Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum

by Ruddiman, William F.

• ISBN13: 9780691133980
• ISBN10: 0691133980
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-10-22
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Summary

The impact on climate from 200 years of industrial development is an everyday fact of life, but did humankind's active involvement in climate change really begin with the industrial revolution, as commonly believed? William Ruddiman's provocative new book argues that humans have actually been changing the climate for some 8,000 years--as a result of the earlier discovery of agriculture. The "Ruddiman Hypothesis" will spark intense debate. We learn that the impact of farming on greenhouse-gas levels, thousands of years before the industrial revolution, kept our planet notably warmer than if natural climate cycles had prevailed--quite possibly forestalling a new ice age. Plows, Plagues, and Petroleumis the first book to trace the full historical sweep of human interaction with Earth's climate. Ruddiman takes us through three broad stages of human history: when nature was in control; when humans began to take control, discovering agriculture and affecting climate through carbon dioxide and methane emissions; and, finally, the more recent human impact on climate change. Along the way he raises the fascinating possibility that plagues, by depleting human populations, also affected reforestation and thus climate--as suggested by dips in greenhouse gases when major pandemics have occurred. The book concludes by looking to the future and critiquing the impact of special interest money on the global warming debate. Eminently readable and far-reaching in argument,Plows, Plagues, and Petroleumshows us that even as civilization developed, we were already changing the climate in which we lived.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	p. ix
Preface	p. xiii
What Has Controlled Earth's Climate?
Climate and Human History	p. 5
Nature in Control
Slow Going for a Few Million Years	p. 17
Linking Earth's Orbit to Its Climate	p. 25
Orbital Changes Control Ice-Age Cycles	p. 35
Orbital Changes Control Monsoon Cycles	p. 46
Stirrings of Change	p. 55
Humans Begin to Take Control
Early Agriculture and Civilization	p. 65
Taking Control of Methane	p. 76
Taking Control of CO 2	p. 84
Have We Delayed a Glaciation?	p. 95
Challenges and Responses	p. 106
Disease Enters the Picture
But What about Those CO 2 "Wiggles"?	p. 119
The Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Which One?	p. 127
Pandemics, CO 2 , and Climate	p. 139
Humans in Control
Greenhouse Warming: Tortoise and Hare	p. 151
Future Warming: Large or Small?	p. 159
From the Past into the Distant Future 169 Epilogue
Global-Change Science and Politics	p. 179
Consuming Earth's Gifts	p. 190
Bibliography	p. 195
Figure Sources	p. 197
Index	p. 199
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