Power System Analysis

by Gross, Charles A.

• ISBN13: 9780471862062
• ISBN10: 0471862061
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2013-08-12
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Provides a basic comprehensive treatment of the major electrical engineering problems associated with the design and operation of electric power systems. The major components of the power system are modeled in terms of their sequence (symmetrical component) equivalent circuits. Reviews power flow, fault analysis, economic dispatch, and transient stability in power systems.

Author Biography

Charles A. Gross is the author of Power System Analysis, 2nd Edition, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION	1	(30)
1.1 A Brief History of the Power Industry	3	(6)
1.2 Structure of an Electrical Power System	9	(3)
1.3 Electrical Energy Transmission	12	(8)
1.4 Electrical Energy Production	20	(3)
1.5 Electrical Loads	23	(8)
CHAPTER 2 SINUSOIDAL STEADY STATE CIRCUIT CONCEPTS	31	(46)
2.1 Phasor Representation	32	(3)
2.2 Impedances of Passive Elements	35	(4)
2.3 Power in Sinusoidal Steady-State Circuits	39	(5)
2.4 The General N-Phase Situation	44	(7)
2.5 The General Balanced Three-Phase System	51	(5)
2.6 Symmetrical Components	56	(1)
2.7 The a Operator as used in Symmetrical Component Representation	57	(5)
2.8 The Effect on Impedance	62	(2)
2.9 Power Considerations	64	(2)
2.10 Symmetrical Components Extended to the N-Phase Case	66	(2)
2.11 Balanced N-Phase Operation Using Symmetrical Components	68	(1)
2.12 Summary	69	(8)
CHAPTER 3 POWER SYSTEM REPRESENTATION	77	(20)
3.1 Per-Phase Analysis	78	(2)
3.2 The Per-Unit System	80	(5)
3.3 The Per-Unit System Extended to N-Phase Systems	85	(4)
3.4 The One-Line Diagram	89	(3)
3.5 Summary	92	(5)
CHAPTER 4 TRANSMISSION LINES	97	(68)
4.1 Line Series Resistance	100	(2)
4.2 Line Series Impedance	102	(11)
4.3 Shunt Admittance	113	(7)
4.4 Consideration of Line Length	120	(10)
4.5 Power Loading for Power Transmission Lines	130	(5)
4.6 Line Compensation	135	(5)
4.7 Line Insulation and Lightning	140	(3)
4.8 Transient Analysis of Transmission Lines	143	(9)
4.9 The Surge Arrester	152	(3)
4.10 dc Transmission	155	(1)
4.11 Corona	156	(2)
4.12 Summary	158	(7)
CHAPTER 5 THE POWER TRANSFORMER	165	(50)
5.1 The Three-Winding Ideal Transformer Equivalent Circuit	167	(7)
5.2 A Practical Three-Winding Transformer Equivalent Circuit	174	(2)
5.3 Transformers in Three-Phase Connections	176	(7)
5.4 Phase Shift in Wye-Delta connections	183	(2)
5.5 The Two-Winding Transformer	185	(2)
5.6 Determining Per-Phase Equivalent Circuit Values for Power Transformers	187	(4)
5.7 Per-Unit Scaling Extended to Systems with Transformers	191	(7)
5.8 Autotransformers	198	(2)
5.9 The Regulating Transformer	200	(4)
5.10 Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios Modeled in Per-Unit	204	(5)
5.11 Summary	209	(6)
CHAPTER 6 THE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE	215	(40)
6.1 Synchronous-Machine Construction	217	(4)
6.2 The Synchronous-Machine Equivalent Circuit	221	(4)
6.3 The Turbine-Generator-Exciter System	225	(10)
6.4 Operating Limits on Synchronous Generators	235	(4)
6.5 The Salient-Pole Synchronous Machine	239	(6)
6.6 Synchronous-Machine Electrical Transient Performance	245	(6)
6.7 Summary	251	(4)
CHAPTER 7 THE POWER FLOW PROBLEM	255	(48)
7.1 Basic Considerations	256	(3)
7.2 Formulation of the System [Y] Array	259	(5)
7.3 Statement of the Power Flow Problem	264	(3)
7.4 Solving Nonlinear Algebraic Equations by Newton-Raphson Methods	267	(6)
7.5 The Newton-Raphson Method Applied to the Power Flow Problem	273	(7)
7.6 Simplifications of the Newton-Raphson Method: The Fast Decoupled Power Flow	280	(5)
7.7 Power Flow: An Application	285	(8)
7.8 Further Refinements of Power Flow	293	(5)
7.9 Summary	298	(5)
CHAPTER 8 OPERATING AND CONTROLLING POWER SYSTEMS	303	(30)
8.1 The Economic Dispatch Problem	305	(9)
8.2 Economic Dispatch Considering Losses	314	(9)
8.3 System Voltage Control	323	(4)
8.4 Controlling Through-Power Flow by Means of Magnitude- and Phase-Changing Transformers	327	(2)
8.5 Summary	329	(4)
CHAPTER 9 BALANCED AND UNBALANCED FAULTS	333	(34)
9.1 Simplifications in the System Model	334	(6)
9.2 The Balanced Three-Phase Fault	340	(3)
9.3 The Single-Line-to-Ground Fault	343	(4)
9.4 The Line-to-Line Fault	347	(3)
9.5 The Double-Line-to-Ground Fault	350	(3)
9.6 Calculating Interior Voltages and Currents in Faulted Systems	353	(3)
9.7 Prefault Load Current	356	(2)
9.8 Further Considerations	358	(5)
9.9 Summary	363	(4)
CHAPTER 10 FAULT ANALYSIS BY COMPUTER METHODS	367	(38)
10.1 Formulating the Impedance Matrix	368	(2)
10.2 A Programmable Method for Formulating [Z]	370	(8)
10.3 Sequence Fault Impedance Matrices	378	(2)
10.4 General Fault Analysis Equations	380	(5)
10.5 Line Current Calculations	385	(3)
10.6 An Application	388	(2)
10.7 Summary	400	(5)
CHAPTER 11 POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION	405	(84)
11.1 Detecting System Variables: Instrument Transformers	406	(11)
11.2 Relays	417	(11)
11.3 Circuit Interrupters: Fuses and Circuit Breakers	428	(10)
11.4 Sequence Filters	438	(5)
11.5 Bus Protection	443	(2)
11.6 Transformer Protection	445	(7)
11.7 Motor and Generator Protection	452	(5)
11.8 Line Protection	457	(27)
11.9 Summary	484	(5)
CHAPTER 12 POWER SYSTEM DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE	489	(60)
12.1 The Basic Synchronous Machine Equation of Motion	491	(3)
12.2 Inertia Concepts	494	(3)
12.3 Prime-Mover Power Control	497	(8)
12.4 Tie Line Power Exchange	505	(3)
12.5 Generator Excitation Dynamics	508	(6)
12.6 The Transient-Stability Problem	514	(7)
12.7 Predicting Stability: Equal-Area Methods	521	(5)
12.8 Solution of the Swing Equation	526	(5)
12.9 Multimachine Systems	531	(8)
12.10 An Application	539	(4)
12.11 Summary	543	(6)
APPENDIX A The SI System of Units	549	(4)
APPENDIX B Some Useful Mathematical Relations	553	(2)
APPENDIX C Basic Matrix Concepts	555	(12)
APPENDIX D General Calculation of Power Transmission Line Parameters	567	(22)
Index	589