Plantation Forestry in the Tropics The Role, Silviculture, and Use of Planted Forests for Industrial, Social, Environmental, and Agroforestry Purposes

by Evans, Julian; Turnbull, John W.

• ISBN13: 9780198509479
• ISBN10: 0198509472
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-06-10
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This book presents the historical context and current developments in the practice of planting trees in the tropics. The expanded third edition provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of tropical plantation forestry as part of sustainable land use.

Author Biography

Julian Evans was appointed OBE in 1997 for 'Services to Forestry and the Third World'. Also Vice-President of the Commonwealth Forestry Association, Director-at-Large of the International Society of Tropical Foresters (ISTF), and honorary member of Society of American Foresters.
John Turnbull received the inaugural Queen's Award for Forestry through the Commonwealth Forestry Association for his contributions to forestry in developing countries.

Table of Contents

PART I Introduction
Introduction	3	(10)
The tropics
Defining a plantation
Tropical plantation species
Why plantations?	13	(12)
Factors favouring plantation development
Conclusions
Planted forest in tropical countries	25	(14)
Development of plantation forestry
Present status of plantations in the tropics
Conclusion
Plantation organization and structure	39	(12)
Plantation organization
Plantation characteristics
Plantation design
Plantation life-history
Plantation monitoring
PART II Land, social and economic factors, and planning in plantation development
Land and plantation development	51	(21)
Resource management domains
Land capability
Land-use
Obtaining land for plantation development, encouraging tree-planting and extension
Social and economic factors in tree-planting and plantation development	72	(18)
Introduction
Factors affecting the scale and rate of planting and plantation development
Social and cultural effects of plantation development
The contribution of planted forests to the economies and rural development in the tropics
Planning the plantation enterprise	90	(17)
Introduction
Policy planning at international and national levels
Planning in large projects
Planning for small-scale tree-planting
PART III Plantation silviculture
What to plant?	107	(24)
Introduction
Purpose of the plantation
Species potentially available
Matching species with site
Making the choice	107	(24)
Seed collection, supply, and storage	131	(19)
Introduction
Seed quality
Quantity of seed needed
Seed certification, records, and dispatch procedures
Seed procurement
Seed storage
Packaging and transport of seed
Seed supply and trade problems
Forest nurseries	150	(33)
Introduction
Planning forest nurseries
Nursery location and design
Preparation of seed
Time of sowing
The container system
Raising bare-rooted seedlings
Care, protection, and conditioning of seedlings
Quality control, dispatch, and transport of plants
Clonal plantations	183	(17)
Introduction
Development of clonal plantations
Vegetative propagation methods
Clonal deployment
Small-scale clonal plantings
Role of molecular genetics in clonal forestry
Plantation establishment	200	(23)
Pre-establishment essentials
Ground preparation
Planting
Special forms of establishment
Plantation maintenance	223	(14)
Immediate post-planting problems
Weed control
Staking
Tree shelters
Singling
Respacing
Low pruning
Nutrition of tree crops	237	(15)
Nutrient deficiencies
Use of fertilizers
Maintaining soil fertility without using mineral fertilizer
Nutrient toxicity
Dynamics of stand growth	252	(9)
Periodicity and pattern in growth of individual trees
Stand growth is dynamic
Physiological basis of stand development
Silvicultural implications
Selective pruning
Thinning	261	(15)
Definition and objectives
Experience with thinning in the tropics
Effects of thinning
Methods of thinning
Thinning and wood quality
Thinning decisions
Thinning practice and control
High pruning	276	(7)
Need to prune
Production of knot-free timber
Timing and intensity of high pruning
Economics of pruning
Pruning practice
Rotations, regeneration, and coppice	283	(14)
Introduction
Rotation length
First rotation harvesting and preparation for the next rotation: silvicultural considerations
Natural regeneration
Plantation species as invasives
Coppice
Protection---an introduction	297	(18)
Introduction
Inorganic and man-made damage
Organic damage
Salvaging a damaged crop
Protection strategy
PART IV Tree-planting and plantation forestry: in rural development, soil conservation, rehabilitation, environmental considerations, and sustainability
Tree-planting in rural development and agroforestry	315	(19)
Woodlots
Trees with crops
Trees and livestock
Trees planted for other purposes
Protective afforestation	334	(19)
Urgency of protective afforestation in the tropics
Protective role of tree cover
Implementing programmes of protective afforestation
Management and silviculture in protection planting
Tree planting for ecosystem rehabilitation and restoration	353	(10)
Definitions
Degradation and rehabilitation
Management strategies
Species selection
Plantation design
Site management practices
Case studies
Afforestation of inhospitable sites	363	(15)
What makes sites inhospitable? Silvicultural challeng of inhospitable sites
Ecological factors and sustainability of plantations	378	(17)
Biodiversity in plantation forestry
Eucalypt environmental controversy
Sustainability of plantations
Site change induced by plantation forestry
Risk exposed to plantations
Evidence of productivity change
Within-rotation yield class/site quality drift
Intervention to sustain yield
Conclusions
Bibliography	395	(54)
Species index	449	(5)
General index	454