Plants of the Bible

by Moldenke

• ISBN13: 9780710307651
• ISBN10: 0710307659
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2005-03-23
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

This classic work is the standard reference on Biblical botany. Two hundred and thirty plants mentioned in the Bible are treated in detail, beginning with references in scripture and proceeding to botanical descriptions of appearance and use; references in the non-Christian literature of antiquity and in the writings of non-botanical travelers in the Holy Land; etymological comparisons; comparative plant lore; symbolism and variations in translations of the Bible. The work clarifies many Biblical passages and references, and gives fascinating insights into daily life in Biblical and earlier times through plant use. Plants dealt with include henna, cinnamon, cotton, myrrh, cedar, sandalwood, myrtle, mandrake, lilies, and thorns. There are line drawings, a bibliography, index to Bible verses, general index and a section of plates.

Author Biography

Harold N. Moldenke was Curator of the Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden.

Table of Contents

The Authors	ii
Preface	vii
Contents	xi
List of Illustrations	xv
Historical Sketch	1	(12)
Description of the Land	13	(4)
Helps to Users of this Work	17	(6)
Acacia nilotica (L.) Forsk	23	(1)
Loranthus acaciae Zucc	23	(1)
Acacia Seyal Delile	24	(1)
Acacia tortilis Hayne	24	(2)
Acanthus syriacus Boiss	26	(1)
Acetobacter acetigenum (Henneberg) Bergey	27	(1)
Acetobacter acetum (Thomsen) H.B.H.H.	27	(1)
Acetobacter Plicatum Fuhrmann	27	(1)
Acetobacter xylinum (Brown) Bergey	27	(1)
Aegilops variabilis Eig	28	(1)
Alopecurus anthoxanthoides Boiss	28	(1)
Avena sterilis L.	28	(1)
Eragrostis megastachya (Koel.), Link	28	(1)
Nardurus orientalis Boiss	28	(1)
Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf	28	(1)
Agrostemma githago L.	29	(1)
Solanum incanum L.	29	(1)
Alhagi camelorum var. turcorum (Boiss.) Boiss	30	(1)
Alhagi maurorum Medic	31	(1)
Fraxinus ornus L.	31	(1)
Tamarix mannifera (Ehrenb.) Bunge	31	(1)
Allium ascalonicum L.	32	(1)
Allium sativum L.	32	(1)
Allium cepa L.	33	(1)
Allium porrum L.	34	(1)
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.	34	(1)
Aloe succotrina Lam	35	(1)
Amygdalus communis L.	35	(3)
Anastatica hierochuntica L.	38	(1)
Gundelia tournefortii L.	38	(1)
Andropogon aromaticus Roxb	39	(2)
Anemone coronaria L.	41	(1)
Anthemis palaestina Reut	41	(5)
Anethum graveolens L.	46	(1)
Apinus pinea (L.) Neck	46	(1)
Aquilaria agallocha Roxb	47	(1)
Santalum album L.	47	(1)
Artemisia herba-alba Asso	48	(1)
Artemisia judaica L.	48	(2)
Arundo donax L.	50	(1)
Astragalus gummifer Labill	51	(1)
Astragalus tragacantha L.	51	(2)
Atriplex dimorphostegia Kar. & Kir	53	(1)
Atriplex halimus L.	53	(1)
Atriplex rosea L.	53	(1)
Atriplex tatarica L.	53	(2)
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile	55	(1)
Boswellia carterii Birdw	56	(1)
Boswellia papyrifera Hochst	56	(1)
Boswellia thurifera Roxb	56	(3)
Brassica nigra (L.) W. Koch	59	(3)
Butomus umbellatus L.	62	(1)
Buxus longifolia Boiss	62	(3)
Capparis sicula Duham	65	(1)
Cedrus libani Loud	66	(4)
Centaurea calcitrapa L.	70	(1)
Centaurea iberica Trev	70	(1)
