Plasma Kinetics in Atmospheric Gases

by Capitelli, M.; Ferreira, Carlos M.; Gordiets, B. F.; Osipov, A. I.

• ISBN13: 9783540674160
• ISBN10: 3540674160
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

This book describes the coupling between elementary processes, plasma kinetics and electrodynamics in different types of electrical discharges and under non-equilibrium conditions. Analytical methods based on rigorous kinetic theory are developed to interpret the results obtained by numerical methods. Particular emphasis is placed on the kinetics of non-equilibrium N2, O2 and N2-02 plasmas as well as on conditions relevant to atmospheric physics, reentry problems and acoustic and shock waves in non-equilibrium atmospheric gases.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(4)
Translational Relaxation of Heavy Particles	5	(8)
References	11	(2)
Rotational Relaxation of Molecules	13	(10)
References	21	(2)
Vibrational Relaxation of Molecules	23	(36)
Estimation of Vibrational Relaxation Times	23	(3)
Vibrational Kinetics of Harmonic Oscillators	26	(10)
Vibrational Relaxation of Diatomic Molecules in an Inert Gas: V-T Exchange	26	(3)
One-Component Systems: V-V Exchanges	29	(2)
Binary Mixture of Diatomic Molecules: V-T, V-V and V-V' Exchanges	31	(3)
Polyatomic Molecules	34	(2)
Vibrational Kinetics of Anharmonic Oscillators	36	(11)
V-T Relaxation in an Inert Gas	37	(1)
V-V and V-T Exchanges. The Treanor Distribution	38	(1)
V-V and V-T Exchanges. Moderate Deviation from Equilibrium	39	(2)
Resonant V-V Relaxation Under High Exitation Conditions	41	(4)
Time-Dependent Relaxation at High Excitation	45	(2)
Vibrational Kinetics in the Presence of Chemical Reactions of Vibrationally Excited Molecules	47	(12)
References	54	(5)
Kinetics of Free Electrons	59	(26)
The Boltzmann Equation	59	(7)
EEDF in Discharges Sustained by an Electric Field	66	(8)
EEDF in Discharges Excited by an Electron Beam	74	(11)
References	79	(6)
Energetic and Spectroscopic Parameters of Atmospheric Species	85	(10)
References	93	(2)
Rates of Translational and rotational Relaxation	95	(10)
Translational Relaxation and diffusion Coefficients	95	(4)
Rotational Relaxation	99	(6)
References	103	(2)
Rate Coefficients for Vibrational Relaxation	105	(14)
Rate Coefficients of V-T Relaxation	105	(7)
Rate Coefficients of V-V and V-V' Processes	112	(7)
References	116	(3)
Electron Rate Coefficients	119	(36)
Integral Scattering Cross-Sections	119	(4)
Electron Rate Coefficients and Power Balance in Plasmas Maintained by an Electric Field	123	(16)
Electron Loss Processes in the Plasma Bulk	139	(3)
Electron Rate Coefficients and Energy Balance in the Ionosphere Plasma	142	(3)
Excitation, Dissociation and Ionization of N2, O2 and O Species by an Electron Beam	145	(10)
References	149	(6)
Electronic State Relaxation Rates	155	(12)
Radiative Lifetimes	155	(3)
Relaxation in Collisions with Atoms and Molecules	158	(9)
References	163	(4)
Rate Coefficients of Chemical Reactions	167	(26)
Reactions of Neutral Species	167	(11)
Ion-Molecule Reactions	178	(7)
Vibrational Excitation of Reaction Products	185	(8)
References	187	(6)
Interactions of Gas Phase Species with Surfaces	193	(16)
Balance Equations and Boundary Conditions at Walls	193	(3)
Wall Loss Probabilies γ	196	(3)
Kinetic Model for Surface Processes	199	(7)
Molecular Dynamics Approach	206	(3)
References	207	(2)
Discharges in Pure N2 and O2	209	(20)
Discharge and Post-Discharge in N2	209	(6)
Discharge in O2	215	(14)
The Positive Column in Electronegative Gases	216	(5)
Chemical and Charge Kinetics in O2 Discharges	221	(3)
References	224	(5)
Discharges in N2---O2 Mixtures	229	(22)
Modelling of Low Pressure N2---O2 Discharges	229	(12)
General Description of the Model	231	(1)
Kinetics of Free Electrons	231	(1)
Vibrational Kinetics	232	(1)
Kinetics of Electronic States and Chemical Kinetics	232	(1)
Interaction with the Wall	232	(1)
Gas and Wall Temperatures	233	(8)
Modelling of High Pressure N2---O2 Discharges	241	(10)
Cleaning of Polluted Atmospheric Gases	241	(5)
N14 and N15 Isotope Separation	246	(2)
References	248	(3)
Kinetic Processes in the Ionosphere	251	(18)
Probabilities and Rates of Dissociation and Ionization	252	(2)
Chemical and Charge Kinetics	254	(3)
Vibrational Kinetics	257	(12)
References	264	(5)
Interaction of Space Vehicles with Atmospheric Gases	269	(18)
Free Molecular Regime	269	(4)
Hydrodynamic Regime. Vibrtional and Chemical Kinetics During Space Shuttle Reentry	273	(14)
References	282	(5)
Acoustic and Shock Waves in Non-equilibrium Gases	287	(12)
Propagation of Small Perturbations in Non-equilibrium Gases	287	(3)
Nonlinear Hydrodynamic Waves in Non-equilibrium Gases	290	(2)
Propagation of Shock Waves in Non-equilibrium Gases	292	(7)
References	295	(4)
Index	299