Physiology of Salt stress in Plants Perception, Signalling, Omics and Tolerance Mechanism

by Singh, Pratibha; Singh, Madhulika; Singh, Rajiv Kumar; Prasad, Sheo Mohan

• ISBN13: 9781119700470
• ISBN10: 1119700477
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2021-10-11
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

PHYSIOLOGY OF SALT STRESS IN PLANTS

Discover how soil salinity affects plants and other organisms and the techniques used to remedy the issue

In Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants, an editorial team of internationally renowned researchers delivers an extensive exploration of the problem of soil salinity in modern agricultural practices. It also discusses the social and environmental issues caused by salt stress. The book covers the impact of salt on soil microorganisms, crops, and other plants, and presents that information alongside examinations of salt’s effects on other organisms, including aquatic fauna, terrestrial animals, and human beings.

Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants describes the morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical dimensions of increasing soil salinity. It also discusses potential remedies and encourages further thought and exploration of this issue. Readers are encouraged to consider less hazardous fertilizers and pesticides, to use safer doses, and to explore and work upon salt resistant varieties of plants.

Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of:

• Thorough introductions to salt stress perception and toxicity levels and the effects of salt stress on the physiology of crop plants at a cellular level
• Explorations of the effects of salt stress on the biochemistry of crop plants and salt ion transporters in crop plants at a cellular level
• Practical discussions of salt ion and nutrient interactions in crop plants, including prospective signalling, and the effects of salt stress on the morphology, anatomy, and gene expression of crop plants
• An examination of salt stress on soil chemistry and the plant-atmosphere continuum

Perfect for researchers, academics, and students working and studying in the fields of agriculture, botany, entomology, biotechnology, soil science, and plant physiology, Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants will also earn a place on the bookshelves of agronomists, crop scientists, and plant biochemists.

Author Biography

Pratibha Singh, Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Madhulika Singh, Centre of Advanced Studies in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Rajiv Kumar Singh, Horticultural Scientist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sohaon, Ballia, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Sheo Mohan Prasad, Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Table of Contents

1. An introduction to salt stress perception and toxicity level -Worldwide report at a glance 

Atun Roy Choudhury, Neha Singh, Ayushi Gupta and P Sankar Ganesh 

1.1 Soil Salinity: An Introduction  

1.2 Salt stress perception and current scenario  

1.3 Types of salt stress  

1.4 Origin of problem 

1.5 Salt toxicity level: A worldwide report  

1.6 Effect of salt stress on flora and fauna of the ecosystem 

1.7 Role in sustainable agriculture  

1.8 Unintended effects of salt-containing substance application in agricultural land 

1.9 Role of salt toxicity in operation of green revolution  

1.10 Reaching the current status and conclusion 

References 

 

2. Effects of salt stress on physiology of crop plants: At cellular level 

Vivekanand Tiwari, Abhay Kumar  and Pratibha Singh 

2.1 Soil salinity and plants 

2.2 Crop loss due to salt toxicity- An estimation worldwide 

2.3 Effect of salt stress on target and non-target plants and microorganisms 

2.4 Effect of salt stress on physiology of crop plants  

2.5 Halophytes and their physiology 

2.6 Halophytes in agriculture and land management  

2.7 Conclusion and future perspectives 

References 

 

3. Effects of salt stress on biochemistry of crop plants  

Poonam Yadav and Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal 

3.1 Introduction  

3.2 Effects of salt stress on lipid metabolism 

3.3 Effects of salt stress on amino acid synthesis and nitrogen metabolism 

3.4 Effects of salt stress on protein biosynthesis 

3.5 Effect of salt stress on oxidation of membrane proteins 

3.6 Effect of salt stress on nucleic acid formation 

3.7 Binding to DNA and RNA and formation of cross-links  

3.8 Effect of salt stress on dephosphorylation of RNA and DNA 

3.9 Future advances and conclusion 

References 

 

4. Salt ion transporter in crop plant at cellular level 

Ria Khare, Gurpreet Sandhu, Aruba Khan, Prateek Jain 

4.1 Introduction  

4.2 Absorption of Na+ from soil and its compartmentalization in plant cells 

4.3 Salt ions regulation in plants cells and tissues 

4.4 Role of ion channels and salt ion transporter in crop plants at cellular level 

4.5 Transport of Na+ through SOS signal transduction pathway: At cellular level 

4.6 Role of salt tolerance responsive genes in transport of Na+ and Cl- ions: At cellular level 

4.7 Role of ions in salt stress tolerance  

4.8 Reaching the current status and conclusion 

References 

 

