Political Worlds of Women

by Hawkesworth,Mary

• ISBN13: 9780813344959
• ISBN10: 0813344956
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-02-28
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Political Worlds of Womenprovides a comprehensive overview of women's political activism, comparing formal and informal channels of power from official institutions of state to grassroots mobilizations and Internet campaigns. Illuminating the politics of identity enmeshed in local, national, and global gender orders, this book explores women's creation of new political spaces and innovative political strategies to secure full citizenship and equal access to political power. Incorporating case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas, Mary Hawkesworth analyzes critical issues such as immigration and citizenship, the politics of representation, sexual regulation, and gender mainstreaming in order to examine how women mobilize in this era of globalization. Political Worlds of Womendeepens understandings of national and global citizenship and presents the formidable challenges facing racial and gender justice in the contemporary world. It is an essential resource for students and scholars of women's studies and gender politics.

Author Biography

Mary Hawkesworth is professor of political science and women's and gender studio at Rutgers University. She has written extensively on feminist theory, women and politics, and gender and globalization. She currently serves as editor of Signs: Journal of Woman in Culture and Society.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xi
List of Images	p. xv
Political Worlds of Women: Introduction	p. 1
Strategies of Political Analysis	p. 2
Comparative Assessment	p. 3
Multilevel Analysis	p. 4
Feminist Theorizing in Context	p. 5
Tracing Historical Change	p. 6
Expanding Political Frames	p. 8
From Individual and Institutional Analysis to Structures of Oppression	p. 11
Chapter Overview	p. 14
Political Leadership, Gendered Institutions, and the Politics of Exclusion	p. 25
Women in Executive Offices	p. 27
Women in National Legislatures	p. 27
Explaining Women's Continuing Absence	p. 32
Gendered Institutions and the Politics of Exclusion: Historical Precedents	p. 33
Body Politics in the American and French Revolutions	p. 35
The Consolidation of Separate Spheres	p. 41
Political Parties and the Politics of Exclusion: Contemporary Practices	p. 43
Conclusion	p. 45
From Demography to Development: Women's Worlds and the Politics of Knowledge	p. 46
Global Gender Demographics	p. 48
Life Expectancy	p. 50
Gender Ratios	p. 50
Marriage and Divorce	p. 51
Pregnancy and Childbearing	p. 51
Women's Labor	p. 52
Migration	p. 57
War and Displacement	p. 60
Development	p. 66
Modernization Theory as Policy Practice	p. 67
Gender and Gendering in Development Policies	p. 71
Women and Development: Reproduction and "Welfare"	p. 73
Women in Development:	p. 75
The Virtues of Waged Labor in the Formal Sector Gender and Development	p. 78
Sustainable Development	p. 81
Conclusion	p. 81
Producing Raced-Gendered Citizens	p. 85
Liberty, Equality, and Citizenship: Classical Liberal Presumptions	p. 86
The Political Demarcation of Public and Private Spheres	p. 88
Producing Raced-Gendered Citizens	p. 92
Birthright and Its Suspension	p. 92
Miscegenation Laws: Crafting the Complexion of Citizens	p. 94
Immigration	p. 95
The Discursive Production of Raced-Gendered Citizens	p. 99
Welfare Policy	p. 100
Biopower	p. 108
Conclusion	p. 112
From the Politics of Identity to Identity Politics	p. 113
Dispelling Caricatures of Identity Politics	p. 115
The Politics of Identity	p. 119
The Microphysics of Power: Regulating Dress	p. 119
Patrolling National Borders: Marriage and Reproduction	p. 124
Reproducing Servility	p. 126
Sexual Terror as Feminizing Practice	p. 127
Femicide	p. 130
Making Injustice Visible and Actionable	p. 133
Identity Politics	p. 138
Struggling for Visibility	p. 139
Expanding the National Imaginary	p. 142
Challenging Political Homophobia	p. 143
Securing Constitutional Rights and Recognition	p. 145
Transnational Strategies for Sexual Democracy	p. 147
Conclusion	p. 149
Engaging the State	p. 151
Competing Conceptions of the State	p. 154
The Straggle for Equal Citizenship	p. 159
The Quest for Equality in the United States	p. 159
Activism and Advocacy in Comparative Perspective	p. 165
Women's Movements and Democratization in Latin America	p. 165
Women's Movement Activism at the Grassroots in India	p. 169
Feminist Civil Society: From Interest Groups to NGOs	p. 171
NGOs in Postsocialist States	p. 174
The European Women's Lobby: Coordinating Gender Equality Initiatives	p. 177
Engaging the State in Africa:	p. 181
From Apartheid to. the War on Terror Mobilizing for Equality it South Africa	p. 181
Engaging the State in Morocco	p. 184
Conclusion	p. 185
Becoming the State	p. 187
Portraits of Women Heads of State	p. 190
Routes to Power: From Kinship to Quotas	p. 193
Political Parties and the Gender Politics of Partisanship	p. 195
Strategies to Limit Male Dominance	p. 196
Reserved Seats	p. 198
Voluntary Party Quotas	p. 201
Mandatory Quotas	p. 201
Challenges in Governing: Gender Politics in Office	p. 203
Obstacles Confronting Women in Political Office	p. 206
Conclusion	p. 214
Promoting Equality Through Policymaking and Policy	p. 217
Equality Policies: From Women's Machinery to State Feminism	p. 219
Women's Policy Machinery	p. 220
State Feminism	p. 225
Policy Interventions: Violence Against Women	p. 228
Brazil's Delegacia da Mulher (Women's Police Station)	p. 229
Family Courts in India	p. 232
Gender Mainstreaming	p. 234
Comparative Approaches to Gender Mainstreaming	p. 238
The Politics of Equality	p. 245
Conclusion	p. 247
International and Transnational Political Activism	p. 249
Activism Within International Institutions	p. 251
The UN Commission on the Status of Women and CEDAW	p. 252
UW World Conferences and NGO Forums	p. 257
UN Women	p. 261
Transnational Activism:	p. 262
Preventing War by Reconceptualizing Peace Early Twentieth-Century Interventions	p. 263
Promoting Peace in the Contemporary Era	p. 264
Expanding the Framework of Peace Activism	p. 267
Everyday Peacemaking	p. 270
Conclusion	p. 277
Virtual Politics	p. 279
The Technological Infrastructure for Virtual Politics	p. 283
New Media and the Politics of Mobilization	p. 285
Flash Mobs	p. 286
Networking	p. 287
Blogging	p. 288
Information Politics	p. 289
Peer-to-Peer Exchanges	p. 294
New Media, Electoral Politics, and Political Participation: Evidence from the United States	p. 295
Inclusion and Exclusion in Virtual Politics	p. 299
The Microphysics of Power Within the Profession	p. 299
The Politics of Representation and the Content of New Media	p. 303
North/South Inequities	p. 306
Gendered Genres in New Media	p. 308
Refiguring the Public and the Private	p. 310
Conclusion	p. 312
Political Worlds of Women: Future Prospects	p. 315
Prospects for Equitable Politics	p. 318
Obstacles	p. 319
Gendered States, Subordinating Practices	p. 319
Stereotyping and Bias in Evaluation	p. 320
Norms Grounded in Men's Experience	p. 321
Frames That Mask Raced-Gendered Power	p. 322
Economic Practices That Fuel Inequality	p. 324
Resistance and Reaction	p. 325
Fundamentalist Offensives	p. 327
Future Prospects	p. 329
Abbreviations	p. 333
Glossary	p. 335
Notes	p. 343
Bibliography	p. 385
Index	p. 415
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