Phonetics For Communication Disorders

by Ball; Martin J.

• ISBN13: 9780805853636
• ISBN10: 0805853634
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-06-08
• Publisher: Psychology Pres

Summary

This comprehensive textbook offers a basic introduction to phonetics in an applied systematic presentation that equips the communication disorders student to deal with the wide range of speech types that will be encountered in a clinic. While the major discussion is articulatory, speech acoustics are also examined. Illustrations of sample spectrograms appear in tandem with the more traditional articulatory drawings. Two CDs of sound examples accompanies the textbook.

Author Biography

Martin J. Ball is Hawthorne-BoRSF Distinguished Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette Nicole Muller is Associate Professor in Communicative Disorders at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette

Table of Contents

Foreword	xi
Preface	xiii
I: GENERAL PHONETICS
Phonetic Description	3	(13)
Introduction: The Speech Chain	3	(1)
Basics of Acoustics	4	(11)
Background Reading	15	(1)
Exercises	15	(1)
The Organs of Speech	16	(11)
The Vocal Tract	16	(2)
The Respiratory System	18	(1)
The Laryngeal System	19	(2)
The Supralaryngeal System	21	(1)
Monitoring Speech	22	(3)
Background Reading	25	(1)
Exercises	25	(2)
Initiation of an Airstream	27	(11)
Introduction	27	(1)
Aerodynamics of Airstream Initiation	27	(2)
Pulmonic Airstreams	29	(4)
Glottalic Airstreams	33	(1)
Velaric Airstreams	34	(1)
Esophageal and Other Airstreams	35	(1)
Transcription	36	(1)
Background Reading	36	(1)
Exercises	37	(1)
Phonation and Voice Quality	38	(12)
Introduction	38	(1)
Phonation	39	(6)
Supralaryngeal Aspects of Voice Quality	45	(3)
Background Reading	48	(1)
Exercises	48	(2)
The Description of Vowels	50	(13)
Introduction	50	(1)
Articulatory, Acoustic, and Perceptual Descriptions of Vowels	51	(1)
Describing Vowels by Articulation	52	(3)
Describing Vowels by Perception	55	(4)
Describing Vowels by Acoustics	59	(2)
Background Reading	61	(1)
Exercises	61	(2)
Articulation: Consonant Manner Types	63	(11)
Introduction	63	(1)
Stops: Plosives and Nasals	64	(1)
Nasal Stops	65	(1)
Fricatives and Affricates	66	(3)
Approximants	69	(2)
Trills and Taps	71	(1)
Obstruents and Sonorants	72	(1)
Background Reading	72	(1)
Exercises	73	(1)
Articulation: Consonant Place Types	74	(17)
Introduction	74	(1)
Labial	75	(2)
Anterior Lingual	77	(3)
Dorsal	80	(2)
Posterior	82	(1)
Articulatory Description of Consonants	83	(1)
Acoustic Description of Consonants	84	(4)
Background Reading	88	(1)
Exercises	89	(2)
More on Consonants	91	(13)
Introduction	91	(1)
Modifications to Oral Stops	91	(5)
Multiple Articulations	96	(4)
Acoustic Characteristics	100	(1)
The IPA Chart	101	(1)
Background Reading	102	(1)
Exercises	102	(2)
Suprasegmental Phonetics	104	(15)
Introduction	104	(1)
Stress	104	(2)
Length	106	(1)
Pitch	107	(2)
Boundary Effects	109	(2)
Other Prosodic Features	111	(1)
Acoustic Analysis of Suprasegmentals	112	(2)
Background Reading	114	(1)
Exercises	114	(5)
II: ENGLISH PHONETICS
Phonetic and Phonological Description	119	(14)
The Difference Between Phonetics and Phonology	119	(1)
Phonological System and Structure	120	(3)
Clinical Phonology	123	(2)
