Physiology of Sport and Exercise

by Wilmore, Jack H.; Costill, David L.

• ISBN13: 9780736000840
• ISBN10: 0736000844
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Human Kinetics

Summary

Texas A&M Univ., College Station. Introductory textbook to the fields of sport and exercise physiology. Assumes knowledge of human anatomy and physiology. Includes key terms, study questions, references, and selected readings. Color format. Previous edition: c1994.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix	(4)
Credits	xiii	(4)
Acknowledgments	xvii	(1)
An Introduction to Exercise and Sport Physiology	xviii
The Focus of Exercise and Sport Physiology	3	(1)
A Historical Perspective	3	(8)
The Acute Physiological Responses to Exercise	11	(6)
Chronic Physiological Adaptations to Training	17	(1)
Basic Training Principles	17	(3)
Research Methodology	20	(5)
Part I Essentials of Movement	25	(88)
Chapter 1 Muscular Control of Movement	26	(26)
The Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle	29	(8)
Skeletal Muscle and Exercise	37	(15)
Chapter 2 Neurological Control of Movement	52	(30)
The Structure and Function of the Nervous System	54	(10)
The Central Nervous System	64	(3)
The Peripheral Nervous System	67	(3)
Sensory-Motor Integration	70	(8)
The Motor Response	78	(4)
Chapter 3 Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training	82	(31)
Terminology	84	(2)
Strength Gains From Resistance Training	86	(10)
Muscle Soreness	96	(4)
Designing Resistance Training Programs	100	(6)
Resistance Training for Special Populations	106	(7)
Part II Energy for Movement	113	(92)
Chapter 4 Metabolism and Basic Energy Systems	114	(42)
Energy for Cellular Activity	116	(4)
Bioenergetics: ATP Production	120	(10)
Measuring Energy Use During Exercise	130	(8)
Energy Expenditure at Rest and During Exercise	138	(7)
Causes of Fatigue	145	(11)
Chapter 5 Hormonal Regulation of Exercise	156	(28)
The Nature of Hormones	159	(4)
The Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones	163	(9)
The Endocrine Response to Exercise	172	(1)
Hormonal Effects on Metabolism and Energy	172	(5)
Hormonal Effects on Fluid and Electrolyte Balance During Exercise	177	(7)
Chapter 6 Metabolic Adaptations to Training	184	(21)
Adaptations to Aerobic Training	186	(7)
Training the Aerobic System	193	(3)
Adaptations to Anaerobic Training	196	(3)
Monitoring Training Changes	199	(6)
Part III Cardiorespiratory Function and Performance	205	(104)
Chapter 7 Cardiovascular Control During Exercise	206	(38)
Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System	208	(14)
Cardiovascular Response to Exercise	222	(22)
Chapter 8 Respiratory Regulation During Exercise	244	(30)
Pulmonary Ventilation	246	(4)
Pulmonary Diffusion	250	(3)
Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide	253	(3)
Gas Exchange at the Muscles	256	(3)
Regulation of Pulmonary Ventilation	259	(4)
Ventilation and Energy Metabolism	263	(2)
Respiratory Limitations to Performance	265	(2)
Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance	267	(7)
Chapter 9 Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Training	274	(35)
Endurance	277	(1)
Evaluating Endurance Capacity	277	(1)
Cardiovascular Adaptations to Training	278	(13)
Respiratory Adaptations to Training	291	(2)
Metabolic Adaptations to Training	293	(4)
Long-Term Improvement in Endurance	297	(1)
Factors Affecting the Response to Aerobic Training	298	(5)
Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Performance	303	(6)
Part IV Environmental Influences on Performance	309	(72)
Chapter 10 Thermoregulation and Exercise	310	(32)
Mechanisms of Body Temperature Regulation	312	(8)
Physiological Responses to Exercise in the Heat	320	(4)
Health Risks During Exercise in the Heat	324	(5)
Acclimatization to Exercise in the Heat	329	(2)
Exercise in the Cold	331	(4)
Physiological Responses to Exercise in the Cold	335	(1)
Health Risks During Exercise in the Cold	336	(2)
Cold Acclimatization	338	(4)
Chapter 11 Exercise in Hypobaric, Hyperbaric, and Microgravity Environments	342	(39)
Hypobaric Environments: Exercising at Altitude	344	(14)
Hyperbaric Environments: Exercising Underwater	358	(9)
Microgravity Environments: Exercising in Space	367	(14)
Part V Optimizing Performance in Sport	381	(134)
Chapter 12 Quantifying Sports Training	382	(26)
Demands of Training	385	(4)
Overtraining	389	(7)
Tapering for Peak Performance	396	(1)
Detraining	397	(7)
Retraining	404	(4)
Chapter 13 Ergogenic Aids and Performance	408	(42)
Researching Ergogenic Aids	412	(3)
Pharmacological Agents	415	(12)
Hormonal Agents	427	(6)
Physiological Agents	433	(9)
Nutritional Agents	442	(8)
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Nutritional Ergogenics	450	(40)
The Six Nutrient Classes	452	(17)
Water and Electrolyte Balance	469	(6)
The Athlete's Diet	475	(4)
Gastrointestinal Function During Exercise	479	(2)
Designing Sports Drinks	481	(9)
Chapter 15 Optimal Body Weight for Performance	490	(25)
Body Build, Body Size, and Body Composition	492	(2)
Assessing Body Composition	494	(5)
Body Composition and Sports Performance	499	(3)
Weight Standards	502	(5)
Achieving Optimal Weight	507	(8)
Part VI Age and Sex Considerations in Sport and Exercise	515	(92)
Chapter 16 Growth, Development, and the Young Athlete	516	(28)
Growth and Development of the Tissues	518	(7)
Physical Performance and Physiological Function	525	(10)
Training the Child and Adolescent	535	(9)
Chapter 17 Aging and the Older Athlete	544	(26)
Sport Performance	546	(3)
Changes in Cardiorespiratory Endurance With Aging	549	(8)
Changes in Strength With Aging	557	(3)
Environmental Stress and Aging	560	(1)
Body Composition and Aging	561	(1)
Trainability of the Older Athlete	562	(8)
Chapter 18 Sex Differences and the Female Athlete	570	(37)
Body Size and Composition	572	(4)
Physiological Responses to Acute Exercise	576	(6)
Physiological Adaptations to Exercise Training	582	(4)
Athletic Performance	586	(1)
Other Considerations	586	(21)
Part VII Physical Activity for Health and Fitness	607	(85)
Chapter 19 Prescription of Exercise for Health and Fitness	608	(26)
Medical Clearance	612	(5)
The Exercise Prescription	617	(3)
Monitoring Exercise Intensity	620	(4)
The Exercise Program	624	(5)
Exercise and Rehabilitation of People With Diseases	629	(5)
Chapter 20 Cardiovascular Disease and Physical Activity	634	(28)
Forms of Cardiovascular Disease	638	(4)
Understanding the Disease Process	642	(3)
Determining Individual Risk	645	(5)
Prevention Through Physical Activity	650	(7)
Risk of Heart Attack and Death During Exercise	657	(5)
Chapter 21 Obesity, Diabetes, and Physical Activity	662	(30)
Obesity	664	(19)
Diabetes	683	(9)
Common Scientific Abbreviations and Units and Conversions	692	(1)
Glossary	693	(9)
Index	702