5 Salt ion and nutrient interactions in crop plants: Prospective signalling 

Ria Khare and Prateek Jain 

5.1 Introduction  

5.2 Effects of salt stress on nutrient absorption 

5.3 Effects of salt stress on nutrient cycling in crop plants 

5.4 Salt ion and nutrient interactions in crop plants 

5.5 Effect of salt stress on nutrient transporters 

5.6 Role of nutrient interactions: Prospective signalling 

5.7 Future prospective and conclusion 

References

 

6. Effects of salt stress on the morphology, anatomy and gene expression of crop plants  

Pragati Kumari, Arvind Gupta, Harish Chandra, Pratibha Singh and Saurabh Yadav 

6.1 Introduction  

6.2 Salt stress and effects on morphology of plants 

6.3 Photosynthetic pigments and osmolytes accumulation 

6.4 Effect of saline stress on floral organs 

6.5 Anatomical features and salt stress 

6.6 Yield and related traits  

6.7 Salt stress and its effects on Gene expression 

6.8 Conclusion 

References 

 

7 Effect of salt stress on soil chemistry and plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) 

Gunjan Goyal, Aruna Yadav and Gunjan Dubey 

7.1 Introduction  

7.2 Effect of salt stress on soil component 

7.3 Soil chemistry affecting factors in agricultural land  

7.4 Soil salinity effect on crop plants 

7.5 An introduction to Soil plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) 

7.6 Salt absorption by roots tissues and their effect on plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) 

7.7 Translocation of salt ions in the vascular system of crop plants 

7.8 Current status and conclusion 

References 

 

8   Effects of salt stress on nutrient cycle and uptake of crop plants 

Lav Kumar Jaiswal, Prabhakar Singh, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Tanamyee Nayak, Ankush Gupta 

8.1 Introduction  

8.2 Limitation of nutrient cycle and uptake of nutrients 

8.3 Nutrient cycle or Biogeochemical cycle 

8.4 Effect of salt stress on carbon cycle 

8.5 Effect of salt stress on oxygen and water cycle 

8.6 Effect of salt stress on nitrogen fixing bacteria and biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen  

8.7 Effect of salt stress on phosphorus bacteria and biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus  

8.8 Effect of salt stress on sulphur bacteria and biogeochemical cycle of sulphur 

8.9 Future prospective and conclusion 

References 

 

9 Salt induced effects on crop plants and counteract mitigating strategy by antioxidants system 

Indrajeet Kumar, Umesh Kumar, Prince Kumar Singh, Rajesh Kumar Sharma 

9.1 Introduction  

9.2 Formation of salt induced indirect products (oxidative biomarkers) in crops 

9.3 Effect of salt stress on crop plants 

9.4 Consequences effect of oxidative biomarkers in crop plants 

9.5 Generation of self-defence mitigating strategy in crop plants 

9.6 Conclusion and Future prospective 

References 

 

10 Effects of salt stress on osmolyte metabolism of crop plants and mitigating strategy by osmolyte 

Abreeq Fatima, Garima Singh, Anuradha Patel, Sanjesh Tiwari, Divya Gupta, Anurag Dubey, Dilip Kumar Prajapati and 

Sheo Mohan Prasad 

10.1 Introduction  

10.2 Groups and biosynthetic pathways of osmolytes in crop plant 

10.3 Effect of salt stress on osmolyte production and work action 

10.4 The osmotic and ionic adjustment under salt stress; tolerance mechanism     

10.5 Conclusion  

References 

 

11 Salt stress toxicity amelioration by phytohormone, synthetic products and nutrient

amendment practices 

Divya Gupta, Garima Singh, Sanjesh Tiwari, Anuradha Patel, Abreeq Fatima Anurag Dudey, Neha Naaz, Jitendra Pandey and Sheo Mohan Prasad 

11.1 Introduction  

11.2 Structure and mechanism of action of phytohormones under salt stress 

11.3 Structural, physiological and biochemical nature of phytohormones under salt stress 

11.4 Salt stress toxicity amelioration by exogenous / endogenous phytohormones 

11.5 Salt toxicity amelioration by exogenous synthetic products             

11.6 Salt toxicity amelioration by exogenous nutrient amendment practices 

11.7 Future prospective and conclusion 

References 

 

