Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal

by Ball, Terence; Dagger, Richard

• ISBN13: 9780321078414
• ISBN10: 0321078411
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-06-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

"The aggressively revised new edition of this best-seller provides a clear, concise, and comprehensive introduction to the ideas and ideals that shake and shape our political world." Written with the firm belief that ideology is the driving force of nation-states, history, and politics, this innovative text covers the range of contemporary political ideologies, from the standard categories of liberalism, conservatism, and socialism to newly emerging ideological alternatives. "Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal "provides an accessible overview of the origin and development of these ideologies, and illustrates how each interprets democracy and freedom.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
To the Reader	xv
About the Authors	xvi
PART ONE Ideology and Democracy	1	(42)
Ideology and Ideologies	3	(16)
A Working Definition of ``Ideology''	5	(4)
Human Nature and Freedom	9	(4)
Human Nature	10	(1)
Freedom	10	(3)
Ideology and Revolution	13	(1)
Nationalism and Anarchism	14	(3)
Nationalism	14	(2)
Anarchism	16	(1)
Conclusion	17	(1)
Notes	17	(1)
For Further Reading	17	(2)
The Democratic Ideal	19	(24)
The Origins of Democracy	20	(4)
Democracy and Republic	24	(6)
The Republic and Mixed Government	24	(1)
Christianity and Democracy	25	(2)
Renaissance and Republicanism	27	(3)
The Atlantic Republican Tradition	30	(1)
The Return of Democracy	30	(6)
Seventeenth-Century Democrats	31	(1)
The United States as Democratic Republic	32	(2)
De Tocqueville on Democracy	34	(2)
The Growth of Democracy	36	(1)
Democracy as an Ideal	37	(2)
Three Conceptions of Democracy	39	(1)
Conclusion	40	(1)
Notes	41	(1)
For Further Reading	41	(2)
PART TWO The Development of Political Ideologies	43	(162)
Liberalism	45	(42)
Liberalism, Human Nature, and Freedom	46	(1)
Historical Background	47	(5)
Medieval Origins	47	(3)
The Protestant Reformation	50	(2)
Liberalism and Revolution	52	(10)
England	52	(5)
The American Revolution	57	(2)
The French Revolution	59	(3)
Liberalism and Capitalism	62	(4)
Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century	66	(4)
Utilitarianism	67	(3)
Liberalism Divided	70	(4)
Neoclassical Liberalism	71	(1)
Welfare Liberalism	72	(2)
Liberalism in the Twentieth Century	74	(4)
Historical Developments	74	(2)
Philosophical Considerations	76	(2)
Liberatarian Anarchism	78	(1)
Liberalism Today	78	(3)
Conclusion	81	(4)
Liberalism as an Ideology	81	(2)
Liberalism and the Democratic Ideal	83	(2)
Notes	85
For Further Reading	84	(3)
Conservatism	87	(28)
The Politics of Imperfection	88	(1)
The Conservatism of Edmund Burke	89	(7)
Human Nature and Society	90	(1)
Freedom	91	(1)
Revolution and Reform	92	(1)
Burke on Government	93	(2)
Burke's Legacy	95	(1)
Conservatism in the Nineteenth Century	96	(5)
Conservatism and Reaction	96	(2)
Cultural Conservatism	98	(1)
Tory Democracy	98	(1)
Conservatism in the United States	99	(2)
Conservatism in the Twentieth Century	101	(4)
Conservatism Versus Mass Society	101	(2)
Levelling	103	(1)
Conservatives and Communism	104	(1)
Conservatism Today: A House Divided	105	(5)
Traditional Conservatism	106	(1)
Individualist Conservatism	106	(1)
Neoconservatism	107	(2)
The Religious Right	109	(1)
Conclusion	110	(2)
Conservatism as an Ideology	111	(1)
Conservatism and Democracy	111	(1)
Notes	112	(1)
For Further Reading	112	(3)
Socialism and Communism: More to Marx	115	(26)
Human Nature and Freedom	116	(1)
Socialism: The Precursors	117	(5)
Saint-Simon	119	(1)
Fourier	120	(1)
Owen	121	(1)
The Socialism of Karl Marx	122	(16)
The Young Marx	122	(2)
The Influence of Hegel	124	(2)
Marx's Theory of History	126	(3)
Marx's Critique of Capitalism	129	(4)
The Dialectic of Change	133	(1)
The Revolutionary Sequence	134	(4)
Notes	138
Further Reading	137	(4)
Socialism and Communism After Marx	141	(36)
Marxism After Marx	142	(20)
Engels's Marxism	142	(4)
The Revisionists	146	(3)
Soviet Marxism-Leninism	149	(9)
Chinese Communism	158	(4)
Non-Marxist Socialism	162	(5)
Anarcho-Communism	162	(2)
Fabian Socialism	164	(1)
American Socialism	165	(2)
Socialism Today	167	(4)
Conclusion	171	(2)
Socialism as an Ideology	171	(1)
Socialism and the Democratic Ideal	172	(1)
Notes	173	(1)
For Further Reading	173	(4)
Fascism	177	(28)
Fascism: The Background	178	(6)
The Counter-Enlightenment	179	(1)
Nationalism	180	(2)
Elitism	182	(1)
Irrationalism	183	(1)
Fascism in Italy	184	(5)
Mussolini and Italian Fascism	185	(2)
Fascism in Theory and Practice	187	(2)
Fascism in Germany: Nazism	189	(7)
Hitler and Nazism	189	(3)
Nazism in Theory and Practice	192	(4)
Fascism Elsewhere	196	(2)
Fascism Today	198	(3)
Conclusion	201	(2)
Fascism as an Ideology	201	(1)
Fascism and the Democratic Ideal	202	(1)
Notes	203
For Further Reading	202	(3)
PART THREE Political Ideologies Today and Tomorrow	205	(62)
Liberation Ideologies and the Politics of Identity	207	(30)
Liberation Ideologies: Common Characteristics	207	(2)
Black Liberation	209	(4)
Women's Liberation (Feminism)	213	(4)
Gay Liberation	217	(3)
Native People's Liberation	220	(3)
Liberation Theology	223	(2)
Animal Liberation	225	(4)
Conclusion	229	(4)
Liberty, Identity, and Ideology	229	(1)
Liberation, Identity and the Democratic Ideal	230	(3)
Notes	233
For Further Reading	231	(6)
``Green'' Politics: Ecology as Ideology	237	(16)
The Green Critique of Other Ideologies	238	(2)
Toward an Ecological Ethic	240	(4)
Unresolved Differences	244	(5)
Conclusion	249	(2)
Ecology as Ideology	249	(1)
Ecology, Freedom, and the Democratic Ideal	250	(1)
Notes	251
For Further Reading	250	(3)
Postscript: The Future of Ideology	253	(14)
Political Ideologies: Continuing Forces	254	(5)
Nationalism and Ideology	255	(1)
Religion and Ideology	256	(3)
Ideology and the Environment	259	(1)
Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal	260	(2)
The End of Ideology?	262	(3)
Notes	265	(2)
Glossary	267	(8)
Photo Acknowledgments	275	(2)
Name Index	277	(2)
Subject Index	279