Phlebotomy Technician Specialist

by Kalanick,Kathryn A

• ISBN13: 9780766823464
• ISBN10: 0766823466
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-08-01
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This dynamic, full-color book presents all of the information you need to perform phlebotomy skills expertly. Whether new to the medical field or cross training from another Allied Health profession, Phlebotomy Technician Specialist is versatile enough to be used by learners and medical professionals that have not previously performed phlebotomy procedures. Two separate chapters on point-of-care testing separate enhanced skills such as taking a patient's vital signs, temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressures from specialized testing such as hematocrits, hemoglobins, blood pressure, coagulation studies, pregnancy testing and other point-of-care tests for more thorough coverage. With an approach that emphasizes the importance of customer service, this book helps facilitate a smooth transition between educational and work environments.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Reviewers	xvi
Procedure Icons	xvii
Introduction to Phlebotomy	1	(32)
The History of Phlebotomy	2	(6)
Bloodletting Devices and Methods	2	(6)
Phlebotomy Education and Certification	8	(2)
Phlebotomist's Responsibilities	10	(1)
The Phlebotomist as Part of the Health Care Team	11	(4)
Hospital Personnel	12	(2)
Laboratory Personnel	14	(1)
Law and Ethics	15	(7)
Civil Law	15	(5)
Criminal Law	20	(1)
Preventive Law	20	(1)
Ethics	21	(1)
OSHA and CLIA	22	(3)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)	22	(1)
Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)	23	(2)
Quality Assurance---Quality Control	25	(1)
Risk Management	26	(7)
Medical Terminology	33	(26)
Introduction: The Language of Medicine	34	(1)
Word Roots	34	(1)
Combining Forms	35	(4)
Prefixes	39	(2)
Suffixes	41	(4)
Abbreviations---Medical Laboratory	45	(14)
Anatomy and Physiology	59	(102)
Introduction to the Human Body	61	(7)
Anatomic Position	63	(1)
Directional Terms	64	(1)
Planes and Body Sections	65	(1)
Body Cavities	66	(1)
Nine Regions of the Abdominopelvic Cavity	67	(1)
Body Functions	68	(1)
Body Organization	69	(9)
Cells	69	(3)
Tissues	72	(5)
Organs	77	(1)
Skeletal System	78	(2)
Function	78	(1)
Structures	78	(1)
Disorders	78	(2)
Diagnostic Tests	80	(1)
Muscular System	80	(3)
Nervous System	83	(6)
Integumentary System	89	(5)
Digestive System	94	(5)
Endocrine System	99	(4)
Urinary System	103	(5)
Lymphatic System---Immune System	108	(4)
Reproductive System	112	(4)
Respiratory System	116	(7)
Cardiovascular System	123	(38)
The Heart	123	(3)
The Blood Vessels and Circulation	126	(10)
The Blood	136	(5)
Coagulation/Hemostasis	141	(1)
Blood Type	142	(19)
Infection Control---Safety Procedures	161	(40)
The Infection Cycle	162	(2)
Breaking the Chain of Infection	164	(1)
Isolation Procedures	165	(4)
Universal Precautions Versus Body Substance Isolation Versus Standard Precautions	169	(4)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)	173	(3)
Gloves	173	(2)
Masks, Respiratory Protection, Protective Eye Wear, Face Shields	175	(1)
Protective Apparel	175	(1)
Handwashing	176	(1)
Medical/Surgical Asepsis	177	(1)
Sterile Techniques	177	(5)
Opening a Sterile Package	180	(2)
Laboratory Safety	182	(2)
Laboratory Hazards	184	(5)
Biological Hazards	184	(1)
Sharps	185	(1)
Chemical, Electrical, and Radioactive Hazards	185	(4)
Blood-Borne Pathogens---OSHA Regulations	189	(12)
