Planning, Program Development and Evaluation : A Handbook for Health Promotion, Aging, and Health Services

by Timmreck, Thomas C.

• ISBN13: 9780763700621
• ISBN10: 0763700622
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-07-01
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

Planning, program development, and evaluation are emerging as routine functions of health care and social agencies.  The concepts and approaches presented in this book provide an efficient approach to planning, program development, and evaluation for all health and human service populations.  It functions both as a handbook for busy administrators as well as a text for undergraduate and graduate level courses.  The primary focus is on health or social services organizations, with an emphasis on health promotion/health education and health and human services for the elderly.The only text that illustrates and integrates The Ten Step Planning Model developed by Thomas C. Timmreck.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	xiii
Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xvii
About the Author	xix
Introduction	xxi
The Planning Model-The 10 Steps	xxiii
History and Development of Health Promotion and Social and Health Services Planning and Program Development	1	(28)
Chapter Objectives	2	(1)
Health Promotion and Health Education	2	(10)
Early Developments	2	(3)
Services and Programs of Health Promotion	5	(7)
Aging and Social Service Planning	12	(2)
Historical Events	12	(2)
The Need for Health Promotion Services	14	(2)
Services for Older People	16	(7)
Program Development for Aging Services	23	(2)
The Need for Health and Social Services	25	(1)
References	26	(3)
Begin at the Beginning: The Mission Statement	29	(8)
Chapter Objectives	30	(1)
Step 1 Of Planning Model	30	(1)
Pitfalls to Avoid	30	(1)
Definitions	31	(1)
Developing Mission Statements	32	(3)
Purpose and Function	33	(1)
Structure and Parts	33	(1)
Legitimacy and Tangibility	34	(1)
References	35	(2)
Organization and Community Assessment	37	(28)
Chapter Objectives	38	(2)
Step 2 of Planning Model	38	(2)
Does Anyone Care? or What Are the Political and Administrative Constraints to the Program Development Process?	40	(1)
Internal Assessment	41	(1)
Resource Analysis	42	(9)
Strengths and Weaknesses	42	(1)
Money/Finances	43	(1)
Planning Question	43	(1)
Space and Physical Facilities	44	(1)
Planning Questions	44	(1)
Personnel	45	(1)
Planning Question	46	(1)
Transportation	46	(1)
Planning Questions	47	(1)
Equipment and Materials	47	(1)
Planning Question	48	(1)
Expertise	48	(1)
Planning Questions	49	(1)
Motivation, Commitment, and Support	49	(2)
Planning Question	51	(1)
Management Audits	51	(3)
External Assessment	54	(3)
Community Assessment	57	(3)
Planning Questions	59	(1)
Approaches to Acceptance of a Project	60	(1)
Planning Questions	60	(1)
Planning for the Evaluation Process	60	(1)
Policies and Regulations	61	(1)
References	62	(3)
Writing Goals and Objectives	65	(22)
Chapter Objectives-Part I	66	(1)
Step 3 of Planning Model	66	(1)
Writing Goals and Objectives for Need Assessments	66	(13)
Why Develop Objectives for Need Assessments?	66	(1)
Planning Questions	67	(1)
Defining Goals and Objectives	68	(1)
Some Concepts about Goal and Objective Writing	68	(4)
Structured Approach to Writing Objectives	72	(3)
Verb Choice in Writing Objectives	75	(1)
Planning Questions	76	(1)
Objective Writing is Consistent Across the Board	76	(1)
Planning Questions	76	(1)
Common Errors in Goal and Objective Setting	76	(2)
Summary	78	(1)
Chapter Objectives-Part II	79	(1)
Step 6 of Planning Model	79	(1)
Writing Goals and Objectives for Planning and Program Development	79	(6)
Introduction	79	(1)
The Difference Between Goals and Objectives	80	(1)
Importance and value	80	(1)
Benefits	81	(1)
Stating Planning Objectives and Outcomes	81	(1)
Planning Questions	82	(1)
Be Precise in Writing Objectives	83	(1)
Consistency and Congruency in the Planning Process	84	(1)
Planning Questions	84	(1)
References	85	(2)
Need Assessments: Determining Programs and Services: Spanning the Gaps	87	(32)
Chapter Objectives	88	(1)
Step 4 of Planning Model	88	(1)
Overview of Need Assessments	89	(1)
The Role of Need Assessments	90	(3)