12 Crop plants develop extracellular signalling products against salt stress 

Santwana Tiwari, Nidhi Verma, Shikha Singh, Shivam Gupta, Jitendra Pandey and Sheo Mohan Prasad 

12.1 Introduction  

12.2 Site of synthesis of extracellular signaling products   

12.3 Release of extracellular products by cells of cyanobacteria, algae and crop plant   under salt stress: antioxidants,

enzymes and proteins  

12.4 Release of extracellular products by cells of cyanobacteria, algae and crop plants   under salt stress: amino

acids, osmolytes, nitrogen, nitric oxide, ammonia 

12.5 Release of extracellular products by cells of cyanobacteria and crop plants under salt stress: phytols,

sterols, terpenoid, fatty acids, phenols 

12.6 Release of extracellular products by cells of cyanobacteria and crop plants under salt

stress: Photoprotective compounds, polysaccharides, halogenated compounds and phytohormones      

12.7 Uncovering potential and applications of extracellular signaling products in biology, agriculture and medicine  

12.8 Current status and future prospects 

References 

1. An introduction to salt stress perception and toxicity level -Worldwide report at a glance 

Atun Roy Choudhury, Neha Singh, Ayushi Gupta and P Sankar Ganesh 

1.1 Soil Salinity: An Introduction  

1.2 Salt stress perception and current scenario  

1.3 Types of salt stress  

1.4 Origin of problem 

1.5 Salt toxicity level: A worldwide report  

1.6 Effect of salt stress on flora and fauna of the ecosystem 

1.7 Role in sustainable agriculture  

1.8 Unintended effects of salt-containing substance application in agricultural land 

1.9 Role of salt toxicity in operation of green revolution  

1.10 Reaching the current status and conclusion 

References 

 

2. Effects of salt stress on physiology of crop plants: At cellular level 

Vivekanand Tiwari, Abhay Kumar  and Pratibha Singh 

2.1 Soil salinity and plants 

2.2 Crop loss due to salt toxicity- An estimation worldwide 

2.3 Effect of salt stress on target and non-target plants and microorganisms 

2.4 Effect of salt stress on physiology of crop plants  

2.5 Halophytes and their physiology 

2.6 Halophytes in agriculture and land management  

2.7 Conclusion and future perspectives 

References 

 

3. Effects of salt stress on biochemistry of crop plants  

Poonam Yadav and Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal 

3.1 Introduction  

3.2 Effects of salt stress on lipid metabolism 

3.3 Effects of salt stress on amino acid synthesis and nitrogen metabolism 

3.4 Effects of salt stress on protein biosynthesis 

3.5 Effect of salt stress on oxidation of membrane proteins 

3.6 Effect of salt stress on nucleic acid formation 

3.7 Binding to DNA and RNA and formation of cross-links  

3.8 Effect of salt stress on dephosphorylation of RNA and DNA 

3.9 Future advances and conclusion 

References 

 

4. Salt ion transporter in crop plant at cellular level 

Ria Khare, Gurpreet Sandhu, Aruba Khan, Prateek Jain 

4.1 Introduction  

4.2 Absorption of Na+ from soil and its compartmentalization in plant cells 

4.3 Salt ions regulation in plants cells and tissues 

4.4 Role of ion channels and salt ion transporter in crop plants at cellular level 

4.5 Transport of Na+ through SOS signal transduction pathway: At cellular level 

4.6 Role of salt tolerance responsive genes in transport of Na+ and Cl- ions: At cellular level 

4.7 Role of ions in salt stress tolerance  

4.8 Reaching the current status and conclusion 

References 

 

5 Salt ion and nutrient interactions in crop plants: Prospective signalling 

Ria Khare and Prateek Jain 

5.1 Introduction  

5.2 Effects of salt stress on nutrient absorption 

5.3 Effects of salt stress on nutrient cycling in crop plants 

5.4 Salt ion and nutrient interactions in crop plants 

5.5 Effect of salt stress on nutrient transporters 

5.6 Role of nutrient interactions: Prospective signalling 

5.7 Future prospective and conclusion 

References

 

6. Effects of salt stress on the morphology, anatomy and gene expression of crop plants  

Pragati Kumari, Arvind Gupta, Harish Chandra, Pratibha Singh and Saurabh Yadav 

6.1 Introduction  

6.2 Salt stress and effects on morphology of plants 

6.3 Photosynthetic pigments and osmolytes accumulation 

6.4 Effect of saline stress on floral organs 

6.5 Anatomical features and salt stress 

6.6 Yield and related traits  

6.7 Salt stress and its effects on Gene expression 

6.8 Conclusion 

References 

 

