Physical Change and Aging

by Saxon, Sue V.

• ISBN13: 9780826104410
• ISBN10: 082610441X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-11-09
• Publisher: Springer Pub Co

Summary

This book serves as an authoritative textbook and guide to the physical changes and common pathologies associated with the aging process, with special emphasis on the psychological and social implications of these changes in the lives of older adults. This fifth edition presents the newly available research findings that differentiate "normal" aging from actual pathology.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Perspectives on Aging	p. 1
Basic Concepts in Physical Aging	p. 2
Patterns of Disease	p. 4
Theories of Aging	p. 9
Stochastic Theories	p. 9
Nonstochastic Theories	p. 11
Psychosocial Theories of Aging	p. 13
The Skin, Hair, and Nails	p. 21
Psychosocial Implications	p. 21
Components of the Skin	p. 23
Functions of the Skin	p. 24
The Hair	p. 25
The Nails	p. 25
Age-Related Changes in the Skin	p. 25
Age-Related Changes in the Hair	p. 28
Age-Related Changes in the Nails	p. 28
Age-Related Disorders of the Skin	p. 29
Prevention of Skin Cancer	p. 37
Tips for Maintaining Health Skin	p. 38
The Musculoskeletal System	p. 41
The Skeletal System	p. 41
Age-Related Changes in the Skeletal System	p. 44
Age-Related Skeletal System Disorders	p. 45
The Muscles	p. 56
Specific Age-Related Disorders in Muscles	p. 60
The Nervous System	p. 65
The Central Nervous System	p. 68
The Peripheral Nervous System	p. 73
Age-Related Changes in the Nervous System	p. 74
Age-Related Nervous System Disorders	p. 78
Learning and Memory	p. 85
Dementia and Delirium	p. 89
Delirium	p. 89
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)	p. 91
Dementia	p. 92
Primary Dementias	p. 93
Secondary Dementias	p. 102
The Sensory Systems	p. 107
Vision	p. 109
Age-Related Changes in Vision	p. 111
Age-Related Disorders of the Visual System	p. 116
Audition (Hearing)	p. 119
Age-Related Changes in Hearing	p. 122
Age-Related Disorders of Hearing	p. 126
Vestibular System	p. 127
Age-Related Changes in the Vestibular System	p. 128
Age-Related Disorders of the Vestibular System	p. 128
Taste (Gustation)	p. 130
Age-Related Changes in Taste	p. 130
Smell (Olfaction)	p. 131
Age-Related Changes in Smell	p. 131
Age-Related Disorders in Taste and Smell	p. 132
Skin (Cutaneous) Senses	p. 132
Age-Related Changes in the Skin Senses	p. 132
The Importance of Sensory Changes in Aging	p. 133
The Cardiovascular System	p. 135
Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System	p. 136
Age-Related Cardiovascular Changes	p. 142
Age-Related Disorders of the Cardiovascular System	p. 145
Vascular Disorders	p. 159
The Respiratory System	p. 163
The Structure of the Respiratory System	p. 163
Functions of the Respiratory System	p. 166
Age-Related Changes in the Respiratory System	p. 167
Age-Related Disorders of the Respiratory System	p. 170
Prevention of Respiratory Disease	p. 174
The Gastrointestinal System	p. 177
Components and Functions of the Gastrointestinal System	p. 178
Age-Related Changes in the Gastrointestinal System	p. 183
Age-Related Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System	p. 185
The Urinary System	p. 201
Structure of the Kidneys	p. 202
Functions of the Urinary System	p. 204
Age-Related Changes in die Urinary System	p. 206
Age-Related Disorders of the Urinary System	p. 208
The Reproductive System	p. 221
Components and Functions of the Female Reproductive System	p. 221
Age-Related Changes in the Female Reproductive System	p. 222
Age-Related Disorders of the Female Reproductive System	p. 225
Components and Functions of the Male Reproductive System	p. 228
Age-Related Changes in the Male Reproductive System	p. 230
Age-Related Disorders of the Male Reproductive System	p. 230
Sexuality	p. 231
The Endocrine System	p. 237
Structure of the Endocrine System	p. 238
Age-Related Changes and Disorders of the Endocrine System	p. 242
The Immune System	p. 255
Structure of the Immune System	p. 255
Age-Related Changes in the Immune System	p. 258
Age-Related Disorders of the Immune System	p. 259
Aging with Lifelong Disabilities	p. 263
Congenital Versus Acquired Disability	p. 264
The Complexity of Aging with Disabilities	p. 265
Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities	p. 267
Special Topics	p. 283
Alcoholism	p. 283
Aging Changes and Alcohol	p. 285
Falls	p. 286
Foot Care	p. 290
Pain	p. 293
Health Promotion and Exercise	p. 301
Health Promotion	p. 302
Disease Prevention	p. 302
Strategies for Change	p. 306
Barriers to Health Promotion	p. 307
Exercise	p. 307
Age-Related Changes Modified by Exercise	p. 308
Exercise Programs	p. 310
General Recommendations for Exercise Programs for Older Adults	p. 312
Complementary and Alternative Therapies	p. 317
History	p. 318
Some Complementary and Alternative Therapies	p. 321
Nutrition	p. 331
Psychosocial and Cultural Aspects of Nutrition	p. 333
Physiological Aspects of Nutrition	p. 335
Water and Body Fluids	p. 336
Protein	p. 337
Carbohydrates and Fiber	p. 338
Fats	p. 339
Vitamins and Minerals (Micronutrients)	p. 340
Water Soluble Vitamins	p. 341
Fat Soluble Vitamins	p. 343
Minerals	p. 345
Malnutrition	p. 349
Undernutrition	p. 349
Overnutrition	p. 351
Failure to Thrive	p. 351
Food Labels	p. 352
Older Adults and Institutional Diets	p. 353
Basic Food Groups	p. 354
The Food Guide Pyramid	p. 355
Nutritional Recommendations for Older Adults	p. 357
Education	p. 358
Supplemental Nutrition	p. 359
Community-Based Nutrition Programs for Older Adults	p. 360
Medications and the Elderly	p. 365
Cultural Responses to Drugs	p. 367
Older Adults' Responses to Drugs	p. 367
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs	p. 370
Generic Drugs	p. 371
Adverse Drug Reactions	p. 372
Drug Therapy	p. 378
Commonly Prescribed Drugs	p. 379
Attitudes Toward "Pill Popping"	p. 395
Prevention of Drug Accidents	p. 395
Teaching Older Adults	p. 399
Factors Influencing Learning in Older Adults and Useful Approaches for Enhancing Learning	p. 400
Summary of Teaching Approaches	p. 409
Caregiving	p. 413
What Do Caregivers Do?	p. 414
Who Becomes a Caregiver?	p. 414
Caregiving Diversity	p. 415
Influence of Caregiving on Physical, Psychological, Social, and Financial Well-Being	p. 415
Benefits of Caregiving	p. 417
How Health Care Professionals Can Support Caregivers	p. 418
Death and Grief in the Later Years	p. 421
Dying and Death	p. 423
Hospice Care	p. 430
Palliative Care	p. 432
Therapeutic Approaches with Dying Persons and Significant Others	p. 433
Bereavement, Grief, and Mourning	p. 434
Death and Loss in the Later Years	p. 440
Physician-Assisted Suicide	p. 446
Advanced Directives	p. 447
Therapeutic Approaches with the Bereaved	p. 451
Practical Hints for the Safety of Older Adults	p. 457
Resources	p. 461
Glossary	p. 463
Index	p. 473
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