Barriers to Services	92	(1)
Planning Questions	92	(1)
Community Resource Assessment	92	(1)
Need Assessment Approaches	93	(9)
Knowledgeable Leader/Key Informant Approach	93	(1)
Community Forum	94	(1)
Rates Under Treatment Approach	95	(1)
Social and Health Status Indicators Approach	96	(1)
Service Population Approach	97	(1)
Focus Groups	98	(1)
Community Diagnosis Approach	98	(1)
Survey Approach	99	(3)
Five Approaches to Data Gathering	102	(4)
Sample Selection	103	(1)
Sample Size	103	(3)
Internal and External Need Assessment	106	(1)
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT)	106	(1)
Training-An Important Part of the Need Assessments Process	107	(2)
Planning Question	108	(1)
Assessment of Data and Presentation of Findings	109	(9)
Descriptive Statistics in Presenting the Findings	109	(1)
Planning Questions	110	(1)
Using Tables to Present Data	110	(1)
Graphic Presentation of Data	111	(4)
Descriptive Statistics	115	(2)
Planning Questions	117	(1)
References	118	(1)
Determining and Setting Priorities	119	(18)
Chapter Objectives	120	(1)
Step 5 of Planning Model	120	(1)
Barriers to Access of Health and Social Services	120	(1)
Factors Influencing Priority Setting	121	(1)
Priority Setting: Comparing Existing Resources, Services, and Gaps in Services	122	(2)
Planning Questions	124	(1)
Decision-Making Processes	124	(6)
Approaches and Models	125	(5)
Matrix Decision-Making Models	130	(2)
Setting Priorities of Needs	132	(4)
The Hanlon Method of Priority Setting	133	(2)
Planning Questions	135	(1)
References	136	(1)
How to Prepare for Implementation of Services: Getting Things Done	137	(10)
Chapter Objectives	138	(1)
Step 7 of Planning Model	138	(1)
Setting Activities in Order	139	(1)
Activities and Procedures Planning Protocol Document	140	(1)
Pilot Projects	141	(2)
Approaches to Determine Step-by-Step Procedures	143	(3)
Using the Planning Matrix	143	(1)
Levels of Importance of Activities	144	(1)
Planning Questions	145	(1)
References	146	(1)
Developing Timelines for Planning and Implementation	147	(22)
Chapter Objectives	148	(1)
Step 6 of Planning Model	148	(1)
Time in Planning and Implementation	148	(2)
Time Its Determination and Use	149	(1)
Timelines Described	150	(1)
Planning Questions	150	(1)
Determining Priorities of Activities for Timelines and Implementation	150	(1)
Developing Timelines	151	(5)
Timeline Basics	151	(1)
Gantt Chart	152	(1)
PERT Charts	153	(3)
Timelines	156	(12)
Timelines of General Use	158	(5)
Other Sample Timelines	163	(1)
Planning Questions	163	(5)
References	168	(1)
Implementation of Programs, Services, and Projects: Putting the Plan into Action	169	(16)
Chapter Objectives	170	(1)
Step 9 of Planning Model	170	(1)
Implementation Defined	170	(1)
Implementation Plan	171	(1)
Organizational Change and Project Implementation	171	(1)
Developing the Implementation Strategy	172	(2)
Planning Questions	173	(1)
Implementation Worksheets	174	(1)
Manpower Planning	174	(5)
Barriers to Implementation	179	(2)
Work Flow Planning	181	(1)
Anticipating Problems	182	(2)
Planning Questions	184	(1)
References	184	(1)
Evaluation and Feedback	185	(28)
Chapter Objectives	186	(1)
Step 10 of Planning Model	186	(1)
Definitions	186	(1)
Evaluation	187	(21)
Evaluation in Health Promotion: Approaches and Constructs	188	(3)
Purposes of Evaluation	191	(1)
Evaluation Approaches and Designs	191	(6)
Reasons for and Uses of Evaluation	197	(1)
Variables in Assessment and Evaluation	197	(2)
Health Promotion Evaluation Standards	199	(1)
Planning Questions	199	(1)
CDC's Framework for Program Evaluation	200	(4)
Steps in and Levels of Evaluation	204	(3)
Management Issues in Evaluation	207	(1)
Feedback	208	(5)
Reporting as a Part of Feedback	210	(1)
Planning Questions	211	(1)
References	211	(2)
Appendix A Sample Budget for Use in Program Development and Planning	213	(4)
Appendix B Suggested Format and Outline for Health Plan/ Planning Report	217	(2)
Appendix C Criteria for the Development of Health Promotion and Health Education Programs	219	(4)
Appendix D Internet Health Planning and Program Development Resources	223	(4)
Appendix E Epi Info	227	(4)
Appendix F Epi Map: Geographic Information System (GIS)	231	(2)
Index	233