Play and Child Development

by Frost, Joe L.; Wortham, Sue C.; Reifel, Stuart

• ISBN13: 9780136856030
• ISBN10: 0136856039
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

With significantly expanded discussions on key topics, here is a revised edition of the popular early childhood book that, more than any other book on the market, ties play directly to child development. Through a seamless blend of research, theory, and practical applications, its comprehensive coverage addresses the full spectrum of play-related topics. The book analyzes play theories and play therapy; presents a history of play; and discusses current play trends. It explores ways to create safe play environments for all children, and how to weave play into school curricula. Finally, the authors examine the role of adults in leading and encouraging children' s natural tendencies toward learning by playing. Special coverage includes a full chapter on play and children with disabilities, and the value of field trips in supporting learning. For pre-service and in-service, pre-school and primary grade teachers.

Table of Contents

Play's History: Ideas, Beliefs, and Activities	2	(32)
Philosophy and Ideas Over the Years	7	(18)
The Ancients and Play	7	(2)
Enlightenment and Romantic Thought on Play	9	(7)
On the Nature of Play: Scientific Approaches	16	(4)
The Modern Era of Children's Play	20	(5)
Emerging Issues	25	(1)
Summary	26	(1)
Key Terms	27	(1)
Study Questions	27	(1)
References	28	(4)
Theory as Lenses on Children's Play	32	(44)
Why Study Theories?	35	(1)
Current Theories of Play	36	(2)
Dominant Contemporary Theories	38	(19)
Psychoanalysis: Emotional Motives for Play	39	(3)
Communications and Play	42	(3)
Cognitive Views	45	(7)
Social Play	52	(4)
Creativity in Play	56	(1)
Emerging Theories of Play	57	(1)
Play through Different Lenses	58	(1)
Beliefs and Philosophy	59	(6)
A Model of Classroom Play	59	(6)
Issues Shaping Play Theory	65	(1)
The Need for Theory About Unique Contexts	65	(1)
Interdisciplinarity	65	(1)
Teacher's Thinking About Play	66	(1)
Summary	66	(1)
Key Terms	67	(1)
Study Questions	68	(1)
References	68	(8)
Neuroscience, Play Deprivation, and Pay-for-Play	76	(40)
Neuroscience, Play and Child Development	78	(10)
Emergence of Neuroscience	79	(2)
High-Tech Brain Imaging	81	(1)
Organization of the Brain	81	(1)
Effects of Deprivation on Brain Development	82	(2)
Neuroscience and Play: Connections	84	(1)
Neuroscience and Cognitive Development	85	(1)
Neuroscience and Language Development	85	(1)
Neuroscience and Social Development	86	(1)
Neuroscience and Emotional Development	86	(1)
Neuroscience and Physical Development	87	(1)
Neuroscience and Educational Practice: Bridging the Gap	88	(1)
Brain Research and Child Development	89	(2)
Effects of Play Deprivation on Child Development	91	(3)
Alternatives to Traditional Spontaneous Play	94	(4)
Play and Organized Sports	94	(1)
Play and Leisure	95	(1)
Play and Entertainment	96	(1)
Play and Work	96	(2)
Impediments to Spontaneous Play	98	(1)
Pay-for-Play and Technology	99	(7)
Electronic Play	101	(1)
Developmentally Appropriate Software	102	(3)
Immersive Reality and Theme Parks	105	(1)
Children's Museums	106	(1)
Summary	107	(1)
Key Terms	108	(1)
Study Questions	109	(1)
References	110	(6)
Play: Infants and Toddlers	116	(44)
Physical and Motor Development	118	(7)
Characteristics of Physical Development	118	(1)
Characteristics of Motor Development	119	(1)
Variations in Physical and Motor Development	120	(1)
Play and Motor Development	121	(1)
Exploration or Play?	122	(1)
Adult Roles in Motor Play	123	(2)
Cognitive Development	125	(6)
Characteristics of Cognitive Development	125	(1)
Variations in Cognitive Development	125	(2)
Play and Cognitive Development	127	(1)
Adult Roles in Cognitive Play	128	(3)
Cultural Differences in Parent-Child Pretend Play	131	(1)
Language Development	131	(5)
Characteristics of Language Development	131	(1)
Variations in Language Development	132	(2)
The Role of Adults in Language Development	134	(1)
Play and Language Development	134	(1)
Adult Roles in Language Play	135	(1)
Social Development	136	(6)
Characteristic of Social Development	136	(1)
Variations in Social and Emotional Development	137	(1)
