Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal

by Ball, Terence; Dagger, Richard

• ISBN13: 9780205607372
• ISBN10: 0205607373
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780205779963, 9780321390158
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-05-06
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

The extensively revised new edition of this bestselling text continues to provide an accessible overview of the major political ideologies, their origins, and their development. In addition to examining the major "isms" liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and fascism the book offers readers the history, structure, supporting arguments, and internal complexities of these and recently emerging ideologies. The text utilizes a fourfold framework a definition of "ideology" in terms of the four functions ideologies perform within which to compare, contrast, and analyze the various ideologies. In addition, the book also shows how each ideology interprets "democracy" (which the authors characterize as an ideal rather than an ideology) and "freedom." In examining the latter notion, the authors analyze each ideologyrs"s view of freedom in terms of agent, obstacle, and goal.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. x
To the Reader	p. xiii
About the Authors	p. xiv
Ideology and Democracy
Ideology and Ideologies	p. 1
A Working Definition of "Ideology"	p. 4
Human Nature and Freedom	p. 9
Human Nature	p. 9
Freedom	p. 10
Ideology and Revolution	p. 12
Nationalism and Anarchism	p. 14
Nationalism	p. 14
Anarchism	p. 15
Conclusion	p. 16
Notes	p. 16
For Further Reading	p. 17
The Democratic Ideal	p. 19
The Origins of Democracy	p. 20
Democracy and Republic	p. 24
The Republic and Mixed Government	p. 24
Christianity and Democracy	p. 25
Renaissance and Republicanism	p. 27
The Atlantic Republican Tradition	p. 30
The Return of Democracy	p. 31
Seventeenth-Century Democrats	p. 31
The United States as Democratic Republic	p. 32
Tocqueville on Democracy	p. 34
The Growth of Democracy	p. 36
Democracy as an Ideal	p. 37
Three Conceptions of Democracy	p. 39
Conclusion	p. 40
Notes	p. 41
For Further Reading	p. 42
The Development of Political Ideologies
Liberalism	p. 45
Liberalism, Human Nature, and Freedom	p. 46
Historical Background	p. 47
Medieval Origins	p. 47
The Protestant Reformation	p. 50
Liberalism and Revolution	p. 52
England	p. 52
The American Revolution	p. 57
The French Revolution	p. 60
Liberalism and Capitalism	p. 63
Liberalism in the Nineteenth Century	p. 66
Utilitarianism	p. 67
Liberalism Divided	p. 71
Neoclassical Liberalism	p. 72
Welfare Liberalism	p. 73
Liberalism in the Twentieth Century	p. 75
Historical Developments	p. 75
Philosophical Considerations	p. 77
The Libertarian Vision	p. 80
Liberalism Today: Divisions and Differences	p. 81
Conclusion	p. 84
Liberalism as an Ideology	p. 84
Liberalism and the Democratic Ideal	p. 85
Coda: The Limits of Liberal Toleration	p. 87
Notes	p. 89
For Further Reading	p. 91
Conservatism	p. 93
The Politics of Imperfection	p. 94
The Conservatism of Edmund Burke	p. 95
Human Nature and Society	p. 97
Freedom	p. 97
Revolution and Reform	p. 99
Burke on Government	p. 99
Burke's Legacy	p. 102
Conservatism in the Nineteenth Century	p. 102
Conservatism and Reaction	p. 102
Tory Democracy	p. 105
Conservatism in the United States	p. 106
Conservatism in the Twentieth Century	p. 108
Conservatism Versus Mass Society	p. 108
Leveling	p. 109
Conservatives and Communism	p. 110
Conservatism Today: A House Divided	p. 112
Traditional Conservatism	p. 112
Individualist Conservatism	p. 113
Neoconservatism	p. 114
The Religious Right	p. 116
Conclusion	p. 120
Conservatism as an Ideology	p. 120
Conservatism and Democracy	p. 121
Notes	p. 122
For Further Reading	p. 123
Socialism and Communism: More to Marx	p. 125
Human Nature and Freedom	p. 126
Socialism: The Precursors	p. 128
Saint-Simon	p. 130
Fourier	p. 131
Owen	p. 131
The Socialism of Karl Marx	p. 132
The Young Marx	p. 132
The Influence of Hegel	p. 134
Marx's Theory of History	p. 136
Marx's Critique of Capitalism	p. 140
The Dialectic of Change	p. 143
The Revolutionary Sequence	p. 144
Notes	p. 147
For Further Reading	p. 149
Socialism and Communism After Marx	p. 151
Marxism After Marx	p. 152
Engels's Marxism	p. 152
The Revisionists	p. 157
Soviet Marxism-Leninism	p. 161
Chinese Communism	p. 170
Non-Marxist Socialism	p. 174
Anarcho-Communism	p. 175
Fabian Socialism	p. 178
American Socialism	p. 178
Socialism Today	p. 181
Conclusion	p. 185
Socialism as an Ideology	p. 185
Socialism and the Democratic Ideal	p. 187
Notes	p. 187
For Further Reading	p. 189
Fascism	p. 191
Fascism: The Background	p. 192
The Counter-Enlightenment	p. 193
Nationalism	p. 194
Elitism	p. 196
Irrationalism	p. 197
Fascism in Italy	p. 198
Mussolini and Italian Fascism	p. 199
Fascism in Theory and Practice	p. 201
Fascism in Germany: Nazism	p. 203
Hitler and Nazism	p. 203
Nazism in Theory and Practice	p. 206
Fascism Elsewhere	p. 210
Fascism Today	p. 212
Conclusion	p. 217
Fascism as an Ideology	p. 217
Fascism and the Democratic Ideal	p. 217
Notes	p. 218
For Further Reading	p. 219
Political Ideologies Today and Tomorrow
Liberation Ideologies and the Politics of Identity	p. 221
Liberation Ideologies: Common Characteristics	p. 221
Black Liberation	p. 223
Women's Liberation (Feminism)	p. 229
Gay Liberation	p. 233
Native People's Liberation (Indigenism)	p. 236
Liberation Theology	p. 239
Animal Liberation	p. 241
Conclusion	p. 246
Liberty, Identity, and Ideology	p. 246
Liberation, Identity, and the Democratic Ideal	p. 248
Notes	p. 250
For Further Reading	p. 253
"Green" Politics: Ecology as Ideology	p. 257
The Green Critique of Other Ideologies	p. 258
Toward an Ecological Ethic	p. 260
Unresolved Differences	p. 266
Conclusion	p. 271
Ecology as Ideology	p. 271
Ecology, Freedom, and the Democratic Ideal	p. 271
Notes	p. 272
For Further Reading	p. 274
Radical Islamism	p. 277
Islam: A Short History	p. 277
Radical Islamism	p. 281
Human Nature and Freedom	p. 284
Conclusion	p. 288
Radical Islamism as an Ideology	p. 288
Radical Islamism and the Democratic Ideal	p. 290
Notes	p. 292
For Further Reading	p. 293
Postscript: The Future of Ideology	p. 295
Political Ideologies: Continuing Forces	p. 296
Nationalism and Ideology	p. 296
Religion and Ideology	p. 298
Ideology and Public Policy	p. 299
Ideology, the Environment, and Globalization	p. 301
Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal	p. 304
The End of Ideology?	p. 306
Notes	p. 309
For Further Reading	p. 310
Glossary	p. 311
Name Index	p. 320
Subject Index	p. 324
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