Prevention of Occupational Exposure	190	(1)
Personal Exposure Control Plan	190	(2)
Follow-Up Treatment	192	(1)
Precautions Taken During Follow-Up Period	193	(8)
Documentation	201	(26)
Introduction	202	(1)
Laboratory Requisition Forms	202	(5)
Computer Requisition Forms	202	(1)
Manual Requisition Forms	203	(1)
Generalities of Laboratory Requisition Forms	204	(3)
Transmission of Laboratory Requisition Forms	207	(1)
Client/Patient Charting	207	(1)
Insurance Billing/Private Pay	208	(6)
Payment for Services Rendered	210	(2)
Health Care Revisions	212	(1)
Billing the Insurance Company	213	(1)
Laboratory Computer	214	(13)
Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS)	220	(7)
Vital Signs	227	(44)
Introduction	228	(1)
Pulse	228	(3)
Respirations	231	(2)
Characteristics of Respiration	232	(1)
Temperature	233	(19)
Thermometers	235	(10)
Aural/Tympanic Membrane Thermometers	245	(7)
Blood Pressure	252	(19)
Measuring Blood Pressure	254	(17)
Electrocardiography	271	(56)
Introduction	272	(1)
History of Electrocardiography	273	(2)
Review of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart	275	(3)
Types of Circulation	277	(1)
The Cardiac Cycle	278	(1)
Electrical Conduction of the Heart	278	(3)
Electrophysiology of the Heart	279	(2)
12-Lead ECG Machine	281	(2)
ECG Tracings	283	(3)
Waves, Segments, Intervals, and Complexes	283	(3)
Heart Rate Calculation	286	(1)
The Lead System	286	(6)
Lead Placement	289	(3)
Performing an ECG	292	(11)
ECG Equipment	292	(2)
Care of the Equipment	294	(1)
Patient Preparation	294	(2)
Mounting Single-Channel ECG Tracings	296	(4)
Artifacts	300	(2)
Special Circumstances	302	(1)
Identifying Cardiac Rhythms	303	(24)
Sinus Rhythm---Basic Arrhythmias	304	(3)
Atrial Arrhythmias	307	(5)
Junctional Rhythms---Advanced Arrhythmia	312	(1)
Ventricular Rhythms	313	(5)
Other Malignant Arrhythmias	318	(9)
Blood Collection Equipment and Supplies	327	(26)
General Blood Collection Equipment and Supplies	328	(3)
Gloves	328	(1)
Goggles	328	(1)
Antiseptics	329	(1)
Gauze Pads	329	(1)
Bandages	329	(1)
Needle Disposal Equipment	330	(1)
Capillary Puncture Equipment and Supplies	331	(2)
Lancets	331	(1)
Spring-Loaded Puncture Devices	331	(1)
Microhematocrit Tubes	332	(1)
Clay Sealer Trays	332	(1)
Microcollection Systems	333	(1)
Venipuncture Equipment and Supplies	333	(12)
Syringe	333	(2)
Butterfly Collection Device	335	(4)
Tourniquets	339	(1)
Evacuated Tubes	340	(2)
Blood-Drawing Trays	342	(3)
Blood-Drawing Chair	345	(1)
Arterial Blood Gas Equipment and Supplies	345	(8)
General Supplies	346	(1)
Prepackaged Arterial Blood Gas Kits	346	(7)
Collection By Capillary Puncture	353	(22)
Introduction	354	(1)
Phlebotomist Preparation---Assembling and Preparing Equipment	355	(1)
Client/Patient Identification and Preparation	355	(1)
Site Identification	356	(1)
Fingertips	356	(1)
Heel and Toes	357	(1)
Performing the Puncture	357	(6)
Finger Stick	359	(2)
Heel Stick	361	(2)
Processing the Specimen	363	(12)
Order of Draw	363	(1)
Microcollection Containers	363	(1)
Blood Smears	363	(12)
Collection by Routine Venipuncture	375	(50)
Introduction	376	(1)
Phlebotomist Preparation---Assembling and Preparing Equipment	377	(1)
Client/Patient Identification and Preparation	378	(2)
Sequence of Venipuncture Procedure	380	(19)
Site Identification	380	(1)
Application of Tourniquet	381	(4)
Cleansing the Venipuncture Site	385	(1)
Performing the Puncture	385	(14)
Specimen Identification and Tube Labeling	399	(1)
Failure to Obtain Blood and Other Considerations	400	(5)
