Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

by Erturk, Alper; Inman, Daniel J.

• ISBN13: 9780470682548
• ISBN10: 047068254X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-04-25
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

The transformation of vibrations into electric energy through the use of piezoelectric devices is an exciting and rapidly developing area of research with a widening range of applications constantly materialising. With Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting, world-leading researchers provide a timely and comprehensive coverage of the electromechanical modelling and applications of piezoelectric energy harvesters. They present principal modelling approaches, synthesizing fundamental material related to mechanical, aerospace, civil, electrical and materials engineering disciplines for vibration-based energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting provides the first comprehensive treatment of distributed-parameter electromechanical modelling for piezoelectric energy harvesting with extensive case studies including experimental validations, and is the first book to address modelling of various forms of excitation in piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from airflow excitation to moving loads, thus ensuring its relevance to engineers in fields as disparate as aerospace engineering and civil engineering. Coverage includes: Analytical and approximate analytical distributed-parameter electromechanical models with illustrative theoretical case studies as well as extensive experimental validations Several problems of piezoelectric energy harvesting ranging from simple harmonic excitation to random vibrations#xA0; Details of introducing and modelling piezoelectric coupling for various problems Modelling and exploiting nonlinear dynamics for performance enhancement, supported with experimental verifications Applications ranging from moving load excitation of slender bridges to airflow excitation of aeroelastic sections#xA0; A review of standard nonlinear energy harvesting circuits with modelling aspects.

Author Biography

Alper Erturk, Virginia Tech, USA, is a Graduate Research Assistant in the Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures at Virginia Tech. He has written 1 book chapter and over 30 articles in various international journals and conference proceedings. His recent article on distributed-parameter electromechanical modelling of piezoelectric energy harvesters published in the ASME Journal of Vibration and Acoustics remained the topmost downloaded article of the journal for several months in 2008. His research includes experimental aspects of piezoelectric energy harvesting not only for verification and validation of his models but also for new applications.

Daniel J Inman, Virginia Tech, USA, is the Director of the Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures and the G.R. Goodson Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech. He also holds the Brunel Chair in Intelligent Materials and Structures at the University of Bristol. Since 1980, he has published 8 books, 20 book chapters, over 225 journal papers and 432 proceedings papers, given 41 keynote or plenary lectures, graduated 47 Ph.D. students and supervised more than 75 MS degrees. He is currently Technical Editor of the Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures (1999-2004), Technical Editor of the Shock and Vibration Digest (1998-2001), and Technical Editor of the journal Shock and Vibration (1999-2004). He was awarded the SPIE Smart Structures and Materials Life Time Achievement Award in 2003, and in 2007 he received the ASME Den Hartog Award for lifetime achievement in teaching and research in vibration.

Table of Contents

About the Authors

Preface

Introduction to Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Transduction

An Examples of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System

Mathematical Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Summary of the Theory of Linear Piezoelectricity

Outline of the Book

Base Excitation Problem for Cantilevered Structures and Correction of the Lumped-Parameter Electromechanical Model

Base Excitation Problem for the Transverse Vibrations

Correction of the Lumped-Parameter Base Excitation Model for Transverse Vibrations

Experimental Case Studies for Validation of the Correction Factor

Base Excitation Problem for Longitudinal Vibrations and Correction of its Lumped-Parameter Model

Correction Factor in the Electromechanically Coupled Lumped-Parameter Equations and a Theoretical Case Study

Summary

Chapter Notes

Analytical Distributed-Parameter Electromechanical Modeling of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Fundamentals of the Electromechanically Coupled Distributed-Parameter Model

Series Connection of the Piezoceramic Layers

Parallel Connection of Piezoceramic Layers

Equivalent Representation of the Series and the Parallel Connection Cases

Single-Mode Electromechanical Equations for Modal Excitations

Multi-mode and Single-Mode Electromechanical FRFs

Theoretical Case Study

Summary

Chapter Notes

Experimental Validation of the Analytical Solution for Bimorph Configurations

PZT-5H Bimorph Cantilever without a Tip Mass

PZT-5H Bimorph Cantilever with a Tip Mass

PZT-5A Bimorph Cantilever

Summary

Chapter Notes

Dimensionless Equations, Asymptotic Analyses, and Closed-Form Relations for Parameter Identification and Optimization