Centaurea verutum L.	70	(1)
Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn	70	(2)
Ceratonia siliqua L.	72	(1)
Cercis siliquastrum L.	73	(1)
Cichorium endivia L.	74	(1)
Cichorium intybus L.	74	(1)
Lactuca sativa L.	74	(1)
Nasturtium officinale R. Br.	74	(1)
Rumex acetosella var. multifidus (L.) P. DC. & Lam.	74	(1)
Taraxacum officinale Weber	74	(1)
Cinnamomum cassia Blume	75	(1)
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees	76	(1)
Cistus creticus L.	77	(1)
Cistus salvifolius L.	77	(1)
Cistus villosus L.	77	(1)
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad	78	(2)
Citrullus vulgaris Schrad	80	(1)
Cucumis melo L.	80	(1)
Commiphora africana (Arn.) Engl.	81	(1)
Commiphora kataf (Forsk.) Engl.	82	(1)
Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.	82	(2)
Commiphora opobalsamum (L.) Engl.	84	(2)
Coriandrum sativum L.	86	(1)
Crocus cancellatus var. damascenus (Herb.) G. Maw	86	(1)
Crocus hyemalis Boiss. & BI.	86	(1)
Crocus vitellinus Wahlenb	86	(1)
Crocus zonatus J. Gay	86	(1)
Crocus sativus L.	87	(1)
Cucumis chate L.	88	(1)
Cucumis sativus L.	88	(1)
Cuminum cyminum L.	89	(1)
Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (Mill.) Gord.	89	(2)
Cynomorium coccineum L.	91	(1)
Cyperus papyrus L.	92	(3)
Diospyros ebenaster Retz	95	(1)
Diospyros ebenum Konig	95	(1)
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb	95	(2)
Eberthella Typhi (Schrot.) Buchanan	97	(1)
Rickettsia prowazeki da Rocha-Lima	97	(1)
Streptococcus erysipelatis Fahleisen	97	(1)
Elaeagnus angustifolia L.	97	(1)
Epidermophyton rubrum Castellani	98	(1)
Favotrichophyton violaceum (Sabouraud) Dodge	98	(1)
Trichophyton rosaceum Sabouraud	98	(3)
Faba vulgaris Moench	101	(1)
Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. & Buhse	102	(1)
Ficus carica L.	103	(1)
Ficus carica var. silvestris Nees	103	(3)
Ficus sycomorus L.	106	(3)
Gossypium herbaceum L.	109	(2)
Hedera helix L.	111	(1)
Hordeum distichon L.	111	(1)
Hordeum hexastichon L.	111	(1)
Hordeum vulgare L.	111	(3)
Hyacinthus orientalis L.	114	(1)
Lilium candidum L.	114	(3)
Fris pseudacorus L.	117	(2)
Juglans regia L.	119	(1)
Juncus effusus L.	120	(1)
Juncus maritimus Lam.	120	(1)
Scirpus holoschoenus var. linnaei (Reichenb.) Asch. & Graebn	120	(1)
Scirpus lacustris L.	120	(1)
Scirpus maritimus L.	120	(1)
Juniperus oxycedrus L.	121	(2)
Laurus nobilis L.	123	(1)
Lawsonia inermis L.	124	(1)
Lecanora affinis Eversm	125	(1)
Lecanora esculenta (Pall.) Eversm	125	(1)
Lecanora fruticulosa Eversm	125	(1)
Nostoc spp.	125	(3)
Lens esculenta Moench	128	(1)
Lilium chalcedonicum L.	129	(1)
Linum usitatissimum L.	129	(4)
Lolium temulentum L.	133	(1)
Lycium europaeum L.	134	(3)
Mandragora officinarum L.	137	(2)
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds	139	(1)
Morus nigra L.	140	(1)
Mucor mucedo L.	141	(1)
Mycobacterium leprae (A. Hansen) Lehm. & Neum	142	(1)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis (Koch) Lehm. & Neum.	143	(1)
Myrtus communis L.	143	(4)
Narcissus tazetta L.	147	(1)
Nardostachys jatamansi (Wall.) P. DC.	148	(1)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Trevis	149	(1)
Treponema pallidum (Schaud. & Hoffm.) Schaud	149	(2)
Nerium oleander L.	151	(1)