The Role of Adults in Social and Emotional Development	138	(1)
Play and Social Development	139	(1)
Peer Play	140	(1)
Adult and Sibling Roles in Social Play	140	(2)
Characteristics of Infant and Toddler Play	142	(6)
Motor Play	142	(1)
Object Play	142	(1)
Social Play	142	(1)
Symbolic Play	143	(1)
Gender Differences in Play	143	(1)
Creativity and Play	144	(1)
The Integrated Nature of Play	145	(3)
Adult Roles in Infant and Toddler Play	148	(2)
Toys and Materials for Infant and Toddler Play	150	(2)
Summary	152	(2)
Key Terms	154	(1)
Study Questions	155	(1)
References	156	(4)
Play in the Preschool Years	160	(54)
Physical Development	162	(5)
Characteristics of Motor Development	163	(1)
Play and Physical Development	164	(2)
Adult Roles in Physical Play	166	(1)
Cognitive Development	167	(7)
Characteristics of Cognitive Development	168	(1)
Play and Cognitive Development	169	(3)
Characteristics of Cognitive Play	172	(1)
Adult Roles in Cognitive Play	173	(1)
Language and Literacy Development	174	(5)
Characteristics of Language Development	174	(1)
Characteristics of Literacy Development	175	(1)
Variations in Language and Literacy Development	176	(1)
Play and Language and Literacy Development	176	(2)
Adult Roles in Language and Literacy Play	178	(1)
Social Development	179	(11)
Characteristics of Social-Emotional Development	179	(3)
Play and Social-Emotional Development	182	(1)
Characteristics of Social Play	183	(4)
Variations in Social Competence and Play	187	(2)
Variations in Sociodramatic Play	189	(1)
Adult Roles in Social Play	189	(1)
Characteristics of Preschool Play	190	(10)
The Integrated Nature of Play	190	(1)
Variations in Development and Play	191	(5)
Creativity and Play	196	(4)
Adult Roles in Preschool Play	200	(2)
Toys and Materials for Preschool Play	202	(2)
Summary	204	(1)
Key Terms	205	(1)
Study Questions	205	(1)
References	206	(8)
Play and the School-Age Child	214	(46)
Physical Development	216	(7)
Characteristics of Motor Development	217	(1)
Play and Physical Development	218	(4)
Adult Roles in Physical Play	222	(1)
Cognitive Development	223	(5)
Characteristics of Cognitive Development	224	(1)
Variations in Cognitive Development	225	(1)
Play and Cognitive Development	226	(1)
Characteristics of Cognitive Play	226	(2)
Language and Literacy Development	228	(4)
Characteristics of Language Development	228	(1)
Characteristics of Literacy Development	229	(1)
Language and Literacy Development and Play	229	(1)
Adult Roles in Language and Literacy Play	230	(2)
Social and Emotional Development	232	(8)
Characteristics of Social and Emotional Development	232	(2)
Play and Social-Emotional Development	234	(1)
Characteristics of Social Play	235	(1)
Variations in Social Competence and Play	236	(2)
From Sociodramatic Play to Structured Dramatics	238	(1)
Adult Roles in Social and Sociodramatic Play	239	(1)
Characteristics of School-Age Play	240	(7)
The Integrated Nature of Play	240	(1)
Gender Differences in Play	240	(1)
Rough-and-Tumble Play	241	(2)
Chase Games	243	(1)
War Toys	244	(1)
Creativity and Play	244	(3)
Adult Roles in School-Age Play	247	(3)
Toys and Materials for School-Age Play	250	(1)
Summary	250	(2)
Key Terms	252	(1)
Study Questions	252	(2)
References	254	(6)
Culture and Gender in Play	260	(34)
The Roots of Cultural Play Research	264	(10)
The Work of Helen Schwartzman	264	(7)
The Work of Slaughter and Dombrowski	271	(2)
Context: Expanding on Developmental Views	273	(1)
Cultural Influences on Play	274	(10)
Family Influences on Play	275	(4)
Differences in Group Play	279	(3)
Gender and Play	282	(2)
Summary	284	(2)
Key Terms	286	(1)
Study Questions	286	(1)
References	287	(7)
Play and the Curriculum	294	(46)
Common Elements of Play-based Curriculum	297	(4)
Play Centers and Spatial Arrangement	297	(2)
Balance of Play Materials	299	(1)
Divergent Activities and Creative Expression	300	(1)
Schedule of the Day	300	(1)
Variations in Approaches to Play	301	(4)
Approach 1: Nonplay Curriculum Models	305	(4)
Behaviorist Models	306	(1)
Didactic Public School Programs	307	(2)
Approach 2: The ``Hands-off'' Play Curriculum	309	(1)
Approach 3: Narrowly Focused Play Interventions	310	(11)
Smilansky's Sociodramatic Play Interventions	311	(3)
Isenberg and Jalongo's Creative Drama for the Primary Grades	314	(3)