The System and Structure of English	125	(6)
Background Reading	131	(1)
Exercises	131	(2)
Monophthongs of English	133	(28)
Introduction	133	(1)
The High Front Vowels	134	(11)
The Lower Back Vowels	145	(8)
The High Back Vowels	153	(5)
Transcription	158	(1)
Background Reading	159	(1)
Exercises	159	(2)
English Central Vowels and Diphthongs	161	(32)
Introduction	161	(1)
The Nonrhotic Central Vowels	162	(4)
The Rhotic Central Vowels, (GA)	166	(8)
The Mid-Closing Diphthongs	174	(6)
The Low-Closing Diphthongs	180	(3)
The Fronting-Closing Diphthong	183	(2)
The Centering Diphthongs (RP)	185	(5)
Background Reading	190	(1)
Exercises	191	(2)
English Plosives and Affricates	193	(22)
Introduction	193	(2)
The Bilabial Plosives	195	(4)
The Alveolar Plosives	199	(5)
The Velar Plosives	204	(4)
The Postalveolar Affricates	208	(4)
The Glottal Stop	212	(1)
Background Reading	212	(1)
Exercises	213	(2)
English Fricatives	215	(15)
Introduction	215	(1)
The Labiodental Fricatives	216	(2)
The Dental Fricatives	218	(3)
The Alveolar Fricatives	221	(2)
The Postalveolar Fricatives	223	(3)
The Glottal Fricative	226	(1)
Background Reading	227	(1)
Exercises	228	(2)
English Sonorant Consonants	230	(20)
Introduction	230	(1)
The Nasal Stops	230	(7)
The Liquid Approximants	237	(6)
The Semivowel Approximants	243	(5)
Background Reading	248	(1)
Exercises	248	(2)
Words and Connected Speech	250	(15)
Introduction	250	(1)
English Word Stress	250	(2)
Stress in Connected Speech	252	(3)
Assimilation	255	(3)
Elision and Liaison	258	(4)
Juncture	262	(1)
Background Reading	262	(1)
Exercises	263	(2)
Intonation of English	265	(13)
Introduction	265	(2)
Nuclear Tones and Postnuclear Patterns	267	(3)
Prenuclear Patterns	270	(3)
Intonation Tunes	273	(2)
Background Reading	275	(1)
Exercises	275	(3)
Varieties of English	278	(19)
Introduction	278	(1)
Ways in Which Accents Can Differ	279	(2)
National Varieties of English	281	(2)
Regional Differences in American English	283	(3)
Spanish-Influenced English	286	(1)
Phonological Problems of Learners of English	287	(5)
Background Reading	292	(1)
Exercises	292	(5)
III: DISORDERED SPEECH
Phonological and Phonetic Disorders	297	(11)
Introduction	297	(1)
The Terms Phonetics and Phonology in the Description of Disordered Speech	297	(2)
Broad and Narrow Transcription	299	(3)
Some Typical Phonetic-level Disorders	302	(2)
Some Typical Phonological-level Disorders	304	(1)
Disturbances to Prosody	305	(1)
Background Reading	306	(1)
Exercises	306	(2)
Transcribing Atypical and Disordered Speech	308	(11)
Aspects of Atypical and Disordered Speech	308	(1)
Atypical Places of Articulation	309	(3)
Atypical Manners of Articulation	312	(2)
Voicing	314	(1)
Resolving Uncertainty in Transcription	314	(1)
Connected Speech	315	(1)
Example	316	(1)
Background Reading	317	(1)
Exercises	317	(2)
Appendix 1	319	(4)
The International Phonetic Alphabet (Revised to 1993)	320	(1)
extIPA Symbols for Disordered Speech (Revised to 2002)	321	(1)
VoQS: Voice Quality Symbols	322	(1)
Appendix 2	323	(6)
Distinctive Features	323	(2)
Phonological Primes for English	325	(3)
Natural Phonological Processes	328	(1)
Answers to Transcription Exercises	329	(10)
Answers to Audio CD Transcription Exercises	339	(16)
References	355	(2)
Index	357