7 Effect of salt stress on soil chemistry and plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) 

Gunjan Goyal, Aruna Yadav and Gunjan Dubey 

7.1 Introduction  

7.2 Effect of salt stress on soil component 

7.3 Soil chemistry affecting factors in agricultural land  

7.4 Soil salinity effect on crop plants 

7.5 An introduction to Soil plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) 

7.6 Salt absorption by roots tissues and their effect on plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) 

7.7 Translocation of salt ions in the vascular system of crop plants 

7.8 Current status and conclusion 

References 

 

8   Effects of salt stress on nutrient cycle and uptake of crop plants 

Lav Kumar Jaiswal, Prabhakar Singh, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Tanamyee Nayak, Ankush Gupta 

8.1 Introduction  

8.2 Limitation of nutrient cycle and uptake of nutrients 

8.3 Nutrient cycle or Biogeochemical cycle 

8.4 Effect of salt stress on carbon cycle 

8.5 Effect of salt stress on oxygen and water cycle 

8.6 Effect of salt stress on nitrogen fixing bacteria and biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen  

8.7 Effect of salt stress on phosphorus bacteria and biogeochemical cycle of phosphorus  

8.8 Effect of salt stress on sulphur bacteria and biogeochemical cycle of sulphur 

8.9 Future prospective and conclusion 

References 

 

9 Salt induced effects on crop plants and counteract mitigating strategy by antioxidants system 

Indrajeet Kumar, Umesh Kumar, Prince Kumar Singh, Rajesh Kumar Sharma 

9.1 Introduction  

9.2 Formation of salt induced indirect products (oxidative biomarkers) in crops 

9.3 Effect of salt stress on crop plants 

9.4 Consequences effect of oxidative biomarkers in crop plants 

9.5 Generation of self-defence mitigating strategy in crop plants 

9.6 Conclusion and Future prospective 

References 

 

10 Effects of salt stress on osmolyte metabolism of crop plants and mitigating strategy by osmolyte 

Abreeq Fatima, Garima Singh, Anuradha Patel, Sanjesh Tiwari, Divya Gupta, Anurag Dubey, Dilip Kumar Prajapati and 

Sheo Mohan Prasad 

10.1 Introduction  

10.2 Groups and biosynthetic pathways of osmolytes in crop plant 

10.3 Effect of salt stress on osmolyte production and work action 

10.4 The osmotic and ionic adjustment under salt stress; tolerance mechanism     

10.5 Conclusion  

References 

 

11 Salt stress toxicity amelioration by phytohormone, synthetic products and nutrient

amendment practices 

Divya Gupta, Garima Singh, Sanjesh Tiwari, Anuradha Patel, Abreeq Fatima Anurag Dudey, Neha Naaz, Jitendra Pandey and Sheo Mohan Prasad 

11.1 Introduction  

11.2 Structure and mechanism of action of phytohormones under salt stress 

11.3 Structural, physiological and biochemical nature of phytohormones under salt stress 

11.4 Salt stress toxicity amelioration by exogenous / endogenous phytohormones 

11.5 Salt toxicity amelioration by exogenous synthetic products             

11.6 Salt toxicity amelioration by exogenous nutrient amendment practices 

11.7 Future prospective and conclusion 

References 

 

12 Crop plants develop extracellular signalling products against salt stress 

Santwana Tiwari, Nidhi Verma, Shikha Singh, Shivam Gupta, Jitendra Pandey and Sheo Mohan Prasad 

12.1 Introduction  

12.2 Site of synthesis of extracellular signaling products   

12.3 Release of extracellular products by cells of cyanobacteria, algae and crop plant   under salt stress: antioxidants,

enzymes and proteins  

12.4 Release of extracellular products by cells of cyanobacteria, algae and crop plants   under salt stress: amino

acids, osmolytes, nitrogen, nitric oxide, ammonia 

12.5 Release of extracellular products by cells of cyanobacteria and crop plants under salt stress: phytols,

sterols, terpenoid, fatty acids, phenols 

12.6 Release of extracellular products by cells of cyanobacteria and crop plants under salt

stress: Photoprotective compounds, polysaccharides, halogenated compounds and phytohormones      

12.7 Uncovering potential and applications of extracellular signaling products in biology, agriculture and medicine  

12.8 Current status and future prospects 

References