Pocket Guide to Clinical Microbiology

by Murray, Patrick R., Ph.D.

• ISBN13: 9781555811372
• ISBN10: 155581137X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-09-01
• Publisher: Amer Society for Microbiology

Summary

Completely revised, updated and expanded, the Pocket Guide to Clinical Microbiology, 2nd edition will help laboratory associates quickly locate answers to the most commonly asked questions they encounter in their daily business. This pocket-sized resource for clinical microbiologists offers immediate access to essential information needed in lab work. The author has organized the information in this book to follow the lab process - from differential diagnosis to specimen collection, transport, and processing and then to identification, susceptibility testing, immunodiagnostic testing, and finally, reportable diseases. Each major group of microbes - bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites - is discussed comprehensively in the individual sections. As an added feature, the Pocket Guide presents a uniform approach to the taxonomy of the organisms, clearly showing the relationships among the many clinically relevant microbes. This unique reference presents its valuable data in charts, diagrams, and figures, making it a very easy-to-use, time-saving resource.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
SECTION 1 Taxonomic Classification of Medically Important Microorganisms	1	(20)
General Comments	2	(1)
Taxonomic Classification of Bacteria	2	(7)
Taxonomic Classification of Human Viruses	9	(4)
Taxonomic Classification of Fungi	13	(3)
Taxonomic Classification of Parasites	16	(5)
SECTION 2 Indigenous and Pathogenic Microbes of Humans	21	(60)
General Comments	22	(2)
Table 2.1 Human Indigenous Flora	24	(13)
Microbes Responsible for Human Disease	37	(18)
Arthropod Vectors of Medically Important Diseases	55	(3)
Table 2.2 Fungal Pathogens and Geographic Distribution	58	(11)
Table 2.3 Parasitic Pathogens and Geographic Distribution	69	(12)
SECTION 3 Specimen Collection and Transport	81	(52)
General Comments	82	(1)
Organism-Specific Guidelines for Specimen Collection and Transport	82	(26)
Table 3.1 General Specimen Collection and Transport Guidelines	108	(20)
Table 3.2 Confirmation of Food-Borne Infectious Disease Outbreaks	128	(5)
SECTION 4 Specimen Processing	133	(42)
General Comments	134	(1)
Primary Plating Media: Bacteria	134	(11)
Primary Plating Media: Mycobacteria	145	(2)
Primary Plating Media: Fungi	147	(3)
Table 4.1 Dyes and pH Indicators	150	(1)
Table 4.2 Cells Used for Virus or Chlamydia Isolation	151	(2)
Microscopy	153	(5)
Table 4.3 Recommendations for Primary Stains and Bacterial Culture Media	158	(3)
Table 4.4 Recommendations for Primary Stains and Fungal Culture Media	161	(3)
Table 4.5 Selection of Diagnostic Tests for Specific Viral Diseases	164	(7)
Table 4.6 Selection of Diagnostic Tests for Specific Parasitic Diseases	171	(4)
SECTION 5 Microbial Identification	175	(68)
General Comments	176	(1)
Identification Tables: Bacteria	177	(35)
Table 5.1 Differential Characteristics of Catalase-Positive, Gram-Positive Cocci	177	(1)
Table 5.2 Differential Characteristics of Common Staphylococcus Species	178	(1)
Table 5.3 Differential Characteristics of Catalase-Negative, Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci	179	(1)
Table 5.4 Differential Characteristics of Catalase-Negative, Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase-Positive, Gram-Positive Cocci	180	(1)
Table 5.5 Differential Characteristics of Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci	181	(1)
Table 5.6 Differential Characteristics of Selected Viridans Streptococci	182	(1)
Table 5.7 Differential Characteristics of Enterococcus Groups	183	(1)
Table 5.8 Differential Characteristics of Common Enterococcus Species	184	(1)
Table 5.9 Differential Characteristics of Selected Corynebacterium Species	185	(1)
Table 5.10 Differential Characteristics of Nonpigmented Coryneform Bacteria	186	(1)
Table 5.11 Differential Characteristics of Yellow-Pigmented Coryneform Bacteria	187	(1)
Table 5.12 Differential Characteristics of Selected Bacillus Species	188	(1)
Table 5.13 Differential Characteristics of Partially Acid-Fast Organisms: Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Tsukamurella, and Gordona Species	189	(1)
Table 5.14 Differential Characteristics of Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium Species	190	(1)
Table 5.15 Differential Characteristics of Nonchromogenic, Slow-Growing Mycobacterium Species	191	(1)
Table 5.16 Differential Characteristics of Chromogenic, Slow-Growing Mycobacterium Species	192	(1)
Table 5.17 Differential Characteristics of Non-Spore-Forming, Gram-Positive, Anaerobic Bacilli	193	(1)
Table 5.18 Differential Characteristics of Selected Actinomyces and Propionibacterium Species	194	(1)
Table 5.19 Differential Characteristics of Selected Clostridium Species	195	(2)
Table 5.20 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Negative, Fermentative, Gram-Negative Bacilli	197	(1)
