Phonetics For Communication Disorders

by Ball; Martin J.

• ISBN13: 9780805853643
• ISBN10: 0805853642
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2005-06-08
• Publisher: Psychology Pres

Summary

This comprehensive textbook offers a basic introduction to phonetics in an applied systematic presentation that equips the communication disorders student to deal with the wide range of speech types that will be encountered in a clinic. While the major discussion is articulatory, speech acoustics are also examined. Illustrations of sample spectrograms appear in tandem with the more traditional articulatory drawings. Two CDs of sound examples accompany the textbook. This comprehensive textbook offers a basic introduction to phonetics in an applied systematic presentation that equips the communication disorders student to deal with the wide range of speech types that will be encountered in a clinic. While the major discussion is articulatory, speech acoustics

Author Biography

Nicole Muller is Associate Professor in Communicative Disorders at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, and also holds a Hawthorne-BoRSF endowed chair.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
General Phonetics
Phonetic Description	p. 3
Introduction: The Speech Chain	p. 3
Basics of Acoustics	p. 4
Background Reading	p. 15
Exercises	p. 15
The Organs of Speech	p. 16
The Vocal Tract	p. 16
The Respiratory System	p. 18
The Laryngeal System	p. 19
The Supralaryngeal System	p. 21
Monitoring Speech	p. 22
Background Reading	p. 25
Exercises	p. 25
Initiation of an Airstream	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Aerodynamics of Airstream Initiation	p. 27
Pulmonic Airstreams	p. 29
Glottalic Airstreams	p. 33
Velaric Airstreams	p. 34
Esophageal and Other Airstreams	p. 35
Transcription	p. 36
Background Reading	p. 36
Exercises	p. 37
Phonation and Voice Quality	p. 38
Introduction	p. 38
Phonation	p. 38
Supralaryngeal Aspects of Voice Quality	p. 45
Background Reading	p. 48
Exercises	p. 48
The Description of Vowels	p. 50
Introduction	p. 50
Articulatory, Acoustic, and Perceptual Descriptions of Vowels	p. 51
Describing Vowels by Articulation	p. 52
Describing Vowels by Perception	p. 55
Describing Vowels by Acoustics	p. 59
Background Reading	p. 61
Exercises	p. 61
Articulation: Consonant Manner Types	p. 63
Introduction	p. 63
Stops: Plosives and Nasals	p. 64
Nasal Stops	p. 65
Fricatives and Affricates	p. 66
Approximants	p. 69
Trills and Taps	p. 71
Obstruents and Sonorants	p. 72
Background Reading	p. 72
Exercises	p. 73
Articulation: Consonant Place Types	p. 74
Introduction	p. 74
Labial	p. 75
Anterior Lingual	p. 77
Dorsal	p. 80
Posterior	p. 82
Articulatory Description of Consonants	p. 83
Acoustic Description of Consonants	p. 84
Background Reading	p. 88
Exercises	p. 89
More on Consonants	p. 91
Introduction	p. 91
Modifications to Oral Stops	p. 91
Multiple Articulations	p. 96
Acoustic Characteristics	p. 100
The IPA Chart	p. 101
Background Reading	p. 102
Exercises	p. 102
Suprasegmental Phonetics	p. 104
Introduction	p. 104
Stress	p. 104
Length	p. 106
Pitch	p. 107
Boundary Effects	p. 109
Other Prosodic Features	p. 111
Acoustic Analysis of Suprasegmentals	p. 112
Background Reading	p. 114
Exercises	p. 114
English Phonetics
Phonetic and Phonological Description	p. 119
The Difference Between Phonetics and Phonology	p. 119
Phonological System and Structure	p. 120
Clinical Phonology	p. 123
The System and Structure of English	p. 125
Background Reading	p. 131
Exercises	p. 131
Monophthongs of English	p. 133
Introduction	p. 133
The High Front Vowels	p. 134
The Lower Back Vowels	p. 145
The High Back Vowels	p. 153
Transcription	p. 158
Background Reading	p. 159
Exercises	p. 159
English Central Vowels and Diphthongs	p. 161
Introduction	p. 161
The Nonrhotic Central Vowels	p. 162
The Rhotic Central Vowels, (GA)	p. 166
The Mid-Closing Diphthongs	p. 174
The Low-Closing Diphthongs	p. 180
The Fronting-Closing Diphthong	p. 183
The Centering Diphthongs (RP)	p. 185
Background Reading	p. 190
Exercises	p. 191
English Plosives and Affricates	p. 193
Introduction	p. 193
The Bilabial Plosives	p. 195
The Alveolar Plosives	p. 199
The Velar Plosives	p. 204
The Postalveolar Affricates	p. 208
The Glottal Stop	p. 212
Background Reading	p. 212
Exercises	p. 213
English Fricatives	p. 215
Introduction	p. 215
The Labiodental Fricatives	p. 216
The Dental Fricatives	p. 218
The Alveolar Fricatives	p. 221
The Postalveolar Fricatives	p. 223
The Glottal Fricative	p. 226
Background Reading	p. 227
Exercises	p. 228
English Sonorant Consonants	p. 230
Introduction	p. 230
The Nasal Stops	p. 230
The Liquid Approximants	p. 237
The Semivowel Approximants	p. 243
Background Reading	p. 248
Exercises	p. 248
Words and Connected Speech	p. 250
Introduction	p. 250
English Word Stress	p. 250
Stress in Connected Speech	p. 252
Assimilation	p. 255
Elision and Liaison	p. 258
Juncture	p. 262
Background Reading	p. 262
Exercises	p. 263
Intonation of English	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Nuclear Tones and Postnuclear Patterns	p. 267
Prenuclear Patterns	p. 270
Intonation Tunes	p. 273
Background Reading	p. 275
Exercises	p. 275
Varieties of English	p. 278
Introduction	p. 278
Ways in Which Accents Can Differ	p. 279
National Varieties of English	p. 281
Regional Differences in American English	p. 283
Spanish-Influenced English	p. 286
Phonological Problems of Learners of English	p. 287
Background Reading	p. 292
Exercises	p. 292
Disordered Speech
Phonological and Phonetic Disorders	p. 297
Introduction	p. 297
The Terms Phonetics and Phonology in the Description of Disordered Speech	p. 297
Broad and Narrow Transcription	p. 299
Some Typical Phonetic-level Disorders	p. 302
Some Typical Phonological-level Disorders	p. 304
Disturbances to Prosody	p. 305
Background Reading	p. 306
Exercises	p. 306
Transcribing Atypical and Disordered Speech	p. 308
Aspects of Atypical and Disordered Speech	p. 308
Atypical Places of Articulation	p. 309
Atypical Manners of Articulation	p. 312
Voicing	p. 314
Resolving Uncertainty in Transcription	p. 314
Connected Speech	p. 315
Example	p. 316
Background Reading	p. 317
Exercises	p. 317
Appendix 1	p. 319
The International Phonetic Alphabet (Revised to 1993)	p. 320
extIPA Symbols for Disordered Speech (Revised to 2002)	p. 321
VoQS: Voice Quality Symbols	p. 322
Appendix 2	p. 323
Distinctive Features	p. 323
Phonological Primes for English	p. 325
Natural Phonological Processes	p. 328
Answers to Transcription Exercises	p. 329
Answers to Audio CD Transcription Exercises	p. 339
References	p. 355
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