The Polar Regions and the Development of International Law

by Donald R. Rothwell

• ISBN13: 9780521561822
• ISBN10: 0521561825
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-11-13
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

This book deals with international law in Antarctica and the Arctic. It reviews how each region is managed by the individual legal regimes, and how the special international laws developed specifically to deal with polar problems (for instance, protection of the environment) have contributed to the development of international law. It covers the legal issues concerning the geography and environment of the regions; the relevant aspects of the law of the sea; resource management; and environmental protection. The author reviews the international relations regime theory to analyse the development of the Polar regimes, and considers how the international relations necessary to deal with the unique problems caused by the polar environment and regional politics, has contributed to a greater understanding of international law.

Table of Contents

List of figures	xi	(1)
List of tables	xii	(1)
Preface	xiii	(4)
Acknowledgments	xvii	(3)
Table of international and domestic arbitrations, cases and judgments	xx	(1)
Table of conventions treaties and other in International instuments	xxi	(8)
List of abbreviations	xxix
Part I Introduction to the polar regions	3	(48)
1 Introduction	3	(18)
The polar regions and the development of international law	3	(1)
The international law framework	4	(5)
The international relations framework	9	(11)
Conclusion	20	(1)
2 The environment and resources of the polar regions	21	(30)
The boundaries of the polar regions	21	(4)
The polar environment	25	(9)
Polar topography	34	(2)
Polar resources	36	(3)
Polar peoples	39	(3)
Common polar issues	42	(4)
Conclusion	46	(5)
Part II The legal regimes of the polar regions	51	(210)
3 The Antarctic Treaty	51	(59)
The territorial claims	51	(12)
The Cold War	63	(3)
The International Geophysical Year	66	(2)
The 1959 Antarctic Conference	68	(3)
The Antarctic Treaty	71	(36)
Conclusion	107	(3)
4 The Antarctic Treaty System	110	(45)
Why an Antarctic Treaty System?	110	(1)
Recommendations: general	111	(2)
Environmental Recommendations: the 1964 Agreed Measures	113	(8)
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS)	121	(2)
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)	123	(10)
Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (CRAMRA)	133	(6)
Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic	139	(10)
The relationship between the instruments of the Antarctic Treaty System	149	(4)
Conclusion	153	(2)
5 International law in the Arctic	155	(66)
The legal regime	156	(5)
Arctic international law	161	(58)
Conclusion	219	(2)
6 Initiatives for Arctic regional cooperation	221	(40)
Early proposals	223	(4)
Growth in regional cooperation	227	(2)
The Murmansk initiative	229	(2)
Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy	231	(11)
The Canadian proposal for an Arctic Council	242	(7)
Models for an Arctic legal regime	249	(6)
Future prospects for Arctic Cooperation	255	(6)
Part III The impact of the polar regions	261	(168)
7 The Polar regions and the law of the sea	261	(42)
Ice--covered waters	262	(6)
Polar baselines	268	(6)
Maritime zones	274	(11)
High seas freedoms	285	(8)
Marine environment protection	293	(7)
Conclusion	300	(3)
8 The polar regions and resource management	303	(46)
Management of polar living resources	306	(26)
Management of polar non--living resources	332	(13)
Conclusion	345	(4)
9 The polar regions and international environmental law	349	(56)
International environmental law	352	(10)
The polar regions and the development of international environmental law	362	(38)
The polar regions and their impact on international environmental law	400	(5)
10 Regime theory, the polar regions and international law	405	(24)
Why study regimes?	406	(3)
Antarctica and regime theory	409	(8)
The Arctic and regime theory	417	(6)
Regime theory and the polar regions	423	(6)
Part IV Conclusion	429	(30)
11 The polar regions and their relationship with international law	429	(30)
Polar responses to international law	430	(4)
Polar issues and international law	434	(4)
The polar regions and international law	438	(12)
The validity of the polar regimes	450	(6)
Polar regions, international cooperation and international law	456	(3)
Bibliography	459	(32)
Index	491