Table 5.21 Differential Characteristics of Selected Members of the Enterobacteriaceae	198	(2)
Table 5.22 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Positive, Fermentative, Gram-Negative Bacilli	200	(1)
Table 5.23 Differential Characteristics of Selected Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas Species	201	(1)
Table 5.24 Differential Characteristics of Haemophilus Species	202	(1)
Table 5.25 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Negative, Oxidative, Gram-Negative Bacilli	203	(1)
Table 5.26 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Positive, Oxidative, Gram-Negative Bacilli	204	(1)
Table 5.27 Differential Characteristics of the Gram-Negative Bacteria Neisseria, Moraxella, and Kingella Species	205	(1)
Table 5.28 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Negative, Nonoxidative, Gram-Negative Bacilli	206	(1)
Table 5.29 Differential Characteristics of Selected Oxidase-Positive, Nonoxidative, Gram-Negative Bacilli	207	(2)
Table 5.30 Differential Characteristics of Selected Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter Species	209	(1)
Table 5.31 Differential Characteristics of Anaerobic, Gram-Negative Bacteria	210	(1)
Table 5.32 Differential Characteristics of the Bacteroides fragilis Group	211	(1)
Identification: Fungi	212	(8)
Table 5.33 Differential Characteristics of Fermentative Yeasts	212	(1)
Table 5.34 Differential Characteristics of Nonfermentative Yeasts and Yeast-Like Organisms	213	(1)
Identification of Filamentous Fungi	214	(6)
Identification: Parasites	220	(23)
Table 5.35 Trophozoites of Common Intestinal Amebae	220	(2)
Table 5.36 Cysts of Common Intestinal Amebae	222	(2)
Figure 5.1 Amebae and Flagellate Found in Human Stool Specimens	224	(1)
Table 5.37 Morphological Characteristics of Ciliates, Coccidia, and Tissue Protozoa	225	(2)
Figure 5.2 Ciliate, Coccidia, and Blastocystis hominis Found in Human Stool Specimens	227	(1)
Table 5.38 Trophozoites of Flagellates	228	(3)
Table 5.39 Cysts of Flagellates	231	(2)
Figure 5.3 Flagellates Found in Human Stool Specimens	233	(1)
Table 5.40 Morphological Characteristics of Parasites Found in Blood	234	(2)
Figure 5.4 Relative Sizes of Helminth Eggs	236	(2)
Table 5.41 Morphological Characteristics of Helminths	238	(3)
Table 5.42 Key to Adult Stages of Common Arthropods of Medical Importance	241	(2)
SECTION 6 Vaccines, Antibiotics, and Susceptibility Testing	243	(50)
General Comments	244	(1)
Immunization Recommendations for the United States	244	(4)
Table 6.1 List of Common Antibiotics: Generic and Trade Names	248	(12)
Table 6.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties of Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal, and Antiparasitic Agents	260	(8)
Table 6.3 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) Documents Related to Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing	268	(1)
Table 6.4 Quality Control Organisms for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests	269	(2)
Table 6.5 Summary of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Methods for Bacteria, Mycobacteria, and Fungi	271	(3)
Table 6.6 Susceptibility Patterns for Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria	274	(3)
Table 6.7 Susceptibility of Common Gram-Negative Bacilli to Selected Penicillins	277	(1)
Table 6.8 Susceptibility of Common Gram-Negative Bacilli to Selected Cephalosporins	278	(1)
Table 6.9 Susceptibility of Common Gram-Negative Bacilli to Imipenem and Selected Quinolones	279	(1)
Table 6.10 Susceptibility Patterns for Miscellaneous Aerobic Gram-Negative Bacteria	280	(2)
Table 6.11 Susceptibility Patterns for Fastidious Bacteria	282	(2)
Table 6.12 Susceptibility Patterns for Anaerobic Bacteria	284	(1)
Table 6.13 Susceptibility Patterns for Mycobacteria	285	(2)
Table 6.14 Susceptibility Patterns for Viruses	287	(1)
Table 6.15 Susceptibility Patterns for Fungi	288	(2)
Table 6.16 Susceptibility Patterns for Parasites	290	(3)
SECTION 7 Immunodiagnostic Tests	293	(38)
General Comments	294	(1)
Immunodiagnostic Tests: Interpretive Values	295	(36)
Table 7.1 Criteria for Diagnosis of Syphilis	327	(2)
Table 7.2 Correlation of Clinical Status and Characteristic Serological Responses to EBV Infection	329	(1)
Table 7.3 Interpretation of HBV Serological Markers in Patients with Hepatitis	330	(1)
SECTION 8 Notifiable Infectious Diseases	331	(12)
General Comments	332	(1)
Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases--1997	332	(2)
Geographic Distribution of Selected Notifiable Diseases--Totals for 1992-1996	334	(3)
Annual Incidence of Selected Notifiable Diseases (1987-1996)	337	(6)
Figure 8.1 AIDS, Syphilis, Chancroid, Gonorrhea, and Chlamydia	337	(1)
Figure 8.2 Tuberculosis, Lyme Disease, and Pertussis	338	(1)
Figure 8.3 Salmonella, Shigella, and S. typhi	339	(1)
Figure 8.4 Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C	340	(1)
Figure 8.5 Measles, Rubella, and Mumps	341	(2)
Bibliography	343	(2)
Index	345