Acknowledgements | p. viii |
Introduction | p. ix |
How the Back Works and Why It Sometimes Goes Wrong | p. 1 |
Get to Know Your Spine | p. 1 |
The Vertebral Bodies | p. 1 |
Spinal Discs | p. 3 |
Facet Joints | p. 5 |
Spinal Ligaments | p. 6 |
Spinal Nerves | p. 7 |
Scoliosis | p. 8 |
Sacroiliac Joints | p. 9 |
Osteoarthritis | p. 10 |
Osteoporosis | p. 10 |
The Movements of the Spine | p. 13 |
The Muscles and Sound Movement Patterns | p. 17 |
Why Do So Many People Get Back Pain? | p. 23 |
New Use | p. 24 |
Misuse | p. 24 |
Overuse | p. 24 |
Abuse | p. 24 |
Disuse | p. 24 |
Ideal Posture | p. 27 |
Kyphosis and/or Lordosis | p. 28 |
The Swayback | p. 29 |
The Flatback | p. 30 |
Muscle Length Testing | p. 31 |
Hamstring Test | p. 31 |
Hip Flexor Test | p. 34 |
How Do We Feel Pain? | p. 37 |
Pain as a Sensation | p. 38 |
What Type of Pain Is It, and When Does It Occur? | p. 39 |
How Bad Is the Pain? | p. 40 |
Where Is the Pain Felt? | p. 41 |
When Should You Seek Emergency Medical Help? | p. 42 |
How Body Control Pilates Can Help Back Problems | p. 43 |
Pain, Movement and Exercise | p. 43 |
The Eight Principles of Body Control Pilates | p. 45 |
Relaxation | p. 46 |
Concentration | p. 47 |
Alignment | p. 47 |
Breathing | p. 48 |
Centering: Creating a "Girdle of Strength" | p. 49 |
Coordination | p. 50 |
Flowing Movements | p. 50 |
Stamina | p. 51 |
The Body Control Pilates Back-Training Program | p. 53 |
How to Use the Program | p. 53 |
Inner Circle: Learn It! | p. 55 |
Middle Circle: Retain It! | p. 56 |
Outer Circle: Challenge It! | p. 57 |
Before You Begin | p. 58 |
Inner Circle: Learn it! | p. 59 |
The Relaxation Position | p. 61 |
The Compass | p. 62 |
The Compass against the Wall | p. 64 |
Alignment in Standing | p. 66 |
Lateral Breathing | p. 67 |
The Pelvic Elevator | p. 68 |
Stabilizing on All Fours | p. 70 |
Stabilizing in Prone-lying | p. 71 |
Stabilizing in the Relaxation Position | p. 72 |
Pelvic Stability Exercises: Leg Slides, Knee Drops, Knee Folds and Turning out the Leg | p. 73 |
The Dart: Stage One | p. 77 |
Floating Arms | p. 79 |
Scapular Awareness Exercise against the Wall | p. 81 |
The Starfish | p. 82 |
Neck Rolls and Chin Tucks | p. 84 |
Shoulder Drops | p. 86 |
Middle Circle: Retain it! | p. 89 |
Spine Curls | p. 91 |
Hip Flexor Stretch | p. 94 |
Side Rolls | p. 95 |
Knee Circles with Breath | p. 97 |
Windmill Arms | p. 99 |
Walking on the Spot plus Calf Stretch | p. 101 |
Arm Circles against the Wall | p. 103 |
Arm Circles: Free Standing | p. 105 |
Side Reach against the Wall | p. 106 |
Dumb Waiter on the Wall | p. 108 |
Knee Swings | p. 110 |
The Oyster | p. 112 |
The Big Squeeze | p. 114 |
The Star | p. 115 |
The Rest Position: Two Versions | p. 118 |
Curl Ups | p. 120 |
Oblique Curl Ups | p. 121 |
Hamstring Stretch | p. 122 |
Adductor Openings | p. 124 |
Wide Leg Stretch against the Wall | p. 125 |
Chicken Wings on the Wall | p. 126 |
Floating Arms against the Wall | p. 128 |
Sitting Waist Twists | p. 130 |
Standing Waist Twists | p. 131 |
Standing on One Leg | p. 132 |
Table Top: Stages One and Two | p. 134 |
The Diamond Press | p. 136 |
The Dart: Stage Two | p. 138 |
Ankle Circles | p. 140 |
Foot Exercises | p. 141 |
Deep Gluteal Stretch against the Wall | p. 144 |
The Monkey | p. 146 |
The Cat | p. 148 |
Side-lying Quadriceps and Hip Flexor Stretch | p. 150 |
Arm Openings | p. 152 |
The Cushion Squeeze | p. 154 |
Outer Circle: Challenge it! | p. 157 |
The Pelvic Bridge | p. 159 |
Roll Downs | p. 161 |
Hip Rolls with Shoulder Blade Setting | p. 164 |
Butt Scrunches | p. 166 |
Full Table Top | p. 168 |
The Torpedo | p. 170 |
One-legged Calf Raises | p. 172 |
Abductor Lifts | p. 174 |
Adductor Lifts | p. 176 |
Backstroke Swimming | p. 177 |
Single Leg Stretch | p. 178 |
The Hundred: Stages One to Four | p. 182 |
Recommended Workouts | p. 187 |
Workouts from Stages One and Two: The Inner and Middle Circles | p. 189 |
Daily Workouts for When You Are Feeling Fragile! | p. 197 |
The Full Back-Training Program | p. 205 |
Lifestyle Tips For Living With Back Problems | p. 211 |
Sitting | p. 212 |
Choosing a Chair for Sitting at Work | p. 213 |
At an Office or Workstation | p. 214 |
Driving | p. 215 |
When You Are Driving | p. 215 |
Sleeping | p. 216 |
Lifting and Carrying | p. 217 |
Sex | p. 218 |
Gardening | p. 220 |
Commonly Asked Questions | p. 221 |
Glossary | p. 223 |
The Origins of Pilates and the Development of the Body Control Pilates Method | p. 225 |
Joseph Pilates | p. 225 |
The Development of Body Control Pilates | p. 226 |
About the Authors | p. 226 |
References | p. 227 |
Further Information | p. 228 |
General Information in the United States | p. 229 |
Other Resources | p. 229 |
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