The great portrait photographers of today haven't forgotten the fundamentals of classic portrait posing but they interprete them less formally. This book teaches you the classic rules and when to break them. Featuring techniques for all types of portraiture, you'll learn simple ways to flatter the human figure. Corrective posing techniques are also provided, helping you to make every client look thier best. Filled with ideas and illustrations to enable you make images that please your clients, this book will help you meet your artistic and financial goals.

Introduction: The Changing Nature of Posing

6

(8)

The Photographers

14

(100)

1. Posing Basics

18

(11)

Breaking the Rules

18

(1)

The Basics

19

(3)

Head and Shoulders

19

(1)

Start with the Feet

19

(1)

Head Tilt

19

(2)

Body at an Angle to the Camera

21

(1)

Turn Away from the Main Light

21

(1)

Posture

21

(1)

Arms and the Tirangle Base

21

(1)

Refinements: Head Positions

22

(2)

The Seven-Eighths View

22

(1)

The Three-Quarter View

22

(1)

The Two-Thirds View

23

(1)

The Profile View

23

(1)

Refinements: Posing the Body

24

(1)

Three-Quarter-Length Portraits

24

(1)

Full-Length Portraits

24

(1)

Refinements: Posing the Feet

25

(1)

Refinements: Posing the Hands

25

(1)

Posng Men's Hands vs. Women's Hands

26

(3)

Refinements: Seated Poses

27

(2)

2. The Face

29

(9)

Facial Analysis

29

(1)

Eyes

29

(5)

Active and Alive

29

(1)

Direction of Gaze

30

(2)

Iris and Pupil

32

(1)

Blinking and Squinting

32

(1)

Eyeglasses

33

(1)

One Small Eye

34

(1)

Mouths

34

(1)

Natural Smiles

34

(1)

Moistened Lips

34

(1)

Tension

34

(1)

Gap Between the Lips

35

(1)

Laugh Lines

35

(1)

Noses

35

(1)

Chin Height

36

(1)

Hairstyle and Makeup

36

(2)

3. Camera Techniques Affecting Posing

38

(17)

Focal Length and Perspective

38

(4)

Head-and-Shoulders Portraits

38

(2)

Three-Quarter- and Full-Length Portraits

40

(2)

Group Portraits

42

(1)

Lenses and Depth of Field

42

(2)

Focusing

44

(1)

Head-and-Shoulders Portraits

44

(1)

Three-Quarter and Full-Length Portraits

44

(1)

Camera Height and Perspective

45

(2)

Head-and-Shoulders Portrits

45

(1)

Three-Quarter- and Full-Length Portraits

46

(1)

Raising and Lowering the Camera

46

(1)

Distance to Subject

47

(1)

Tilting the Camera

47

(1)

Shooting Apertures

48

(3)

Shooting Wide Open

49

(2)

Shutter Speeds

51

(3)

Dragging the Shutter

51

(1)

Outdoors

51

(1)

Handholding

51

(2)

Subjects in Motion

53

(1)

Image Stabilization Lenses

53

(1)

A Word About Digital Capture

54

(1)

4. Composition Techniques

55

(12)

The Rule of Thirds

55

(1)

The Golden Mean

56

(1)

Direction

56

(1)

Line

57

(3)

Position of Lines

57

(1)

At the Edge of the Frame

57

(2)

Direction

59

(1)

Lines and Visual Motion

60

(1)

Shapes

60

(2)

Tension and Balance

62

(3)

Visual Emphasis

65

(1)

Subject Tone

65

(1)

Focus

66

(1)

The Concepts of Design

66

(1)

5 Expression

67

(5)

Pre-Session Consultation

67

(1)

Individuality

67

(1)

Psychology

67

(1)

Flattering the Subject

68

(1)

Subject Comfort

69

(1)

Expression

69

(3)

Smile or Serious?

69

(1)

Eliciting Expressions

70

(1)

Smiling Eyes

70

(2)

6. Posing Strategies

72

(7)

Observing the Subject

72

(1)

Prompted Posing

72

(1)

Active Posing

73

(1)

Demonstrating the Pose

74

(1)

Posing Strategy: Jennifer George Walker

74

(3)

Posing Strategy: Terry Deglau

77

(2)

7. Posing Groups

79

(14)

Posing Hierarchy 79

Head Levels and Placement in Groups

80

(1)

The Posing Dialogue

80

(1)

Small Groups

81

(5)

Couples

81

(1)

Adding a Third Person

82

(2)

Adding a Fourth

84

(1)

Five and More

85

(1)

Big Groups

86

(2)

Linking Shapes

88

(1)

Posing Hands in Group Portraits

88

(1)

Coordinating Apparel

89

(1)

Group Expressions

90

(1)

Obvious Things to Avoid

90

(1)

Focus

91

(1)

Shifting the Focus Point

91

(1)

Making the Film Plane Parallel to the Group Plane

92

(1)

8. Studio and Outdoor Lighting

93

(13)

Studio Lighting

93

(4)

Key and Fill Lights

93

(3)

Hair Light and Background Light

96

(1)

Reflectors

97

(1)

Broad and Short Lighting

97

(1)

Broad Lighting

97

(1)

Short Lighting

98

(1)

Lighting Ratios

98

(2)

Feathering the Lights

100

(1)

Fashion Lighting

101

(1)

Location Lighting: Indoors

102

(1)

Balancing Auxiliary and Ambient Light

102

(1)

Window Light

102

(1)

Location Lighting: Outdoors

103

(3)

Gobos

103

(1)

Scrims

104

(1)

Fill Light

104

(2)

9. Corrective Posing Techniques

106

(8)

Soft Focus and Diffusion

106

(2)

Retouching

108

(1)

Correcting Specific Problems

108

(5)

Overweight Subjects

108

(1)

Underweight Subjects

109

(1)

Elderly Subjects

109

(1)

Baldness

109

(2)

Double Chins

111

(1)

Broad Foreheads

111

(1)

Deep-Set or Protruding Eyes

111

(1)

Large Ears

111

(1)

Dark Skin Tones

111

(1)

Uneven Mouths

111

(1)

Long Noses and Short Noses

112

(1)

Long Necks and Short Necks

112

(1)

Wide Mouths and Narrow Mouths

112

(1)

Long Chins and Stubby Chins

112

(1)

Oily Skin

112

(1)

Dry Skin

113

(1)

Scars and Discoloration

113

(1)

Be Discrete

113

(1)

10. Portrait Gallery

114

(10)

Glossary

124

(1)

Index

125

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