Political Ideologies : Their Origins and Impact

by Baradat, Leon P.

• ISBN13: 9780136037187
• ISBN10: 0136037186
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-05-06
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Using a chronological organization, Political Ideologies explains the evolution of political thought over the past three centuries and describes political ideologies in the context of the social, economic, and political circumstances in which they developed. It provides students with a complete understanding of political ideologies andhow these concepts relate to their own lives.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
A Note to the Student	p. xii
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Ideology	p. 1
Preview	p. 1
The Development of Ideology	p. 1
The Source of Ideology	p. 2
Ideology Defined	p. 6
The Origin of the Term	p. 6
Contemporary Definitions	p. 7
Ideology and Philosophy	p. 10
Questions for Discussion	p. 11
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 11
The Spectrum of Political Attitudes	p. 13
Preview	p. 13
Understanding the Spectrum	p. 14
Change, or Policy Options	p. 14
Radical	p. 18
Liberal	p. 20
Moderate	p. 22
Conservative	p. 22
Reactionary	p. 28
Values, or Personal Philosophy	p. 30
Motivation	p. 34
The Changing Spectrum	p. 35
Specific Policies	p. 36
Foreign Policy	p. 37
Domestic Policy	p. 38
Questions for Discussion	p. 42
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 42
Nationalism	p. 44
Preview	p. 44
The Importance of Nationalism	p. 45
Nation and State	p. 45
Theories of the Origin of the State	p. 49
The History of Nationalism	p. 54
The Theory of Nationalism	p. 57
Questions for Discussion	p. 62
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 62
The Evolution of Democratic Theory	p. 64
Preview	p. 64
The Meaning of Democracy	p. 65
The Early History of Democracy	p. 66
The Social Contract	p. 67
Later Social Contract Philosophers	p. 68
Thomas Hobbes	p. 69
John Locke	p. 70
Jean Jacques Rousseau	p. 77
Questions for Discussion	p. 81
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 81
Liberal Democracy, Capitalism, and Beyond	p. 83
Preview	p. 83
Capitalism	p. 84
Adam Smith	p. 84
Neoclassical Liberal Democratic Theory	p. 90
Edmund Burke	p. 90
James Madison	p. 93
Jefferson's Alternative	p. 98
The Emergence of Democratic Socialism	p. 101
Utilitarianism and Positivist Law	p. 102
Democratic Socialism	p. 103
Questions for Discussion	p. 107
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 108
The Liberal Democratic Process	p. 110
Preview	p. 110
Processes of Democracy	p. 111
Democracy and the Legislative Process	p. 111
Elite Theorism	p. 116
Systems of Government	p. 118
The American System	p. 118
The British System	p. 121
Elections	p. 125
Electoral Districts	p. 125
Political Party Structures	p. 128
Representation	p. 130
Theories of Representation	p. 130
Some Criticisms of Democracy	p. 131
Questions for Discussion	p. 132
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 133
Anarchism	p. 134
Preview	p. 134
Development of Anarchism	p. 134
Definition of Anarchism	p. 135
Particular Theories of Anarchism	p. 139
The Pacifists	p. 139
The Revolutionaries	p. 143
Individualist Anarchists	p. 147
Militant Civilian Militias	p. 149
Questions for Discussion	p. 151
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 151
Socialist Theory	p. 152
Preview	p. 152
The Development of Socialism	p. 153
Communism and Socialism	p. 154
The Meaning of Socialism	p. 155
Ownership of Production	p. 155
The Welfare State	p. 157
The Socialist Intent	p. 159
The History of Socialism	p. 160
From the French Revolution to Marx	p. 160
Marxism	p. 165
Capitalist Development	p. 167
The Basic Principles of Marxism	p. 168
Marxist Sociological Theory	p. 169
Marxist Historical Theory	p. 172
Marxist Economic Theory	p. 176
Marxist Theory of Revolution	p. 179
The Marxist Political System	p. 181
Internationalism	p. 182
Questions for Discussion	p. 182
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 183
Applied Socialism	p. 184
Preview	p. 184
Socialism after Marx	p. 185
Orthodox Marxism	p. 185
Revisionism	p. 185
Marxism-Leninism	p. 187
The Soviet Union and Russia	p. 192
Lenin's and Stalin's Policies	p. 192
Soviet Atrophy	p. 195
China	p. 197
The Belligerent Stage of the Revolution	p. 197
The Political Stage of the Revolution	p. 199
The Principles of Maoism	p. 205
Cuba	p. 209
The Cuban Revolution	p. 209
Fidelismo	p. 216
The Re-emergence of Socialism	p. 218
Questions for Discussion	p. 221
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 221
Fascism and National Socialism	p. 223
Preview	p. 223
The Failure of Democracy and Capitalism	p. 224
The Development of Fascism and National Socialism	p. 224
Mussolini	p. 225
Hitler	p. 228
Fascist and Nazi Ideologies	p. 230
Irrationalism	p. 231
Racism	p. 235
Totalitarianism	p. 239
Elitism	p. 241
The Corporate State	p. 242
Imperialism	p. 243
Militarism	p. 245
Contemporary Fascist and Neo-Nazi Movements	p. 246
Right-Wing Extremism in the United States	p. 249
Questions for Discussion	p. 257
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 257
Ideologies in the Developing World	p. 259
Preview	p. 259
Developing World Defined	p. 260
Politics of the Developing World	p. 261
Economics of the Developing World	p. 269
Developing World Democracies and Dictatorships	p. 277
Terrorism	p. 279
Guided Democracies	p. 281
Questions for Discussion	p. 282
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 283
Feminism and Environmentalism	p. 284
Preview	p. 284
Feminism	p. 285
Sexism Is Endemic	p. 286
The History of Feminism	p. 291
Feminist Thought	p. 294
Environmentalism	p. 296
The Environmentalists	p. 304
Questions for Discussion	p. 308
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 308
Glossary	p. 311
Credits	p. 323
Index	p. 324
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