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9780198751946

Philosophy of Religion A Guide and Anthology

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780198751946

  • ISBN10:

    019875194X

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2000-09-14
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press

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Summary

Is it possible to be both a philosopher and a religious believer? Is philosophy a friend or foe to religious belief? Does talk of God make sense? Does God exist? What is God? Essential for anyone pondering these and similar questions, Philosophy of Religion: A Guide and Anthology provides a comprehensive, authoritative, and accessible overview of the subject. Carefully edited by Brian Davies, it contains a wide-ranging selection of 65 of the best classical and contemporary writings on the philosophy of religion, together with substantial commentary, introductory material, discussion questions, and detailed guides to further reading. The editorial material sets the selections in context and guides students through the readings. Part I of the book examines the relation between philosophy and religion; Parts II-IV consider the existence and nature of God; Part V addresses the "problem of evil" that has puzzled thinkers for centuries; and Parts VI and VII are devoted to the relationship between morality and religion and to the question of life after death. An extensive treatment of the major issues that Western philosophers have faced in thinking about religion, Philosophy of Religion is an exceptional text. No other book on the market offers this combination of introductory guide along with such a substantial anthology of readings.

Author Biography


Brian Davies is Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University. He is a Catholic Priest and Dominican Friar, and is General Editor of the series "Outstanding Christian Thinkers" and the Oxford series "Medieval Minds."

Table of Contents

Notes on Contributors xv
General introduction 1(10)
Advice on further reading 11(6)
Part I Philosophy and religious belief
Introduction
17(8)
Faith and reason in harmony
25(6)
Thomas Aquinas
The ethics of belief
31(5)
W. K. Clifford
The presumption of atheism
36(6)
Antony Flew
Religious belief as `properly basic'
42(53)
Alvin Plantinga
Evidence and religious belief
95(13)
Norman Kretzmann
Grammar and religious belief
108(7)
D. Z. Phillips
The groundlessness of religious belief
115(26)
Norman Malcolm
Questions for discussion
123(1)
Advice on further reading
124(5)
Part II The problem of God-Talk
Introduction
129(12)
How believers find God-Talk puzzling
141(2)
Augustine of Hippo
God-Talk is evidently nonsense
143(4)
A. J. Ayer
God-Talk is not evidently nonsense
147(6)
Richard Swinburne
`Death by a thousand qualifications'
153(3)
Antony Flew
One way of understanding God-Talk
156(30)
Thomas Aquinas
Questions for discussion
168(1)
Advice on further reading
169(6)
Part III Arguments for God's existence
Introduction
175(2)
Advice on further reading
177(2)
Cosmological arguments
Introduction
179(7)
A concise cosmological argument from the eleventh century
186(2)
Anselm of Canterbury
A thirteenth-century cosmological argument
188(3)
Thomas Aquinas
A fourteenth-century cosmological argument
191(3)
John Duns Scotus
A seventeenth-century cosmological argument
194(2)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
A modern cosmological argument
196(6)
Herbert McCabe
Objections to cosmological arguments
202(11)
Paul Edwards
More objections to cosmological arguments
213(17)
J. L. Mackie
Why is a cause always necessary?
230(3)
David Hume
`Whatever has a beginning of existence must have a cause'
233(6)
G. E. M. Anscombe
Can there be an endless regress of causes?
239(12)
James A. Sadowsky
Questions for discussion
242(1)
Advice on further reading
243(2)
Design arguments
Introduction
245(6)
Is the world ruled by providence?
251(2)
Thomas Aquinas
An especially famous design argument
253(7)
William Paley
We cannot know that the world is designed by God
260(11)
David Hume
The limits of design arguments
271(3)
Immanuel Kant
God, regularity, and David Hume
274(12)
R. G. Swinburne
Can design arguments be defended today?
286(25)
Robert Hambourger
Questions for discussion
301(1)
Advice on further reading
302(2)
Ontological arguments
Introduction
304(7)
Anselm argues that God cannot be thought not to exist
311(2)
Anselm of Canterbury
Gaunilo argues that Anselm is wrong
313(5)
Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
Anselm replies to Gaunilo
318(9)
Anselm of Canterbury
Descartes defends an ontological argument
327(3)
Rene Descartes
Descartes replies to critics
330(7)
Pierre Gassendi
Johannes Caterus
Rene Descartes
A classic repudiation of ontological arguments
337(5)
Immanuel Kant
A contemporary defence of ontological arguments
342(20)
Alvin Plantinga
Questions for discussion
353(1)
Advice on further reading
354(2)
God and human experience
Introduction
356(6)
Why `knowing God by experience' is a notion open to question
362(8)
C. B. Martin
Can we know God by experience?
370(12)
Peter Donovan
Why should there not be experience of God?
382(20)
William P. Alston
Questions for discussion
387(1)
Advice on further reading
388(5)
Part IV What is God?
Introduction
393(2)
Advice on further reading
395(2)
Omnipotent
Introduction
397(5)
A modern discussion of divine omnipotence
402(13)
Thomas V. Morris
Why think of God as omnipotent?
415(7)
Thomas Aquinas
Miracles and laws of nature
422(8)
Richard Swinburne
Why we should disbelieve in miracles
430(16)
David Hume
Questions for discussion
436(1)
Advice on further reading
437(2)
Knowing
Introduction
439(7)
Why ascribe knowledge to God?
446(10)
Thomas Aquinas
Omniscience and human freedom: a classic discussion
456(9)
Boethius
Problems for the notion of divine omniscience
465(17)
Nelson Pike
Questions for discussion
473(1)
Advice on further reading
474(2)
Eternal
Introduction
476(6)
Why call God `eternal'?
482(3)
Thomas Aquinas
God is `everlasting', not `eternal'
485(20)
Nicholas Wolterstorff
A modern defence of divine eternity
505(14)
Elenore Stump
Norman Kretzmann
A different modern defence of divine eternity
519(20)
Paul Helm
Questions for discussion
531(1)
Advice on further reading
532(1)
Simple
Introduction
533(6)
A classic defence of divine simplicity
539(6)
Thomas Aquinas
Problems with divine simplicity
545(4)
Thomas V. Morris
A modern defence of divine simplicity
549(32)
Brian Davies
Questions for discussion
565(1)
Advice on further reading
566(5)
Part V The problem of evil
Introduction
571(10)
Evil shows that there is no God
581(11)
J. L. Mackie
What is evil?
592(7)
Augustine of Hippo
Evil does not show that there is no God
599(15)
Richard Swinburne
God, evil, and divine responsibility
614(11)
Herbert McCabe
God and human freedom
625(14)
Thomas Aquinas
Questions for discussion
628(1)
Advice on further reading
629(4)
Part VI Morality and religion
Introduction
633(6)
God as a `postulate' of sound moral thinking
639(7)
Immanuel Kant
Why morality implies the existence of God
646(13)
H. P. Owen
Moral thinking as awareness of God
659(9)
Illtyd Trethowan
Morality does not imply the existence of God
668(23)
Kai Nielsen
Questions for discussion
682(1)
Advice on further reading
683(4)
Part VII People and life after death
Introduction
687(4)
Philosophy and life after death: the questions and the options
691(17)
Steven T. Davis
Life after death: an ancient Greek view
708(13)
Plato
Belief in life after death comes from emotion, not reason
721(3)
Bertrand Russell
What must be true of me if I survive my death?
724(11)
Peter Geach
Questions for discussion
732(1)
Advice on further reading
733(2)
Index 735

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