Phonetics The Science of Speech

by Ball, Martin J.; Rahilly, Joan

• ISBN13: 9780340700105
• ISBN10: 0340700106
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-03-16
• Publisher: Hodder Education Publishers

Summary

This comprehensive introductory textbook is designed primarily for students of linguistics who are encountering phonetics for the first time. The book guides the reader through the main sub-areas of phonetic science which constitute the "speech chain", charting the progress of speech from speaker to listener.

Author Biography

Joan Rahilly is Lecturer in English Language and Linguistics in the School of English at the Queen's University Belfast.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(3)
The anatomy and physiology of speech	4	(14)
Introduction	4	(1)
The vocal tract	5	(1)
The respiratory system	6	(2)
The laryngeal system	8	(3)
The supralaryngeal system	11	(2)
Monitoring speech	13	(5)
Initiation of speech	18	(22)
Introduction	18	(1)
Airstream mechanisms	19	(10)
Phonation	29	(11)
Speech articulation	40	(22)
Introduction	40	(1)
Consonant and vowel	41	(3)
State of the velum	44	(1)
Direction of airflow	45	(1)
Force of articulation	46	(1)
Prolongability	47	(1)
Manner of articulation	48	(5)
Place of articulation	53	(6)
Three-term labels	59	(3)
Segments of speech: obstruent consonants	62	(23)
Introduction	62	(1)
Stop production	62	(12)
Fricatives	74	(6)
Ejectives	80	(1)
Implosives	80	(2)
Clicks	82	(3)
Segments of speech: sonorant cosonants and vowels	85	(18)
Introduction	85	(1)
Nasals	85	(2)
Approximants	87	(4)
Vowels	91	(12)
Suprasegments of speech	103	(20)
Introduction	103	(1)
The importance of prosodic aspects of speech	104	(1)
Stress	105	(2)
Length	107	(2)
Syllable juncture	109	(1)
Pitch	110	(3)
Intonation	113	(3)
Voice quality	116	(3)
Rhythm	119	(4)
Multiple articulations, co-articulation and the parameters of speech	123	(16)
Introduction	123	(1)
Double articulations	123	(2)
Secondary articulations	125	(3)
Co-articulation	128	(5)
Parametric phonetics	133	(6)
Principles and methods of phonetic transcription	139	(15)
Introduction	139	(1)
A note on phonetic ability	139	(1)
The role of auditory transcription in phonetics	140	(1)
Terminology relating to transcription	140	(1)
Phonemic and phonetic transcription	141	(2)
Learning transcriptional skills: the contribution of auditory and articulatory phonetics and phonology	143	(2)
The phoneme and phonemic analysis	145	(2)
Do we store sounds as phonemes or allophones?	147	(1)
What do we need to transcribe?	148	(1)
Materials for learning phonetic transcription	148	(6)
Acoustic characteristics of speech	154	(24)
Introduction	154	(1)
The acoustics of speech transmission	155	(4)
Frequency and pitch	159	(1)
Amplitude, intensity and loudness	160	(1)
Resonance	160	(2)
Basic methods in acoustic analysis	162	(1)
Measuring frequency	162	(2)
Detailed spectrographic properties of speech sounds	164	(6)
Measuring pitch	170	(3)
Acoustic aspects of connected speech	173	(5)
The perception of speech	178	(13)
Introduction	178	(1)
How listeners hear speech	179	(1)
The peripheral auditory system	179	(3)
The internal auditory system	182	(1)
Hearing impairment	183	(3)
Models of speech perception	186	(5)
Perceptual phonetics	191	(10)
Introduction	191	(1)
Methods of psychoacoustic investigation	191	(3)
Experimental procedures in psychoacoustics	194	(2)
Acoustic cues in speech perception	196	(3)
Conclusion	199	(2)
Instrumental phonetics	201	(24)
Introduction	201	(1)
Muscle control for speech	202	(1)
Airflow in speech	203	(1)
Phonation	204	(7)
Velic action	211	(2)
Articulation	213	(3)
Tracking	216	(2)
Imaging	218	(5)
Conclusion	223	(2)
Appendix 1: Phonetics charts	225	(1)
Appendix 2: Languages cited in the text	226	(7)
References	233	(4)
Index	237