Nigella sativa L.	152	(1)
Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass	153	(1)
Scolymus maculatus L.	153	(1)
Nymphaea alba L.	154	(1)
Nymphaea caerulea Sav	154	(1)
Nymphaea lotus L.	154	(3)
Olea europaea L.	157	(3)
Origanum maru L.	160	(1)
Origanum maru var. aegyptiacum (L.) Dinsm	160	(2)
Ornithogalum umbellatum L.	162	(3)
Paliurus spina-christi Mill	165	(1)
Panicum miliaceum L.	166	(1)
Pasteurella pestis (Lehm. & Neum.) Bergey	167	(2)
Phoenix dactylifera L.	169	(3)
Phragmites communis Trin	172	(1)
Pinus brutia Tenore	173	(2)
Pinus halepensis Mill	175	(2)
Pistacia lentiscus L.	177	(1)
Pistacia terebinthus var. palaestina (Boiss.) Post	178	(1)
Pistacia vera L.	179	(1)
Platanus orientalis L.	180	(1)
Populus alba L.	181	(2)
Populus euphratica Oliv	183	(1)
Prunus armeniaca L.	184	(4)
Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.	188	(1)
Punica granatum L.	189	(4)
Quercus aegilops L.	193	(1)
Quercus coccifera L.	193	(1)
Quercus coccifera var. pseudococcifera (Desf.) Boiss	193	(1)
Quercus ilex L.	193	(1)
Quercus lusitanica Lam	193	(8)
Retama raetam (Forsk.) Webb. & Berth	201	(1)
Rhamnus palaestina Boiss	202	(1)
Ricinus communis L.	203	(1)
Roccella tinctoria Lam. & P. DC.	204	(1)
Rosa phoenicia Boiss	205	(1)
Rubus sanctus Schreb	206	(1)
Rubus ulmifolius Schott	206	(1)
Ruscus aculeatus L.	207	(1)
Ruta chalepensis var. latifolia (Salisb.) Fiori	208	(1)
Ruta graveolens L.	208	(1)
Sabina excelsa (Bieb.) Antoine	209	(1)
Sabina phoenicia (L.) Antoine	209	(1)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen	210	(2)
Saccharomyces ellipsoideus Reess	212	(2)
Saccharum officinarum L.	214	(1)
Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L.	215	(1)
Salicornia herbacea (L.) L.	215	(1)
Salsola inermis Forsk	215	(1)
Salsola kali L.	215	(1)
Salix acmophylla Boiss	216	(1)
Salix alba L.	216	(1)
Salix fragilis L.	216	(1)
Salix safsaf Forsk	216	(2)
Salvia judaica Boiss	218	(1)
Saussurea lappa (Decaisne) C. B. Clarke	218	(1)
Shigella ambigua (Andrews) Weldin	219	(1)
Shigella dysenteriae (Shiga) Castel. & Chalm	219	(1)
Shigella paradysenteriae (Collins) Weldin	219	(1)
Sinapis arvensis L.	220	(1)
Solanum incanum L.	221	(1)
Sorghum vulgare var. durra (Forsk.) Dinsm	222	(1)
Staphylococcus albus Rosenb	223	(1)
Staphylococcus aureus Rosenb	223	(1)
Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenb	223	(1)
Styrax benzoin Dryand	223	(1)
Styrax officinalis L.	224	(3)
Tamarix articulata Vahl	227	(1)
Tamarix pentandra Pall	227	(1)
Tamarix tetragyna Ehrenb	227	(1)
Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters	228	(1)
Triticum aestivum L.	228	(1)
Triticum compositum L.	228	(5)
Triticum aestivum var. spelta (L.) L. H. Bailey	233	(1)
Tulipa montana Lindl	234	(1)
Tulipa sharonensis Dinsm	234	(1)
Typha angustata Bory & Chaub	235	(2)
Urtica caudata Vahl	237	(1)
Urtica dioica L.	237	(1)
Urtica pilulifera L.	237	(1)
Urtica urens L.	237	(2)
Vitis orientalis (Lam.) Boiss	239	(1)
Vitis vinifera L.	240	(5)
Xanthium spinosum L.	245	(2)
Zizyphus lotus (L.) Lam	247	(1)
Zizyphus spina-christi (L.) Willd	248	(1)
Zostera marina L.	249	(2)
Unidentified Plant References	251	(8)
Bibliography	259	(16)
Supplementary Notes	275	(18)
Index to Bible Verses	293	(8)
General Index	301