Dimensionless Representation of the Single-Mode Electromechanical FRFs

Asymptotic Analyses and Resonance Frequencies

Identification of Mechanical Damping

Identification of the Optimum Electrical Load for Resonance Excitation

Intersection of the Voltage Asymptotes and a Simple Technique for the Experimental Identification of the Optimum Load Resistance

Vibration Attenuation Amplification from the Short-Circuit to Open-Circuit Conditions

Experimental Validation for a PZT-5H Bimorph Cantilever

Summary

Chapter Notes

Approximate Analytical Distributed-Parameter Electromechanical Modeling of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Unimorph Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Configuration

Electromechanical Euler-Bernoulli Model with Axial Deformations

Electromechanical Rayleigh Model with Axial Deformations

Electromechanical Timoshenko Model with Axial Deformations

Modeling of Symmetric Configurations

Presence of a Tip Mass in the Euler-Bernoulli, Rayleigh, and Timoshenko Models

Comments on the Kinematically Admissible Trial Functions

Experimental Validation of the Assumed-Modes Solution for a Bimorph Cantilever

Experimental Validation for a Two-Segment Cantilever

Summary

Chapter Notes

Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting for Various Forms of Dynamic Loading

Governing Electromechanical Equations

Periodic Excitation

White Noise Excitation

Excitation Due to Moving Loads

Local Strain Fluctuations on Large Structures

Numerical Solution for General Transient Excitation

Case Studies

Summary

Chapter Notes

Modeling and Exploiting Mechanical Nonlinearities in Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Perturbation Solution of the Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Problem: the Method of Multiple Scales

Monostable Duffing Oscillator with Piezoelectric Coupling

Bistable Duffing Oscillator with Piezoelectric Coupling: the Piezomagnetoelastic Energy Harvester

Experimental Performance Results of the Bistable Peizomagnetoelastic Energy Harvester

A Bistable Plate for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Summary

Chapter Notes

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Aeroelastic Vibrations

A Lumped-Parameter Piezoaeroelastic Energy Harvester Model for Harmonic Response

Experimental Validations of the Lumped-Parameter Model at the Flutter Boundary

Utilization of System Nonlinearities in Piezoaeroelastic Energy Harvesting

A Distributed-Parameter Piezoaeroelastic Model for Harmonic Response: Assumed-Modes Formulation

Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Piezoaeroelastic Formulations with Finite-Element Modeling

Theoretical Case Study for Airflow Excitation of a Cantilevered Plate

Summary

Chapter Notes

Effects of Material Constants and Mechanical Damping on Power Generation

Effective Parameters of Various Soft Ceramics and Single Crystals

Theoretical Case Study for Performance Comparison of Soft Ceramics and Single Crystals

Effective Parameters of Typical Soft and Hard Ceramics and Single Crystals

Theoretical Case Study for Performance Comparison of Soft and Hard Ceramics and Single Crystals

Experimental Demonstration for PZT-5A and PZT-5H Cantilevers

Summary

Chapter Notes

A Brief Review of the Literature of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuits

AC-DC Rectification and Analysis of the Rectified Output

Two-Stage Energy Harvesting Circuits: DC-DC Conversion for Impedance Matching

Synchronized Switching on Inductor for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Summary

Chapter Notes

Piezoelectric Constitutive Equations

Modeling of the Excitation Force in Support Motion Problems of Beams and Bars

Modal Analysis of a Uniform Cantilever with a Tip Mass

Strain Nodes of a Uniform Thin Beam for Cantilevered and Other Boundary Conditions

Numerical Data for PZT-5A and PZT-5H Piezoceramics

Constitutive Equations for an Isotropic Substructure

Essential Boundary Conditions for Cantilevered Beams

Electromechanical Lagrange Equations Based on the Extended Hamilton's Principle

Index.

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