The Phonetics and Phonology of Gutturals: A Case Study from Ju|'hoansi

by Miller-Ockhuizen; *

• ISBN13: 9780415967938
• ISBN10: 0415967937
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-08-19
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

This book is the first detailed investigation and description of phonotactic sound patterns affecting Khoesan click consonant inventories. It also includes the first quantitative study of phonation types in Khoesan languages, and the first study of phonation types associated with pharyngeal consonants all around. Although bases of OCP constraints have been presumed to be perceptual, this is the first quantitative study showing the acoustic basis of a particular OCP constraint in a specific language. Amanda L. Miller-Ockhuizen describes the phonetics and phonology of gutturals in the Khoesan language of Ju 'hoansi. Hers is the first study of voice quality cues associated with epiglottalized vowels. Thus, it is the first study to show that laryngeal and pharyngeal vowels are unified phonetically by non-modal voice qualities associated with them. It is also the first study to show that in addition to laryngeal coarticulation, whereby voice quality cues associated with laryngeal consonants are spread to afollowing vowel, pharyngeal coarticulation also involves spreading of voice quality cues. Thus, guttural consonants are united in that they all spread voice quality cues onto a following vowel. Voice quality cues found on vowels following guttural consonants are as large as similar cues associated with guttural vowels. This acoustic similarity is shown to be the basis of a novel Guttural OCP constraint found in the language, which is demonstrated to exist via co-occurrence patterns found over a recorded database of all of the known roots. Thus, this is the first book to provide a detailed perceptual basis of an OCP constraint. The database study also reports several other novel phonotactic constraints involving gutturals, as well as a reanalysis of the well-known Back Vowel Constraint. This book describes both phonetics and phonology of the natural class of guttural consonants, and shows through a quantitative acoustic investigation how the phonetic cues associated with these sounds are the bases ofphonotactic constraints involving them.

Table of Contents

List of Appendices	xi
List of Figures	xiii
List of Tables	xvii
Acknowledgements	xix
Preface	xxiii
Part I: Phonetics and Phonology of Ju|'hoansi Gutturals	3	(162)
Chapter 1: Introduction	5	(6)
Chapter 2: The Phonetics of Ju|'hoansi Guttural Consonants and Vowels	11	(92)
2.0. Introduction	11	(1)
2.1. Root Shape Inventory	12	(1)
2.2. Tone Inventory	13	(1)
2.3. Consonant Inventory	14	(51)
2.3.1. The Obstruent Inventory	15	(7)
2.3.2. Some Phonetic Properties of Ju|'hoansi Click Consonants	22	(12)
2.3.2.1. Click Modulation	22	(7)
2.3.2.2. Click Type Differences	29	(5)
2.3.3. Phonetic Properties of Guttural vs. Non-guttural Clicks	34	(26)
2.3.3.1. Closure Properties of Non-guttural Clicks	34	(7)
2.3.3.2. Release Properties of Guttural Clicks	41	(19)
2.3.4. Phonetic Properties of Sonorant Consonants	60	(5)
2.4. The Vowel Inventory	65	(18)
2.5. Parallels between Guttural Consonants and Vowels	83	(19)
2.6. Conclusion	102	(1)
Chapter 3: Ju|'hoansi Phonotactics	103	(62)
3.0. Introduction	103	(1)
3.1. Recorded Database	104	(3)
3.2. Word Minimality and Maximality	107	(8)
3.2.1. Word Minimality	107	(4)
3.2.2. Word Maximality	111	(3)
3.2.3. Constraints on Word Size	114	(1)
3.2.4. Conclusion	114	(1)
3.3. Guttural Feature Specification	115	(7)
3.4. Positional Specification	122	(17)
3.4.1. Positional Specification of Manner Features	123	(11)
3.4.1.1. Frequency of Initial Clicks Based on Perceptual Salience	129	(5)
3.4.2. Positional Specification of Gutturals	134	(5)
3.4.3. Conclusion	139	(1)
3.5. Co-occurrence Restrictions	139	(21)
3.5.1. Laryngeal Co-occurrence Restrictions	140	(5)
3.5.2. Tone and Guttural Co-occurrence Restrictions	145	(8)
3.5.2.1. Description of Root Tonal Patterns	145
3.5.2.2. Tone and Guttural V Co-occurrence Restrictions	141	(8)
3.5.2.3. Tone and Guttural C Co-occurrence Restrictions	149	(4)
3.5.3. [pharyngeal] and Other Place Co-occurrence Restrictions	153	(6)
3.5.4. [pharyngeal] and Vowel Height Co-occurrence Restrictions	159	(1)
3.6. Functional Unity of Constraints	160	(4)
3.7. Conclusion	164	(1)
Part II: A Quantitative Acoustic Case Study: Auditory Grounding of the Guttural OCP	165	(76)
Chapter 4: Methods for Acoustic Case Study	167	(18)
4.0. Introduction	167	(1)
4.1. Materials for Acoustic Case Study	167	(2)
4.2. Data Collection and Preparation	169	(3)
4.2.1. Labeling	170	(1)
4.2.2. Pitch Period Determination	171	(1)
4.3. Acoustic Measures of Periodicity	172	(13)
4.3.1. Spectral Slope (H1-H2)	173	(5)
4.3.2. Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio	178	(5)
4.3.3. Jitter	183	(2)
Chapter 5: Guttural Vowels and Guttural Coarticulation	185	(50)
5.0. Introduction	185	(2)
5.1. Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio	187	(18)
5.1.1. Guttural Coarticulation	187	(5)
5.1.2. Guttural Vowels	192	(6)
5.1.3. Parallels between Guttural Consonants and Vowels	198	(7)
5.1.4. Conclusion	205	(1)
5.2. Spectral Slope	205	(20)
5.2.1. Guttural Coarticulation	206	(6)
5.2.2. Guttural Vowels	212	(6)
5.2.3. Parallels between Guttural Consonants and Vowels	218	(6)
5.2.4. Conclusion	224	(1)
5.3. Jitter (PPQ)	225	(7)
5.4. Conclusion	232	(3)
Chapter 6: Conclusion	235	(6)
Index	241	(6)
References	247