Collapsed Vein	401	(1)
Damaged or Occluded Veins	401	(1)
Obesity	401	(1)
Incorrect Needle and/or Tube Position	402	(3)
Other Considerations Regarding Routine Venipuncture	405	(1)
Specimen Integrity---Quality Assurance	405	(2)
Processing a Blood Specimen	407	(4)
Stopper Removal	410	(1)
Separation of Plasma and Serum	410	(1)
Specimen Rejection	411	(1)
Prioritizing Patients	412	(13)
Complications of Blood Collection	425	(12)
Introduction	426	(1)
Accidental Artery Puncture	426	(1)
Allergic Response	426	(1)
Collapsed Vein	427	(1)
Excessive Bleeding at the Site	427	(1)
Fainting---Seizures	428	(2)
Hematoma	430	(2)
Nerve Damage	432	(1)
Uncooperative Patient	432	(5)
Specialized Phlebotomy Techniques	437	(42)
Pediatric Collection	438	(4)
Restraining the Child Patient	440	(2)
Arterial Blood Gases	442	(9)
Selection of Arterial Puncture Site	443	(2)
Equipment and Supplies	445	(1)
Preparation and Procedure	446	(1)
Complications of Arterial Punctures	447	(1)
Errors and Specimen Rejection	447	(4)
Blood Cultures	451	(2)
Collection of Nonblood Specimens	453	(11)
Throat Cultures	453	(3)
Fecal (Stool) Specimens	456	(2)
Semen Specimens	458	(1)
Gastrointestinal Secretions, Amniotic Fluid, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Nasopharyngeal Specimens	458	(1)
Urine	459	(5)
Blood Donor Collections	464	(3)
Autologous Blood Donation	467	(1)
Intraoperative Blood Collection	467	(1)
Special Situations	467	(12)
Indwelling Catheters	468	(11)
Point-of-Care Testing and Other Laboratory Tests	479	(52)
History of Point-of-Care Testing	480	(2)
Reference Value Range	481	(1)
Calibration of Equipment	482	(1)
Hematocrit	482	(3)
Hemoglobin	485	(1)
Blood Glucose	486	(2)
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)	488	(1)
Cholesterol	489	(2)
Coagulation Monitoring	491	(3)
Activated Coagulation Time (ACT)	492	(1)
Prothrombin Time (PT)	493	(1)
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) and Activated Partial Thomboplastin Time (APTT)	493	(1)
Bleeding Time	494	(2)
Chemistry Panels	496	(2)
Blood Gases	497	(1)
Electrolytes	497	(1)
Blood Urea Nitrogen	498	(1)
Collection of Toxicology Specimens	498	(5)
Blood Alcohol Level and Forensic Specimens	498	(1)
Collection of Drug Testing Specimens	499	(4)
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring	503	(1)
Paternity Testing	503	(1)
Skin Tests	504	(1)
Fecal Occult Blood Test	504	(4)
Pregnancy Test	508	(1)
Rapid Strep Test	509	(1)
Urinalysis---Physical and Chemical Examination	510	(21)
Reagent Pads	516	(15)
Professional Communication Skills	531	(22)
Introduction	532	(1)
Professionalism	532	(1)
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication	533	(8)
Verbal Communication	533	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	534	(1)
Learning to Be a Good Listener	535	(1)
Other Considerations in Health Care Communication	536	(1)
Barriers to Effective Communication	537	(1)
Telephone and Computer Communication	538	(3)
Cultural Diversity	541	(1)
Death and Dying	542	(3)
Stages of Grieving	543	(2)
Keeping the Health Care Provider Healthy	545	(3)
Time Management	545	(1)
Stress Management	546	(1)
Problem Solving	547	(1)
Client/Patient Customer Service	548	(5)
Employment Skills	553	(13)
Introduction	554	(1)
Marketing Plan	554	(1)
Product Analysis	555	(5)
Identifying Your Skills or Market Value	555	(5)
Market Analysis	560	(6)
Organizing Your Job Search	560	(3)
Researching the Company/Organization	563	(1)
Networking	563	(2)
Generating Job Leads	565	(1)
Responding to Advertised Positions	566