Phonetic Analysis of Speech Corpora

by Harrington, Jonathan

• ISBN13: 9781405141697
• ISBN10: 1405141697
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-04-12
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

An accessible introduction to the phonetic analysis of speech corpora, this workbook-style text provides an extensive set of exercises to help readers develop the necessary skills to design and carry out experiments in speech research. Offers the first step-by-step treatment of advanced techniques in experimental phonetics using speech corpora and downloadable software, including the R programming language Introduces methods of analyzing phonetically-labelled speech corpora, with the goal of testing hypotheses that often arise in experimental phonetics and laboratory phonology Incorporates an extensive set of exercises and answers to reinforce the techniques introduced Accessibly written with easy-to-follow computer commands, spectrograms of speech corpora, and website resources including illustrations and downloadable speech corpora for testing purposes Discusses techniques in digital speech processing and in structuring and querying annotations from speech corpora Includes substantial coverage of analysis, including measuring gestural synchronization using EMA, the acoustics of vowels, consonant overlap using EPG, spectral analysis of fricatives and obstruents, and the probabilistic classification of acoustic speech data

Author Biography

Jonathan Harrington is Professor of the Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing (IPS), Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany. His recent research has primarily focused on modeling the acoustic and perceptual mechanisms of sound change. He is co-editor of Speech Production: Models, Phonetic Processes, and Techniques (with Marija Tabain, 2006) and Techniques in Speech Acoustics (with Steve Cassidy, 1999).

Table of Contents

Relationship between Machine Readable (MRPA) and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for Australian English	p. x
Relationship between Machine Readable (MRPA) and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for German	p. xii
Downloadable Speech Databases Used in this Book	p. xiv
Preface	p. xvi
Notes on Downloading Software	p. xix
Using Speech Corpora in Phonetics Research	p. 1
The Place of Corpora in the Phonetic Analysis of Speech	p. 1
Existing Speech Corpora for Phonetic Analysis	p. 4
Designing Your Own Corpus	p. 6
Summary and Structure of the Book	p. 18
Some Tools for Building and Querying Annotated Speech Databases	p. 20
Overview	p. 20
Getting Started with Existing Speech Databases	p. 21
Interface between Praat and Emu	p. 24
Interface to R	p. 26
Creating a New Speech Database: From Praat to Emu to R	p. 32
A First Look at the Template File	p. 34
Summary	p. 38
Questions	p. 39
Applying Routines for Speech Signal Processing	p. 46
Introduction	p. 46
Calculating, Displaying, and Correcting Formants	p. 48
Reading the Formants into R	p. 53
Summary	p. 58
Questions	p. 59
Answers	p. 69
Querying Annotation Structures	p. 72
The Emu Query Tool, Segment Tiers, and Event Tiers	p. 72
Extending the Range of Queries: Annotations from the Same Tier	p. 74
Inter-tier Links and Queries	p. 77
Entering Structured Annotations with Emu	p. 82
Conversion of a Structured Annotation to a Praat TextGrid	p. 86
Graphical User Interface to the Emu Query Language	p. 88
Re-querying Segment Lists	p. 90
Building Annotation Structures Semi-automatically with Emu-Tcl	p. 91
Branching Paths	p. 97
Summary	p. 101
Questions	p. 103
Answers	p. 108
An Introduction to Speech Data Analysis in R: A Study of an EMA Database	p. 115
EMA Recordings and the ema5 Database	p. 116
Handling Segment Lists and Vectors in Emu-R	p. 121
An Analysis of Voice-Onset Time	p. 125
Intergestural Coordination and Ensemble Plots	p. 132
Intragestural Analysis	p. 139
Summary	p. 159
Questions	p. 161
Answers	p. 164
Analysis of Formants and Formant Transitions	p. 171
Vowel Ellipses in the F2 x F1 Plane	p. 172
Outliers	p. 177
Vowel Targets	p. 179
Vowel Normalization	p. 183
Euclidean Distances	p. 190
Vowel Undershoot and Formant Smoothing	p. 198
F2 Locus, Place of Articulation, and Variability	p. 206
Questions	p. 213
Answers	p. 216
Electropalatography	p. 220
Palatography and Electropalatography	p. 220
An Overview of Electropalatography in Emu-R	p. 222
EPG Data-Reduced Objects	p. 234
Analysis of EPG Data	p. 248
Summary	p. 258
Questions	p. 259
Answers	p. 260
Spectral Analysis	p. 264
Background to Spectral Analysis	p. 264
Spectral Average, Sum, Ratio, Difference, Slope	p. 288
Spectral Moments	p. 297
The Discrete Cosine Transformation	p. 304
Questions	p. 316
Answers	p. 320
Classification	p. 327
Probability and Bayes' Theorem	p. 327
Classification: Continuous Data	p. 330
Calculating Conditional Probabilities	p. 336
Calculating Posterior Probabilities	p. 338
Two Parameters: The Bivariate Normal Distribution and Ellipses	p. 342
Classification in Two Dimensions	p. 347
Classifications in Higher Dimensional Spaces	p. 352
Classifications in Time	p. 359
Support Vector Machines	p. 366
Summary	p. 373
Questions	p. 374
Answers	p. 377
References	p. 381
Index	p. 394
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