane acrylate)	p. 77
Sequential IPNs Obtained Using Anionic Polymerization	p. 80
Microphase Structure of IPNs Based on PU and Ionomeric PU	p. 84
Reaction Conditions and Microphase Structure	p. 87
Characterization of IPN Structure via Small-Angle Neutron Scattering	p. 91
Features of IPN Morphology	p. 96
Relaxation Transitions and Viscoelasticity of IPNs	p. 103
Application of Mechanical Models	p. 105
Viscoelastic Functions and Relaxation Transitions	p. 111
Viscoelasticity and Curing Conditions	p. 116
Properties of Thermoplastic Apparent IPNs	p. 120
Features of Temperature Transitions	p. 124
Contribution of an Interphase to Viscoelastic Properties	p. 126
Effect of the Domain Sizes on the Glass Transition Temperatures	p. 128
Relaxation Spectra of IPNs	p. 130
Vibration-Damping Properties	p. 137
Determining the Segregation Degree from Parameters of Relaxation Maxima	p. 139
Dependence of Viscoelastic Properties on Segregation Degree	p. 143
Chemical Kinetics of IPN Formation and Phase Separation	p. 147
General Premises	p. 147
Kinetic Characteristics of IPN Formation	p. 148
Mutual Influence of the Constituent Networks on the Kinetics of IPN Formation	p. 157
Relation Between Reaction Kinetics and Microphase Separation	p. 164
Semi-IPN Based on Styrene-DVB Copolymer and PBMA	p. 164
Semi-IPN Formed by Curing PU Network in the Presence of PBMA	p. 167
IPNs Produced by Simultaneous Curing of Polyurethane and Polymerization of Butyl Methacrylate	p. 169
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Separation	p. 173
Reaction Kinetics and Properties of Evolved Phases	p. 176
Kinetics of Formation of Sequential IPNs	p. 179
Role of Kinetics in Formation of an Interphase and Segregation	p. 181
Description of Reaction Kinetics in Terms of Phase Transition	p. 183
Some Features of Rheokinetics and Structure States of Semi-IPNs During Their Formation	p. 186
Special Features of Self-Organization During the Formation of IPNs	p. 191
Kinetics of IPN Formation in the Presence of Filler	p. 194
Compatibilization in Phase-Separated IPNs	p. 199
General Premises	p. 199
Factors with Influence on Determining IPN Compatibility	p. 201
Compatibilization in IPNs Based on PU/PBMA	p. 203
Introduction of Internetwork Grafting	p. 204
Introduction of Compatibilizers	p. 207
Compatibilization in IPNs Based on PU/PS	p. 208
DMA Investigation	p. 210
DSC Measurements	p. 214
References	p. 218
Author Index Volumes 1-209	p. 229
Subject Index	p. 233
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