Roskos and Neuman's Literacy Play Model	317	(1)
Kamii and DeVries's Group Games	318	(3)
Approach 4: Broadly Focused Developmental Models	321	(10)
The Bank Street Approach	322	(2)
High/Scope	324	(1)
Vygotskian Play Models	325	(3)
Reggio Emilia Programs	328	(3)
Borrowing the Best from Each Approach	331	(1)
Key Terms	332	(1)
Study Questions	333	(1)
References	334	(6)
Play and Children with Disabilities	340	(46)
The Nature of Disabilities	342	(5)
Physical Disabilities	343	(1)
At-Risk Children	344	(1)
Developmental Delays	345	(1)
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders	345	(1)
Children with Multiple Disabilities	346	(1)
Disabilities and Play	347	(13)
Children with Visual Impairments	347	(3)
Children with Hearing Impairments	350	(1)
Children with Motor Impairments	351	(1)
Children at Risk for Developmental Delay or a Disability	352	(2)
Developmental Delay	354	(5)
Abused and Neglected Children	359	(1)
The Role of the Environment	360	(9)
Influences of Inclusion Classrooms on Children's Play	360	(2)
Adapted Play Environments	362	(7)
The Role of Technology	369	(3)
Assistive Technology	369	(1)
Adapted Toys	370	(1)
Interactive Video	371	(1)
Computer Technology	372	(1)
Creativity and Play	372	(1)
Play-Based Assessment	373	(2)
Why Play-Based Assessment Is Being Used	374	(1)
How Play-Based Assessments Are Conducted	374	(1)
Research and Play-Based Assessment	375	(1)
Summary	375	(2)
Key Terms	377	(1)
Study Questions	377	(1)
References	378	(8)
Introduction to Play Therapy	386	(36)
History and Theories of Play Therapy	389	(9)
Psychanalysis: Roots of Play Therapy	389	(2)
Psychoanalytic Play Therapy	391	(2)
Structured Play Therapy	393	(2)
Nondirective Therapy	395	(1)
Relationship and Child-Centered Play Therapy	396	(2)
Conducting Play Therapy	398	(5)
Setting Up the Playroom	398	(1)
Beginning Play Therapy	399	(1)
The Playroom Relationship	400	(3)
Settings and Applications	403	(9)
Group Play Therapy	403	(2)
Interdisciplinary Teams	405	(1)
Filial Therapy	405	(2)
Hospital Play Therapy	407	(2)
Preschools and Elementary Schools	409	(2)
Links to Creativity	411	(1)
Results of Play Therapy	412	(2)
Summary	414	(1)
Key Terms	415	(1)
Study Questions	415	(1)
References	416	(6)
Creating Play Environments	422	(40)
Then and Now	424	(2)
History of Playgrounds in America	426	(4)
Indoors Versus Outdoors	430	(1)
Playgrounds and Child Development	431	(4)
Infant and Toddler Play Environments	432	(1)
Preschool Play Environments	432	(2)
School-Age Play Environments	434	(1)
Creating Play Environments	435	(20)
Space	435	(4)
Selecting Play Equipment	439	(5)
Creating Special Play Places: Nature and Magical Qualities	444	(1)
Children's Gardens	445	(6)
Making Play Environments Magical	451	(4)
Summary	455	(1)
Key Terms	456	(1)
Study Questions	456	(1)
References	457	(5)
Child Safety in Public Places	462	(46)
Hazards in Public Places	467	(3)
Child Development and Safety	470	(2)
Toddlers	470	(1)
Preschoolers and Early School-Age Children	471	(1)
Guidelines/Standards for Safety	472	(5)
History of Playground Equipment Standards	473	(4)
Promoting Safety Where Children Play	477	(19)
Playground Safety	478	(5)
Amusement Parks	483	(1)
Water Safety	484	(3)
Noise	487	(1)
Toy Safety	488	(1)
Other Hazards	489	(4)
Field Trips and Safety: Zoos	493	(3)
Child Injuries and Litigation	496	(3)
Summary	499	(1)
Key Terms	499	(1)
Study Questions	500	(1)
References	501	(4)
General Information: Child Safety	505	(3)
Play Leadership in American and European Playgrounds	508	(33)
History of Play Leadership in America	511	(3)
Play Leadership in Public Parks	511	(1)
Play Leadership in Preschools	512	(1)
Play Leadership in Public and Private Elementary Schools	513	(1)
Theoretical Bases for Adult Intervention in Children's Play	514	(6)
Piaget and Constructivism	517	(1)
Vygotsky and Social Constructivism	517	(1)
Chaos Theory	518	(2)
Research Bases for Adult Intervention in Children's Play	520	(1)
Practicing Play Leadership	521	(6)
Pacific Oaks College Perspectives on Practice	522	(1)
Vygotskian Perspectives on Practice	523	(1)
Adventure Play and Play Leadership in Europe	523	(4)
Conclusions and Recommendations	527	(7)
Key Terms	534	(1)
Study Questions	534	(1)
References	535	(6)
Appendix	541	(6)
Name Index	547	(10)
Subject Index	557