Photoemission Studies of High-Temperature Superconductors

by David W. Lynch , Clifford G. Olson

• ISBN13: 9780521551892
• ISBN10: 0521551897
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-05-28
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

This book describes the current status of photoelectron spectroscopic techniques, both theoretical and experimental, that have been applied to the study of the cuprate ('high-temperature') superconductors, together with the results derived from such measurements. The techniques described include angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of valence electrons, core level spectra (XPS), and some special variations, such as resonance photoemission. Attention is paid to the difficulties in interpretation of such spectra and to the problems in obtaining good sample surfaces and high resolution. Some comparison with results from other experimental techniques is made. The authors also outline expected future developments in the techniques. This book will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in physics, chemistry and materials science with an interest in high temperature superconductors.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Introduction	1	(8)
Structure and electronic structure of cuprates	9	(38)
Crystal structures	11	(5)
Electronic structures	16	(16)
Surface states	32	(2)
Cluster models	34	(3)
Localized models for electronic structure	37	(4)
Doping	41	(3)
Stripe phases	44	(3)
Photoemission--Theory	47	(72)
Introduction	47	(3)
The three-step model	50	(17)
Escape	50	(1)
Transport and inelastic scattering	51	(5)
Photoexcitation	56	(7)
Assembling the steps	63	(1)
Other types of spectra	64	(3)
Angle-resolved photoemission	67	(3)
An example	70	(8)
Photoelectron and photohole lifetimes	78	(6)
Core-level spectra	84	(3)
The one-step model	87	(4)
Many-body treatment	91	(5)
Sudden vs. adiabatic limits	96	(2)
Inverse photoemission	98	(3)
Additional aspects of photoemission	101	(6)
Cooper minimum	102	(1)
Resonance photoemission	102	(5)
Core-level satellites	107	(4)
Gap states	111	(1)
Other spectroscopies	111	(8)
Photoemission--Experimental	119	(42)
Radiation sources	119	(9)
Monochromators	128	(6)
Other optical elements	134	(1)
Electron energy analyzers	135	(12)
Inverse photoemission	147	(2)
Background subtraction	149	(3)
Sample preparation	152	(7)
Potential improvements	159	(2)
Examples	161	(52)
Introduction	161	(1)
Sodium	162	(3)
Copper	165	(17)
Nickel	182	(7)
Nickel oxide	189	(14)
Cuprous oxide	203	(3)
Cupric oxide	206	(6)
Summary	212	(1)
Early photoelectron studies of cuprates	213	(30)
Introduction	213	(7)
Bi2212	220	(12)
Y123	232	(4)
R2-xCex CuO4	236	(3)
Other cuprates	239	(2)
Summary	241	(2)
Bi2212 and other Bi-cuprates	243	(68)
Bi2212 above Tc	244	(18)
Valence bands	244	(16)
Core levels	260	(2)
Bi2212 below Tc	262	(23)
Doping studies	285	(20)
Other Bi-cuprates	305	(3)
Summary	308	(3)
Y123 and related compounds	311	(30)
Introduction	311	(1)
Ba 4d spectra	312	(2)
Valence bands and Fermi surface	314	(18)
Effects of stoichiometry	332	(4)
Core-level spectra	336	(1)
Related cuprates	337	(2)
Summary	339	(2)
NCCO and other cuprates	341	(16)
NCCO	341	(9)
Other cuprates	350	(7)
Surface chemistry	357	(18)
Oxygen removal and replacement, water adsorption	358	(2)
Metal overlayers on cuprates	360	(15)
Metals on CuO	361	(3)
Metals on Bi2212 and related cuprates	364	(9)
Metals on Y123 and related cuprates	373	(1)
Metals on other cuprates	373	(2)
New techniques in photoelectron spectroscopy	375	(12)
Photoelectron microscopy	375	(5)
Angle-resolved resonance photoemission	380	(1)
Two-photon photoemission and related techniques	381	(1)
Coincidence techniques	382	(2)
Spin-resolved photoemission	384	(3)
Results from selected other techniques	387	(18)
Infrared spectroscopy	387	(2)
Raman spectroscopy	389	(5)
Tunneling spectroscopy	394	(3)
de Haas--van Alphen measurements	397	(1)
Angular correlation of positron--electron annihilation gamma rays	398	(1)
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy, soft x-ray absorption, and soft x-ray emission	399	(6)
References	405	(24)
Index	429